[POL SC 1066] Hastings; Normandie 4 teh w1n

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Op zondag 12 november 2006 23:38 schreef Genverbrander het volgende:
Ik ga slapen, maar niet voordat ik hier even de voorspelling doe dat Wouter Bos alsnog de verkiezingen gaat winnen.

truste!

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.................. Once the Arabs had acquired an empire, a coherent religion was required in order to hold that empire together and legitimize their rule. In a process that involved a massive backreading of history, and in conformity to the available Jewish and Christian models, this meant they needed a revelation and a revealer (prophet) whose life could serve at once as a model for moral conduct and as a framework for the appearance of the revelation; hence the Koran, the Hadith, and the Sira, were contrived and conjoined over a period of a couple of centuries. Topographically, after a century or so of Judaeo-Muslim monotheism centered on Jerusalem, in order to make Islam distinctively Arab the need for an exclusively Hijazi origin became pressing. It is at this point that Islam as we recognize it today - with an inner Arabian biography of the Prophet, Mecca, Quraysh, Hijra, Medina, Badr, etc. - was really born, as a purely literary artefact. An artefact, moreover, based not on faithful memories of real events, but on the fertile imaginations of Arab storytellers elaborating from allusive references in Koranic texts, the canonical text of the Koran not being fixed for nearly two centuries. This scenario makes at least as much sense of the sources as the traditional account and eliminates many anomalies.

From the vantage point of this skeptical analysis the narrative related in the Sira, that purports to be the life of the Prophet of Islam, appears as a baseless fiction. The first fifty-two years of that life, including the account of the first revelations of the Koran and all that is consequent upon that, are pictured as unfolding in a place that simply could not have existed in the way it is described in the Muslim sources. Mecca was not a wealthy trading center at the crossroads of Hijazi trade routes, the Quraysh were not wealthy merchants running caravan up and down the Arabian peninsula from Syria to the Yemen, and Muhammad, insofar as he was anything more than an Arab warlord of monotheist persuasion, did his trading far north of the Hijaz; furthermore, Mecca, as a sanctuary, if it was a sanctuary, was of no more importance than numerous others and was not a place of pilgrimage...............

Ibn al-Rawandi

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.......................... Space will not allow examination of all the non-Muslim sources and other evidence that led al-Rawandi to these startling opinions. However, a few points can be noted. The tenth-century Armenian historian Thomas Artsruni (Ardsruni) understood Mohammed's base of operation to be in Midian, not in South Arabia, and identified Mecca with the Pharan located in Arabia Petraea, which comprised modern Jordan down into the Sinai peninsula. 32

Information on the qibla, the direction in which early Muslims prayed, comes from the tenth-century Coptic bishop of Ashmunein in Egypt, Severus b. al-Muzaffa and from the Muslim historian Baladhuri, who tells us that the qibla in the first mosque at Kufa (in Iraq) was westward, instead of south-southwest as would be the case if present-day Mecca were its focus. Added to other information that Jerusalem, not Mecca, was the focus of early Muslim worship, the archaeological discovery THAT an ancient mosque under the Great Mosque of Wasit was not oriented toward Mecca adds weight to the thesis that the Muslim movement started in northern, not southern, Arabia, and that the traditional story of Mohammed's movement from Mecca to Medina and back is a foundational myth concocted to completely Arabize a conquest history which found it necessary to distance itself from Judaism and Christianity for theopolitical reasons. ...................

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Op zondag 12 november 2006 21:51 schreef tvlxd het volgende:
Wanneer zijn de nieuwe verkiezingen?

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Saqaliba (Arabic: سقالبة, sg. Siqlabi) refers to the Slavs, particularly Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and al-Andalus. The Arabic term is a Byzantine loanword: saqlab, siklab, saqlabi etc. is a corruption of Greek Sklavinoi for "Slav".

The Arab chronicler Ibn al-Faqih wrote that there were two types of saqaliba: those with swarthy skin and dark hair that live by the sea and those with light skin that live farther inland. It was typical in the Arab world to have a somewhat vague notion of ethnic distinctions between Slavs.

There were several major routes of Slav (and slave) trade into the Muslim world: through Central Asia (Mongols, Tatars, Khazars, etc.), through the Mediterranean (Byzantium), through Central and Western Europe to Spain and further to North Africa (Morocco, Egypt). The Volga trade route and other European routes, according to Ibrahim ibn Jakub, were serviced by Radanites, Jewish merchants. Theophanes mentions that the Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I settled a whole army of 5,000 Slavic mercenaries in Syria in the 660s.

In the Muslim world, Saqaliba served in a multitude of ways: servants, eunuchs, craftsmen, soldiers, and even as caliph's guards. Many of them became prominent, and unlike millions of nameless slaves, their fate is generally known. In Iberia, Morocco, Damascus and Sicily their role may be compared with that of mamluks in the Ottoman Empire. Some Saqāliba even became rulers of taifas (principalities) in Iberia after the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba.

As mentioned above, Arabs had vague notions about ethnic differences beyond their immediate neighborhood, and it is quite possible that in some old texts "Saqaliba" may refer to other peoples. In particular, Ibn Fadlan referred to the ruler of the Volga Bulgaria, Almış, as "King of the Saqaliba", although another likely reason for this is that there were many genuine Slavs living at that time in his domain, both slaves and ordinary settlers.

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Op zondag 12 november 2006 23:38 schreef Genverbrander het volgende:
Ik ga slapen, maar niet voordat ik hier even de voorspelling doe dat Wouter Bos alsnog de verkiezingen gaat winnen.

truste!

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Op zondag 12 november 2006 22:59 schreef Apropos het volgende:

[..]

Wat heb ik toch een bloedhekel aan die vent.

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Op maandag 13 november 2006 09:29 schreef tvlxd het volgende:
.

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Op maandag 13 november 2006 10:55 schreef pberends het volgende:
http://www.geenstijl.nl/mt/archieven/030945.html

Die Hans Smolders toch .

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Op maandag 13 november 2006 10:57 schreef Apropos het volgende:

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Een gouden tijd voor kerngeleerden.

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Op maandag 13 november 2006 11:29 schreef Napalm het volgende:

Klinkt gekker dan dat het is.

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Tevens nogal populistisch om voor Balk 4 maar uit te gaan dat ze snel zal vallen.

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Op maandag 13 november 2006 11:37 schreef Napalm het volgende:
Pirate bay heeft enkel de servers verhuist naar het buitenland ofzo.
[..]

Nee hoor. Je neemt bewust een gedeeltelijke periode en trekt impliciet een vergelijking met kabinetten waarvoor de gehele periode telt. Dat is niet zuiver.

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Je mag kiezen of je bent intellectueel niet in staat om de niet-zuiverheid te begrijpen of je bent het wel. Mocht je daar wel toe in staat zijn dan is het dus bewust. Dan vind ik populistisch nog een vriendelijk woord.