[Vulkanen] The ring of fire #6: Waar diverse vulkanen puffen

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This is pretty interesting news – the NASA Aqua satellite spotted an eruption going on at Mt. Curry* in the South Sandwich Islands. The South Sandwich Islands are located to the southeast of South America in an odd subduction zone where South America is subducting under the Sandwich microplate. Not much is known about Mt. Curry on Zavodovski Island – it is a basaltic stratovolcano (typical in island arcs) and it is thought to have last erupted in 1819, although the Global Volcanism Program lists a number of unconfirmed small eruptions as recently as 1930. These images of Curry from 2000 show that the volcano does produce minor plumes, so this could be more of a strong steam-and-ash plume than a new eruption. However, confirmation will be difficult as few people live in the South Sandwich Islands and Zavodovski Island is uninhabited, so we’ll likely be relying on remote sensing to track this eruption. This eruption has some shades of Nabro – remote, not well known and spotted by satellite first.

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Manum Island's volcano erupting

A new series of eruptions have begun on Manam Island off Madang in Papua New Guinea, with warnings to residents to take precautions.

Manum Island's volcano erupting

The volcano is one of the most active in PNG claiming several lives over the last decade.

Vents on the volcano are glowing at nights and explosions in the craters can be heard more than 15 kilometres away.

Ima Itakarai, the assistant director of the Rabaul Volcanology Observatory says it's possibility of a major explosion cannot be ruled out, but it's not imminent.

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Activity at Mt Tongariro on Northern Island of New Zealand
On Friday, I noted that GNS Science has seen an increase in volcanic seismicity at Tongariro, a volcanic complex on the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone on the North Island. Tongariro itself is made of the older Tongariro proper and the younger Ngauruhoe (famously the model for Mt. Doom in the Lord of the Rings movies). The initial information was that there were over 20 small volcanic earthquakes during a few days in mid-July, much higher than the normal background seismicity. Now it seems that volcanic gas emissions from Tongariro are up as well.

The latest GNS Science report says that although Tongariro does consistently release volcanic and hydrothermal gases, volcanic gas emissions are up significantly since the last measurement. Now, these gases are likely carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide (the typical gases measured for monitoring), which are not hazardous to people in low concentrations (only rarely does CO2 reach levels that can kill in volcanic settings). Even with these increases in volcanic gases, GNS Science has not raised the alert status beyond Level 1 (above typical background).

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Op maandag 6 augustus 2012 17:22 schreef mouzzer het volgende:

[..]

Dit is weer een andere, White Volcano is volgens mij een eiland voor de kust en de Tongariro ligt in een national park midden op noordereiland. Deze uitbarsting zou bij de Te Mari Crater zijn, hier te zien op de voorgrond:

[ afbeelding ]

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Evacuaties in Nicaragua vanwege vulkaan
In het noordwesten van Nicaragua zijn ongeveer 3000 inwoners geëvacueerd, nadat een vulkaan as en gas begon uit te stoten. De autoriteiten hebben militairen naar het gebied gestuurd, maar honderden mensen waren al uit zichzelf weggegaan.

De San Cristóbal-vulkaan begon gisterochtend te rommelen, kort nadat er explosies waren gehoord. Rond de vulkaan hangt een dikke rookwolk.

De autoriteiten verwachten de komende tijd meer uitbarstingen van de vulkaan.

De San Cristóbal is een van de actiefste vulkanen van Nicaragua. De afgelopen jaren zijn er geregeld kleine erupties geweest.

Nicaragua / El volcÃĄn San CristÃģbal en erupciÃģn...

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Fuego vulkaan in Guatemala ook weer actief
De vulkaan Fuego in de Midden-Amerikaanse staat Guatemala is weer actief. Aan de voet van de berg ligt de toeristische stad Antiguea, Fuego is één van de meest actieve vulkanen in de regio. Op dit moment spuugt Fuego een dikke rookpluim tot anderhalve kilometer de hoogte in.

Voorlopig is er geen gevaar voor de bewoners in de buurt, maar het luchtverkeer kan er last van ondervinden. In mei spuugde de vulkaan grote hoeveelheden as en lava uit.

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Op maandag 10 september 2012 18:02 schreef Stokkie_ het volgende:
Vulkanen wereldwijd zeer actief

Actief weekje afgelopen week

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Op maandag 10 september 2012 19:43 schreef stan12 het volgende:
Weet iemand iets meer over die bevingen in de Vesuvius? Kan niks vinden

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It 'returned to normal seismic activity in Campi Flegrei. Today, there have been no events that is beyond the ordinary, confirm the Observatory. The phenomenon, however, should not be underestimated and demands attention, he warns, the president of the Campania geologists, Francesco Peduto.

And meanwhile, the City has initiated inspections and controls in public, especially in schools. "What occurred yesterday morning is an event that demands attention. I can not see at the time, real situations of concern. Bradyseism This is a cyclical phenomenon that repeats itself, as the experience of the 70s and 80s reminds us - Peduto says - It 'important to assess the evolution of the situation in order to understand if it is a small crisis or something more substantial. "The movements of the earth continue, by 2005, in an upward phase of the soil, but have not reached the critical recorded yesterday morning with about 200 shocks in two hours and three events above magnitude 1, sequence 1.6, 1.1 and 1.5 all accompanied by explosions. The President of the Order of Geologists of Campania points the finger on strategies to cope with earthquakes and in particular on the preparation of evacuation plans. "We need to accelerate these projects - he says - We are ready to provide experts to collaborate and monitor the various situations." Meanwhile, the mayor, Vincent Figliola, he indicated that it introduce the personnel of the technical inspections for the verification of the public. Prepared a special map to check all school facilities that next week will resume in a complete activity and public buildings and municipal health office locations. From the initial findings did not reveal situations of structural damage to buildings, resulting from seismic events of yesterday.

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Russian Volcano Erupts After 36 Years of Inactivity

VLADIVOSTOK -- The Interfax news agency said the Plosky Tolbachik volcano started erupting on Tuesday night. It was the volcano's first eruption since 1976. Located in the Kamchatka Peninsula, the 3,085-meter high volcano erupted and spewed an ash column seven km. into the atmosphere. The ash cloud then started to move northwest as lava oozes down the southern slope of the volcano. The volcanic ash later fell in the villages of Krasny Yar and Maiskoye, creating a layer that is about four centimeters thick. The eruption prompted authorities to issued an orange alert although there is no significant risk to any populated area. Plosky Tolbachik is located in the southwestern section of the Klyuchevsky group of volcanoes in eastern Kamchatka and approximately 343 km. away from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Authorities observed a considerable increase in seismic activity and registered more than 130 volcanic tremors at Plosky Tolbachik.

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Op dinsdag 11 december 2012 19:21 schreef summer2bird het volgende:
En, zijn de vulkanen al een beetje op gang voor 21 december?

Fire, Lava & Smoke: Stunning video of erupting Russian volcano

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A volcano which started erupting in far east Russia late last month continued to spew lava, plumes of ash and smoke into the air on Sunday. The volcano has attracted tourists to the region despite temperatures down to minus 30 Celsius (minus 86 Fahrenheit). Local residents and tourists have been warned by authorities against visiting the area, citing the danger of hot lava and poisonous gases that come to the surface during the eruption

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Verhoogde activiteit bij de Stromboli
Sinds vier dagen neemt de activiteit van de vulkaan Stromboli toe in intensiteit. Het gelijknamige eiland in de Tyrrheense Zee is gehuld in een enorme rookwolk afkomstig van de vulkaan, zo meldt het Italiaanse geofysisch instituut.

De vulkaan is weliswaar permanent actief, maar zondagnacht vond een zware explosie plaats, waarna een lavastroom naar zee vloeide. Acht uur later was een enorme rookwolk te zien, vergezeld van een nieuwe lavastroom. De afgelopen uren werden 23 seismische bewegingen waargenomen.

Burgemeester Marco Giorgianni van Stromboli heeft zijn 500 burgers al laten weten dat de situatie onder controle is en dat ze geen enkel risico lopen. Het Italiaanse geofysisch en vulkanologisch instituut volgt de situatie op de voet.

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Japanese scientist predicts Mount Fuji to erupt by 2015

Ever since the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, seismologists and volcanologists have been keeping a close eye on Mount Fuji. According to Masaki Kimura, a professor emeritus at Ryukyu University, signs are pointing to an imminent explosion by 2015.

He says the volcano should have erupted in 2011 as well, but there is a usual four-year margin of error, which should run out by 2015. Also, the experts monitoring the activity of the volcano says its “magma chamber pressure” had risen to 1.6 megapascals. This is higher than the chamber pressure that preceded its last eruption more than 300 years ago, which was triggered by a massive earthquake near Osaka a month before.

Kimura also says that magma is rising from beneath Mt. Fuji and cracks in the crust have been increasing. Other signs to its impending eruption are the rising water level of nearby Lake Sai, numerous steam explosions and the increasing number of volcanic earthquakes. The partial collapse of the Sasago expressway tunnel in December last year which killed nine people wasn’t caused by an earthquake but may have been triggered by the deformation of the tunnel, which Kimura believes to be connected to Mt Fuji activity where “some things hanging above have been falling”.

In 2012, a huge fault line measuring 21 miles was discovered beneath Mt. Fuji and an earthquake along that fault line could actually cause the volcano to collapse entirely. Experts speculate that in the eventuality of an explosion, cost to human life would be low (due to slow-moving lava) but the damage to public and private property will be huge.

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Fuji eruption could force 567,000 people to evacuate

SHIZUOKA – An eruption of Mount Fuji could force some 567,000 people to evacuate their homes, according to a new estimate.

The projection is part of an evacuation plan crafted by the Shizuoka Prefectural Government that also says more than 130,000 people, comprising some 50,000 households, would have to relocate if lava were to reach residential districts in the city of Fuji, which lies just south of the 3,776-meter mountain.

Depending on the number and locations of vents, evacuation from wider areas could be needed. The plan is based on a hazard map prepared by the central government based on Fuji’s last eruption, in 1707.

Under the evacuation plan, 10 zones have been designated at the foot of the mountain based on the expected direction of lava flows.

The plan specifies evacuation zones in four grades.

The Yamanashi Prefectural Government is preparing a similar evacuation plan.

Plans will be finalized at a consultation forum involving Shizuoka, Yamanashi and Kanagawa prefectures and the central government. Joint evacuation drills in the three prefectures will also be conducted.

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Alertlevel at Sabancaya (Peru) volcano raised to orange
Over the past few days, the Peruvian Geologic Survey (Ingemmet) has noted a sharp increase in seismicity underneath one of the more active volcano’s in the southern part of the country: Sabancaya. Over 500 earthquakes were recorded under the volcano between February 22-23 and with an accompanying increase in fumarole emissions (steam and volcanic gases) from the summit (see above), Ingemmet chose to raise the alert status at Sabancaya to Orange. The fumarolic activity at the summit is especially notable the new steam/gas plume reached over 100 meters over the volcano (although this can also be mitigated by weather conditions) — and closely followed the onset of the new seismicity.

Interestingly, before this new seismic swarm and fumarolic activity began, I noted on Twitter an interesting sequence of earthquakes near Sabancaya. On February 22, three M4.9-5.3 earthquakes struck within 2 hours of each other ~30-40 km to the northeast of the volcano (see below). All these earthquakes were fairly shallow (10-18 km) — in fact, much shallow than much of the historic seismicity in the area. I noted the earthquakes because of their location between Sabancaya and another large Peruvian volcano, El Misti. Now, this is where we have to worry about chickens and eggs — there is no evidence for a connect between these earthquakes and the new unrest at Sabancaya. [SPECULATION] However, it does leave open the potential that (a) the earthquakes could have triggered this new unrest or (b) the earthquakes are part of the new unrest. Under option (a), these earthquakes might not have been directly related to magmatic activity/movement, but their proximity to Sabancaya disturbed the magmatic or hydrothermal system at the volcano. Under option (b), these earthquakes could be the intrusion of a new batch of magmatic itself — however, their distance from Sabancaya seems a little far for that to be the case. My [wild] hunch here might be that the three earthquakes might have “jostled” the hydrothermal system at Sabancaya, producing an increase in hydrothermal flow leading to more intense fumaroles and resulting in an earthquake swarm as the hydrothermal system re-establishes itself. Now, this is not to say that magma movement under the volcano isn’t a potential cause as well — as Ingemmet collects more data, such as the types/amounts of volcanic gases in the fumaroles and can survey the volcano looking for deformation, their geologists can then make a more definitive statement about the nature of the unrest at Sabancaya. Jersy Mariņo Salaza from Ingemmet did, however, mention that this unrest is similar to the unrest prior to the volcano’s eruptions in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

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Alaska volcano threatens to blow
Anchorage - Another volcano in Alaska is heating up, with seismic instruments signalling a possible eruption.

The Alaska Volcano Observatory says tremors were detected Monday at Pavlof Volcano, 1 000km southwest of Anchorage.

John Power, the US Geological Survey scientist in charge at the observatory, said satellite imagery shows the volcano is "very, very hot".

Pavlof is 60km from the community of Cold Bay. The volcano last erupted in 2007.

It's the second Alaska volcano to rumble this month.

Cleveland Volcano, on an uninhabited island in the Aleutian Islands, experienced a low-level eruption in early May.

Power said satellite imagery shows the volcano continues to discharge steam, gas and heat, although no ash clouds have been detected in the past week.

Cleveland is not monitored with seismic instruments.