[Vulkanen] The Ring of Fire #9: Activiteit in de vulkaanwereld

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Op maandag 24 november 2025 11:49 schreef xpompompomx het volgende:
Flinke BIEM in Ethiopië:
[ afbeelding ]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayli_Gubbi

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(helaas is tweets embedden in Fok nog maar amper te doen)

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Vulkaan in Ethiopië barst voor het eerst in duizenden jaren uit

In Ethiopië is een vulkaan uitgebarsten die voor zover bekend duizenden jaren inactief was. Het gaat om de Hayli Gubbi, in het noorden van het land. De vulkaan ligt in een gebied met meerdere actieve vulkanen, maar was zelf dus lange tijd slapend.

De uitbarsting begon gisteren. Op beelden is een kilometershoge aswolk te zien.

Het gebied rond de vulkaan is zeer dunbevolkt. Lokale autoriteiten en Ethiopische media maken geen melding van schade of slachtoffers. De uitbarsting is inmiddels gestopt.

Het Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Center, dat na uitbarstingen wereldwijd aswolken monitort, zegt dat asdeeltjes tussen 7 en 13 kilometer de lucht in zijn geslingerd. De aswolk trekt over Jemen en Oman de Indische Oceaan op. Het Franse instituut verwacht dat de wolk morgen de Himalaya bereikt.

De Hayli Gubbi ligt in de buurt van de Erta Ale. Die vulkaan is geregeld actief en trekt daardoor ook toeristen naar het gebied in Noord-Ethiopië. Dat ligt op de zogeheten Grote Slenk, waar twee tektonische platen uit elkaar bewegen.

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Hayli Gubbi volcano erupts for the first time in recorded history, Ethiopia

Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia erupted for the first time in at least 12 000 years on November 23, 2025, marking its first confirmed Holocene activity. The eruption generated a plume rising to about 14 km (46 000 feet) above sea level before drifting toward the Arabian Peninsula. Updated satellite data from IASI-C on November 24 detected a large SO2 plume between 5 km (16 400 feet) and 17 km (55 800 feet), with a center-of-mass height near 16 km (52 500 feet) and a total mass loading of 58.4 kt.

Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia’s Afar Rift Volcanic Province erupted at about 08:30 UTC on November 23, 2025. This is the first confirmed Holocene eruption of the volcano and the first documented eruptive activity in the instrumental record.

The Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) issued multiple advisories throughout the day as ash and gas spread across the region, initially rising to roughly 3 km (10 000 feet) above sea level and later reaching approximately 14 km (46 000 feet) during the strongest phase of the eruption.

By 20:00 UTC on November 23, VAAC Toulouse confirmed that the eruption had stopped, but residual ash up to around 5.2–6.1 km (17 000–20 000 feet) above sea level continued to drift over Ethiopia.

Updated advisories issued early on November 24 reported that the upper-level plume, containing both ash and SO2, had moved east and northeast across the Red Sea and was located over Yemen and Oman at altitudes of up to about 14 km (46 000 feet).

At present, no confirmed reports of casualties or major damage in nearby settlements have been reported, but the remote setting and wide-area ash/gas dispersal raise potential concerns for communities, livestock and infrastructure.

Forecast dispersion data suggest continued transport of ash and gas toward the Arabian Peninsula and the western Indian Ocean. Wind shear produced a split plume structure, with lower-level ash drifting southeast at roughly 9 km/h (6 mph) and upper-level material moving east-northeast.

Updated SO2 measurements from the Support to Aviation Control Service (SACS) using IASI-C at 06:31 UTC on November 24 showed that a large and elevated SO2 plume remained in the atmosphere after the end of eruptive activity.

The retrieval reported maximum SO2 values of 15.1 DU near 14.39° N, 45.08° E, with plume heights between 5 km (16 400 feet) and 17 km (55 800 feet). The center-of-mass height was detected near 16 km (52 500 feet), suggesting that most of the remaining SO2 is concentrated at upper-tropospheric to lower-stratospheric levels.

Total SO2 mass loading reached 58.405 kt, and the plume area expanded to approximately 842 145 km2 (325 100 mi2), drifting eastward toward the Arabian Peninsula and the western Indian Ocean.

According to the Smithsonian Institution’s Global Volcanism Program (GVP), Hayli Gubbi has no known eruptions during the Holocene. The volcano is located in the southernmost edifice of the Erta Ale Range.

Recent tectonism has formed a summit graben occupied by a symmetrical scoria cone with a 200 m (650 feet) wide crater displaying fumarolic activity. An older shield volcano is overlain by recent fissure-fed lava flows to the north.

Lava flows from the southern axial fissure system have reached the floor of the Giulietti Plain, covering sedimentary deposits dated to about 8 200 years. Open fissures extend for more than 10 km (6.2 miles) and contain numerous small spatter cones and pit craters.