SPL Forum-, Topic- en Userspellen
Van tikkertje tot raad je plaatje en nog veel verder...
This chapter has sought to respond to the dilemma inherent in the provision of
humanitarian aid in complex emergencies in general and more specifically
regarding Angola. As the attempt to interrogate the political use of aid as part of
peace-building initiatives has illustrated, there are no quick or easy answers to
these challenges. The issues are complex and demand a differentiated approach,
which takes particular conflict structures and situations into account.
In Angola, thus far, neither humanitarian actors nor donors have questioned
their policies, not even under wider aspects of primum non-nocere. This may be
explained by the belief that Angola’s civil conflict is not perceived as a war where
humanitarian aid fuels the war economy. Both conflict participants possess other
means to grease their war machines. Over the next six years it is estimated that
the government of Angola will receive approximately US $1,4 billion to US $2,7
billion per annum from the oil industry, excluding signature bonuses or other
once-off payments.117 The resources available to UNITA through diamonds are
much less, but remain significant. Since the Angolan government is under
immense pressure from its highly indebted economy, foreign development and
humanitarian assistance organisations are welcomed to take over sectors that the
government has abandoned. Thus, one can argue that aid enhances the government’s
financial situation insofar as basic social services are taken over by aid
agencies. However, to speak of aid as an essential resource of the Angolan conflict
would be stretching the point. It remains appropriate to speak of an instrumentalisation
of aid, especially in the context of ‘negotiated access’, where
humanitarian assistance has become a bargaining chip for both sides.118
Wittingly or unwittingly, humanitarian actors have played a critical role in the
privatisation of the Angolan state and its de-linkage from society. Neither humanitarian
actors nor the donor community question the existing structures within
Angola. Humanitarian actors mainly abstain from a critical approach for security
reasons and the fear of governmental harassment. Their attitude also partly
reflects the logic of relief activities, which is derived from a natural disaster
model that pays little attention to social or political factors. The international
community placed Angola high on the donor agenda but concentrated mainly on
curing symptoms and not the underlying causes.
Undoubtedly, humanitarian assistance has saved and still saves many lives.
But, without a coordinated and sustained initiative to place the whole complexity
of Angola’s crisis within the political agenda, humanitarian assistance
remains a fig leaf covering the absence of political action.
Angola is trapped in a humanitarian tragedy that is partially caused by the war
but also has been perpetuated by a weak and dysfunctional state. These dysfunctions
cannot only be blamed on 25 years of warfare. Within any future peace-building
initiative a comprehensive and holistic approach has to be developed, tackling
the institutional weaknesses of the Angolan state. The ruling elite has to reassume
authority over the responsibilities it has divested. One of the main objectives must
134 Angola’s war economy
be to re-establish responsiveness between ruling elite and society. This is not only
fundamental for success in the humanitarian and developmental fields but also for
envisaged processes of peace and democratisation in the future. As the former US
President Dwight D. Eisenhower noted, “Food can be a powerful instrument for all
the free world in building a durable peace”. But one has to address causes and not
only symptoms.
humanitarian aid in complex emergencies in general and more specifically
regarding Angola. As the attempt to interrogate the political use of aid as part of
peace-building initiatives has illustrated, there are no quick or easy answers to
these challenges. The issues are complex and demand a differentiated approach,
which takes particular conflict structures and situations into account.
In Angola, thus far, neither humanitarian actors nor donors have questioned
their policies, not even under wider aspects of primum non-nocere. This may be
explained by the belief that Angola’s civil conflict is not perceived as a war where
humanitarian aid fuels the war economy. Both conflict participants possess other
means to grease their war machines. Over the next six years it is estimated that
the government of Angola will receive approximately US $1,4 billion to US $2,7
billion per annum from the oil industry, excluding signature bonuses or other
once-off payments.117 The resources available to UNITA through diamonds are
much less, but remain significant. Since the Angolan government is under
immense pressure from its highly indebted economy, foreign development and
humanitarian assistance organisations are welcomed to take over sectors that the
government has abandoned. Thus, one can argue that aid enhances the government’s
financial situation insofar as basic social services are taken over by aid
agencies. However, to speak of aid as an essential resource of the Angolan conflict
would be stretching the point. It remains appropriate to speak of an instrumentalisation
of aid, especially in the context of ‘negotiated access’, where
humanitarian assistance has become a bargaining chip for both sides.118
Wittingly or unwittingly, humanitarian actors have played a critical role in the
privatisation of the Angolan state and its de-linkage from society. Neither humanitarian
actors nor the donor community question the existing structures within
Angola. Humanitarian actors mainly abstain from a critical approach for security
reasons and the fear of governmental harassment. Their attitude also partly
reflects the logic of relief activities, which is derived from a natural disaster
model that pays little attention to social or political factors. The international
community placed Angola high on the donor agenda but concentrated mainly on
curing symptoms and not the underlying causes.
Undoubtedly, humanitarian assistance has saved and still saves many lives.
But, without a coordinated and sustained initiative to place the whole complexity
of Angola’s crisis within the political agenda, humanitarian assistance
remains a fig leaf covering the absence of political action.
Angola is trapped in a humanitarian tragedy that is partially caused by the war
but also has been perpetuated by a weak and dysfunctional state. These dysfunctions
cannot only be blamed on 25 years of warfare. Within any future peace-building
initiative a comprehensive and holistic approach has to be developed, tackling
the institutional weaknesses of the Angolan state. The ruling elite has to reassume
authority over the responsibilities it has divested. One of the main objectives must
134 Angola’s war economy
be to re-establish responsiveness between ruling elite and society. This is not only
fundamental for success in the humanitarian and developmental fields but also for
envisaged processes of peace and democratisation in the future. As the former US
President Dwight D. Eisenhower noted, “Food can be a powerful instrument for all
the free world in building a durable peace”. But one has to address causes and not
only symptoms.
XFA SC #91: Een extra lang weeeeekkkkkeeeeeeeeeeeend!
“I am become a sour woman, I take no joy in mead nor meat, and song and laughter have become suspicious strangers to me. I am a creature of grief and dust and bitter longings. There is an empty place within me where my heart was once.”
quote:Mijn forumvriendjes gebaseerd op het jaar 2009:
Jotcha
Tijgertje.
mstr
Noortje.
Hyman
Surveillance-Fiets
Desunoto
RenRen-
Tazar_Yoot
nijnja
-SG-
Renesite
KingGone
Sjoegerd
x3ro
MarkM
Heroinjunk
Bravebart
Blaxje
TwyLight
Daniane
Mr.DD
Mozy
Syana
tliciouz
ImTheBase
Juicyhil
BurnaBoy
Onorgineel
Plums
Dionysiou
xalo
Schieganger
Pinkerton
blckbb
Myraela
Dagoduck
Rauw.
Lauriette91
BasOne
livalo
remmertjuh
tong80
naatje_1
Dark_Angelus
Peterselieman
Jimbo
kanovinnie
Probinski
Smijn.
Op zaterdag 28 april 2012 00:09 schreef Klinkerbotsing het volgende:
Lieve jongeman ben jij. :@
Op woensdag 8 juli 2020 18:58 schreef PoezeligDing het volgende:
:* My one and only, master, king , whatever. THE ZER! O+
Lieve jongeman ben jij. :@
Op woensdag 8 juli 2020 18:58 schreef PoezeligDing het volgende:
:* My one and only, master, king , whatever. THE ZER! O+
$join_mode=getClubSetting("join",$club_id);
ChinaCheep: Goedkoop shoppen in China
Ook ik gebruik Bitcoin :3
Adres: 15kvR6gZTkRQCF9FU4vopbxTqQeDfeW47K
Ook ik gebruik Bitcoin :3
Adres: 15kvR6gZTkRQCF9FU4vopbxTqQeDfeW47K
erwin - 8108139dpths
Abonnement FOK!free abonnement
Geregistreerd 03-08-2009
Laatste update 22-05-2010
Geslacht Man
Geboortedatum 13-08-1981
Woonplaats Purmerend
Favo FOK!kers LovelyLady, Sistyria, laforest, Pixie (:9~), DeLuna, DW, Marijke, huppel, Ez, Ratelslangetje, draakje, trev, kuukel
Aantal forumposts 26.558 »
Aantal reacties 648
Laatste voyeur Anonieme_Fokker
Ja, hoi!
Abonnement FOK!free abonnement
Geregistreerd 03-08-2009
Laatste update 22-05-2010
Geslacht Man
Geboortedatum 13-08-1981
Woonplaats Purmerend
Favo FOK!kers LovelyLady, Sistyria, laforest, Pixie (:9~), DeLuna, DW, Marijke, huppel, Ez, Ratelslangetje, draakje, trev, kuukel
Aantal forumposts 26.558 »
Aantal reacties 648
Laatste voyeur Anonieme_Fokker
Ja, hoi!
Op zaterdag 28 april 2012 00:09 schreef Klinkerbotsing het volgende:
Lieve jongeman ben jij. :@
Op woensdag 8 juli 2020 18:58 schreef PoezeligDing het volgende:
:* My one and only, master, king , whatever. THE ZER! O+
Lieve jongeman ben jij. :@
Op woensdag 8 juli 2020 18:58 schreef PoezeligDing het volgende:
:* My one and only, master, king , whatever. THE ZER! O+
Jij bent water! Je bent kalm, soms verlegen en bedachtzaam. Je wilt mensen graag helpen en daar maak je meestal vrienden mee. Je kan bijna gedachtelezen en je gevoelens goed uiten.
The Shawshank Redemption
Ohja, ik weet het alweer. Typte het in bij twitter en ik wilde het ff googlen, kijken of ik het goed gespeld had
Ohja, ik weet het alweer. Typte het in bij twitter en ik wilde het ff googlen, kijken of ik het goed gespeld had
I never look back, darling. It distracts from the now.
♥
♥
goedemiddag allen 
Het hoofd van de afvaardiging begon het liedje spontaan te zingen en alle aanwezige journalisten begonnen spontaan mee te klappen.
Ga maar naar hey enne ho, enne SwompSwompSwomp
Op zaterdag 28 april 2012 00:09 schreef Klinkerbotsing het volgende:
Lieve jongeman ben jij. :@
Op woensdag 8 juli 2020 18:58 schreef PoezeligDing het volgende:
:* My one and only, master, king , whatever. THE ZER! O+
Lieve jongeman ben jij. :@
Op woensdag 8 juli 2020 18:58 schreef PoezeligDing het volgende:
:* My one and only, master, king , whatever. THE ZER! O+
