Het is trouwens ook altijd wel hilarisch als moslims beginnen over 'gelijke rechten'. Een kleine greep uit de situatie in de regio:
Jordanië:quote:
While Jordan's constitution states that there should be no discrimination based on religion, there are legal and societal distinctions between Muslims and non-Muslims that affect equal rights.
Here's a breakdown of the situation:
Legal Framework and Constitutional Provisions:
• Constitution: Jordan's constitution declares Islam as the state religion. It also states that Jordanians are equal before the law with no discrimination based on religion. However, it only guarantees the freedom to practice religious rituals for religions recognized by the state.
• Apostasy and Conversion: While there are no civil law penalties for converting from Islam, Sharia courts, which handle personal status matters for Muslims, do not recognize such conversions. This can lead to serious consequences, as individuals declared "apostates" may have their marriages annulled and be disinherited. Children of a convert are still considered Muslim.
• Insulting Religion: The penal code criminalizes acts that "offend religious feelings" or "incite hatred," with harsher penalties for insulting the Prophet Muhammad. These laws have been used to prosecute individuals, including atheists, and can limit freedom of speech and expression on religious topics.
Personal Status Law and Family Matters:
• [bSeparate Legal Systems:[/b] Muslims are subject to Sharia courts for personal status and family matters such as marriage, divorce, and inheritance.
• Non-Muslims: Recognized Christian denominations have their own ecclesiastical courts to handle these matters for their members.
• Unrecognized Groups: Other religious groups that are not officially recognized by the government face significant challenges. They may struggle to register their marriages and the religious affiliation of their children, as they do not have their own courts.
Religious Freedom and Discrimination:
• Official Recognition: While the government officially recognizes a number of Christian denominations, it has denied recognition to others, such as Baha'is and Jehovah's Witnesses.
• Freedom of Expression: Laws against "insulting religious beliefs" or "fomenting sectarian strife" can limit the freedom of speech, particularly for those who criticize Islam or other recognized religions. This can also lead to self-censorship among journalists and citizens.
• Employment and Public Life: While Christians can serve in parliament and as ministers (with a number of parliamentary seats reserved for them), there may be a bias toward Muslims in government and armed forces promotions.
In summary, while the Jordanian constitution provides a foundation for equality, the legal system and societal norms create an environment where Muslims and non-Muslims do not have fully equal rights, particularly concerning personal status, religious conversion, and freedom of expression.
Bron: Google Gemini
Egypte:quote:
While the Egyptian Constitution guarantees "absolute freedom of belief" and prohibits discrimination based on religion, the reality is that the legal system and societal practices create an environment where Muslims and non-Muslims do not have equal rights.
Here's a detailed breakdown of the key areas of disparity:
1. Legal and Constitutional Framework:
• State Religion and Sharia: The constitution declares Islam as the official state religion and states that the principles of Sharia (Islamic law) are the primary source of legislation. This provides a legal basis for laws that favor Islam.
• Recognized Religions: The constitution officially recognizes only Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. This means that adherents of other faiths, such as Baha'is and Jehovah's Witnesses, face significant legal and bureaucratic obstacles. They may be denied essential documents like marriage licenses and birth certificates unless they omit or falsify their religious identity.
2. Personal Status and Family Law:
• Separate Legal Systems: Egypt operates a system of personal status laws based on an individual's religion. Muslims are subject to Sharia courts, while Christians and Jews have their own canonical courts.
• Conversion: Conversion to Islam is generally permitted without difficulty. However, individuals who convert from Islam to another faith, particularly Christianity, face severe legal and bureaucratic hurdles. Authorities may not recognize the conversion, and converts can face prosecution for "document fraud" and even be detained.
• Interfaith Marriage: A Muslim man is legally permitted to marry a non-Muslim woman (Christian or Jewish), and Islamic law will govern the marriage. However, a Muslim woman is prohibited from marrying a non-Muslim man. If a Christian man marries a Muslim woman, he must convert to Islam for the marriage to be legally recognized.
• Inheritance: While the principles of Islamic law typically give men a greater share of inheritance than women, a new draft law for Christians aims to establish gender equality in inheritance for the Christian community.
3. Freedom of Expression and Blasphemy Laws:
• Penal Code: The penal code includes provisions against "insulting religious feelings" or "disdaining a heavenly religion." While these laws apply to all three recognized religions, they are disproportionately used to prosecute non-Muslims and Muslims with non-orthodox views.
• Censorship and Surveillance: The government uses these laws to limit freedom of speech and expression on religious topics. Journalists, authors, and citizens have been prosecuted for content deemed offensive, and security services reportedly monitor converts from Islam.
4. Public Life and Church Construction:
• Church Building: While a 2016 law was intended to simplify the process of legalizing churches, significant bureaucratic hurdles remain. The approval process for churches is still much more difficult than for mosques, and many Christian communities are forced to worship in unlicensed buildings, making them vulnerable to harassment and violence.
• Underrepresentation: Christians, despite being the largest religious minority, are reportedly underrepresented in key areas of public life, such as law enforcement, national security, and public office.
In conclusion, while Egypt's constitution espouses a principle of non-discrimination, the country's legal and social framework is not equal for all. Muslims generally enjoy a privileged status, while non-Muslims, particularly those from unrecognized faiths, face systemic discrimination, legal barriers, and social hostility.
Bron: Google Gemini
Saoedie-Arabië:quote:
In Saudi Arabia, there are not equal rights for Muslims and non-Muslims. The country is an Islamic absolute monarchy where the legal and social systems are based on a strict interpretation of Sunni Islamic law (Sharia). This leads to significant legal and social disparities.
Here's a breakdown of the key areas of inequality:
1. Legal and Constitutional Framework:
• State Religion: Islam is the official state religion, and the Qur'an and Sunnah (traditions of the Prophet Muhammad) serve as the country's constitution. Freedom of religion is not legally protected.
• Conversion and Apostasy: Converting from Islam to another religion (apostasy) is a crime legally punishable by death, although courts have not carried out a death sentence for apostasy in recent years. Proselytizing for religions other than Islam is also illegal.
• Citizenship: Non-Muslim foreigners who want to acquire Saudi citizenship must convert to Islam. Children born to a Muslim father are legally considered Muslim.
2. Religious Practice and Expression:
• Public vs. Private Worship: The public practice of any religion other than Islam is strictly prohibited. While the government officially allows private worship for non-Muslims in homes, the distinction between public and private is not clearly defined, and non-Muslims have been arrested for engaging in religious activities that attract official attention.
• Religious Materials: The public display of non-Islamic religious symbols is illegal, and religious materials such as Bibles have been confiscated by customs officials.
• Places of Worship: There are no public churches, temples, or other non-Muslim places of worship.
Holy Sites: Non-Muslims are strictly forbidden from entering the holy city of Mecca, and access to certain areas in Medina, Islam's second holiest city, is also restricted.
3. Discrimination in the Legal System:
• Testimony in Court: The testimony of non-practicing Muslims or those who do not adhere to the official interpretation of Islam may be discounted in court.
• Compensation for Damages: In cases of accidental death or injury, the compensation (diyah) a non-Muslim receives is often significantly less than what a Muslim male would receive. For example, a Christian or Jew may be entitled to only half the compensation of a Muslim male, while people from polytheistic religions may receive even less.
• Shia Minority: The Shia Muslim minority in Saudi Arabia also faces discrimination, including restrictions on their religious practices and limits on employment opportunities in government and other sectors.
In summary, Saudi Arabia's legal and social structure is fundamentally unequal, with a clear hierarchy that places Muslims, specifically those who adhere to the official state-sanctioned interpretation of Sunni Islam, at the top. The lack of legal protections for religious freedom and the criminalization of activities related to other faiths create an environment of systemic discrimination and legal vulnerability for non-Muslims.
Bron: Google Gemini
En zelfs een land als Marokko:
quote:
In Morocco, the rights of Muslims and non-Muslims are not equal, despite constitutional guarantees of religious freedom. The country's legal and social framework prioritizes Islam as the state religion, creating a number of legal and practical disparities.
Here are the key areas of inequality:
1. Legal and Constitutional Framework:
• State Religion: The Moroccan constitution declares Islam as the state religion. The King holds the title of "Commander of the Faithful" and is the protector of Islam.
• Freedom of Religion: While the constitution guarantees freedom of thought, expression, and the "practice of religious affairs," it recognizes Islam and Judaism as the country's native religions. Other faiths are considered "foreign," and this distinction affects their legal status and rights.
• Laws Against "Undermining the Faith": Moroccan law criminalizes "undermining the Islamic religion" and "employing enticements to undermine the faith" or convert a Muslim. While voluntary conversion is not a crime, proselytizing by non-Muslims is illegal and can lead to imprisonment.
2. Personal Status and Family Law:
• Separate Legal Systems: Muslims are subject to Islamic family law (Sharia) for personal status matters, while Jews have their own set of laws and rabbinical courts. For all other religious groups, including Moroccan Christians, Muslim judges trained in Maliki-Ashari Sunni Islam administer their personal status matters.
• Interfaith Marriage: A Muslim man may marry a Christian or Jewish woman. However, a Muslim woman is prohibited from marrying a non-Muslim man unless he converts to Islam.
• Child Guardianship: Non-Muslims must formally convert to Islam to become guardians of abandoned or orphaned children.
3. Social and Societal Discrimination:
• Religious Practice: While non-Muslims, particularly foreigners, can practice their religion in private, local Christians and other minority groups often do so discreetly out of fear of social harassment and ostracism.
• Proselytizing: The government actively discourages proselytizing and has used its authority to expel foreigners accused of such activities.
Blasphemy Laws: Laws against "undermining the Islamic religion" are used to prosecute individuals for actions or speech perceived as insulting to Islam, leading to self-censorship and a chilling effect on freedom of expression.
Religious Minorities: Minority religious groups that are not recognized by the constitution, such as Shia Muslims, Baháʼís, and some Christian denominations, face difficulty registering as associations, which is necessary to conduct business, own property, and have legal recognition.
In conclusion, despite a constitution that guarantees some religious freedoms, the legal and social reality in Morocco is one where Muslims enjoy a privileged status and non-Muslims, especially converts from Islam, face significant legal and social barriers that prevent them from having equal rights.
Bron: Google Gemini
Conclusie: of er is eigenlijk alle (Arabische en) Islamitische landen gewoon openlijke discriminatie of een schijn van gelijke rechten maar discriminatie en onderdrukking in de praktijk. En dit zijn dan de mensen die jammeren om 'gelijke rechten' als het aankomt op Israël.
'I moved to Peru and shaved half my head and wrote for Teen Vogue. If I can come back from the depths of leftism, trust me, anyone can.' - Gina Florio