[Vulkanen] The ring of fire #6: Waar diverse vulkanen puffen

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Magma rising in Washington state's Mount St. Helens volcano

(Reuters) - Magma levels are slowly rebuilding inside Mount St. Helens, a volcano in Washington state that erupted in 1980 and killed 57 people, although there was no sign of an impending eruption, U.S. scientists said.

The roughly 8,300-foot volcano erupted in an explosion of hot ash and gas on May 18, 1980, spewing debris over some 230 square miles and causing more than a billion dollars in property damage. Entire forests were crushed and river systems altered in the blast, which began with a 5.2 magnitude earthquake.

"The magma reservoir beneath Mount St. Helens has been slowly re-pressurizing since 2008," the U.S. Geological Survey said in a statement on Wednesday. "It is likely that re-pressurization is caused by (the) arrival of a small amount of additional magma 4 to 8 km (2.5 to 5 miles) beneath the surface."

The USGS said this is to be expected with an active volcano and does not indicate "the volcano is likely to erupt anytime soon."

The USGS, and the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network at University of Washington, closely monitor ground deformation and seismicity at the volcano. This summer, they will also measure its released gases and gravity field, measurements that can be used to monitor subsurface magma and forecast eruptions.

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Evacuations near volcano in El Salvador
At least 1,000 people living near the Chaparrastique volcano have been evacuated as a precautionary measure after seismic activity increased at the volcano, Salvadoran civil protection authorities said Monday.

There was an explosion early Monday and the volcano then spewed reddish ash, officials said.

The Civil Protection Department said in a statement that an alert had been declared for the municipality of San Miguel, where the volcano is located. The city of San Miguel itself is 50 kilometres from the volcano. It is one of the largest cities in the Central American country.

The 2,129-metre volcano is about 145 kilometres east of San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador.

The volcano's last significant eruption was in 1976.

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Op donderdag 29 mei 2014 11:53 schreef Treehut362 het volgende:
De Bromo is de bekendste vulkaan op het eiland Java, Indonesië.
[ afbeelding ]

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Op donderdag 29 mei 2014 12:14 schreef Treehut362 het volgende:

[..]

mijn vader is er geweest

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Alaska Pavlof Volcano Erupts: Alert Level At Orange

The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) issued a red alert warning this week when the Pavlof Volcano shifted into an intense eruption, sending ash 22,000 feet into the air.

Pavlof is located in an uninhabited region of the Alaska Peninsula, 625 miles southwest of Anchorage.

This is the state's first red alert since 2009, Reuters reports, when Mount Redoubt sent ash flying 50,000 feet into the air, disrupting air traffic.

This week's eruption didn't aggravate airline activity.

Pavlof's alert level was slightly lowered to Orange by late Tuesday because seismic tremors had decreased for the past 12 hours, but scientists are still watching the volcano closely.

"It can erupt for weeks or months," observatory research geologist Michelle Coombs told Reuters.

The event over the weekend was unusual because scientists did not initially detect elevated seismicity below the mountain. Instead, scientists using satellite signals detected elevated surface temperatures late Friday afternoon.

A lava flow began from a vent on the north side of the mountain a few hundred meters from the peak, and scientists began to see plumes heading to the east and northeast at 9,000 to 10,000 feet.

Around 3 p.m. Monday, there was a considerable uptick in seismicity, according to Game McGimsey, a volcanologist at the observatory, prompting the red warning alert.

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Volcanoes are waking up in the Aleutians
Sharply increased seismic activity and volcanic eruptions in the Aleutian Islands and the far western Brooks Range are being investigated by scientists.

The Alaska Volcano Observatory says the activity over the past few months is the most seen by the station 26 years.

On the Alaska Volcano Observatory website three volcanoes are classified with a yellow alert level—signifying signs of elevated unrest above known background levels—and three are at an orange alert level—heightened unrest with increased likelihood of eruption.

Orange is the second-highest alert level after red signifying an eruption that is imminent or underway.

Pavlof Volcano released an ash plum in May that diverted aircraft. The 8,262-foot (2,518-meter) tall volcano erupted sending ash plumes as high as 30,000 feet (9,144 meters). Aircraft were advised to avoid the area since ash could damage airplane engines.

With heightened activity from all volcanoes, scientists still don't have enough information to point to any larger trend or activity.

"At this point, you know, we have to say it’s coincidental," he said in an interview with radio station KTOO News.

"It could be that there is a larger process at work, but we’re not able to say what that is at this point in time, or if there is such a process. You know, perhaps the answer is we haven’t been looking long enough to know."

The government agency posted news updates on its Facebook page today showing elevated surface temperatures at the summit of Shishaldin Volcano.

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San Cristobal (El Salvador) unleashes steam and ash
At about 1:50 pm the San Cristobal volcano, located in the department of Chinandega reported an explosion, according to El Nuevo Diario reported Maj. Carlos Caceres Mendoza, departmental head of the Civil Defense in this department, where also several people managed see a column of smoke between 80 to 100 meters, throwing colossus material between ash and sand.

Neighbors sector of the region "The Greece 1, 2 and 3" were observed ash and fine sand that fell on the road, thrown by the volcano as well as residents of the estates "La Roja", "Flags", near to San Cristobal.

In this situation, the Civil Defense Chinandega is under continuous observation of the volcano who informed that this is a gasification process of the Colossus and watch him be for any damage that may be caused in the regions close to San Cristobal.

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teideano twitterde op dinsdag 22-07-2014 om 12:07:59 Extreme vibration at San Miguel #volcano in El Salvador. Increíble el estado sísmico del #volcàn San Miguel. #science http://t.co/n624Sybi8k reageer retweet

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Lava Continues to Flow from Volcano Kilauea

Islands, is oozing out lava. But Big Island Civil Defense officials who flew over the lava flow on Monday stated that there is no immediate threat.

"It's very slow. The surface flow, whenever it's on the surface, has been very, very slow moving and that's why we're saying it's not posing any imminent threat", affirmed Darryl Oliveira, Big Island Civil Defense director.

Till now, the lava is not moving through rapidly and also, it is not a stream of lava. Lava is around 1.2 miles from the eastern boundary of the Wao Kele O Puna forest reserve. For now, people residing nearby have not been asked to evacuate their respective places.

Right now, the situation is under control. And, even if there will be a need to evacuate the region, residents will be having sufficient time to do the same.

In 1983, Kilauea erupted for the first time. Since then, continuous eruptions have been taking place. Experts shared that main concern is since its first eruption, new openings have been forming. On June 27, a new vent was formed and through these vents, lava reaches the surface.

Authorities concerned said that people around the area are regularly updated about the situation. They are well aware that the current situation will not affect their homes. Scientists have been keeping a check on the vent, as it can prove problematic in the coming time.

Researchers have not been able to come to know the exact path of the lava flow. As per scientists, changes in the amount of flow have been acting as hurdle to know the detailed path.

Hawaii County officials made an announcement that this week two community meetings will be held. In these meetings, the latest updates on lava flow threatening residential areas will be discussed. One of the meetings will be on September 2 and another will be on September 4 from 6.30 to 8pm in Pahoa High School cafeteria.

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Kilauea lava flow could potentially threaten homes

Scientists at the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory are closely monitoring an active lava flow that, if it continues to advance, could threaten residential areas or infrastructure in the coming weeks to months.

The June 27th lava flow, named for the date it began erupting, is advancing to the northeast of its vent on the flank of Pu’u ‘Ō’ō on Kīlauea Volcano’s East Rift Zone.

As of Friday, August 22, the front of the flow was 10.7 km (6.6 mi) northeast of the vent. At this point, scientists say it is not an immediate threat.

HVO scientists, who mapped the flow during an overflight Friday morning, report that the flow was active along two fronts. The northern branch was advancing northeastward across fairly flat land, while the southern branch had flowed into a ground crack within the rift zone. By tracing the steam issuing from the crack, lava is inferred to have advanced 1.4 km (0.9 mi) over the past four days, putting it 3.8 km (2.4 mi) from the eastern boundary of the Wao Kele o Puna Forest Reserve.

The difficulty in forecasting the flow’s exact path is that “downhill of the flow” can be affected by subtle variations in topography, changes in lava supply and where and how lava enters or exits ground cracks along the rift zone.

The June 27th lava flow is advancing through a heavily forested area on Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone. This area of the rift zone is exceedingly hazardous to hikers as it is highly fractured, with numerous, deep ground cracks that are difficult to see because of the heavy vegetation. Another hazard in the area includes methane explosions that occur when lava flows over vegetated land.

The June 27th lava flow is currently within the Kahaualea Natural Area Reserve, which has been closed by the Hawaii State Department of Natural Land and Resources due to the ongoing volcanic hazards, and the Wao Kele o Puna Forest Reserve, also closed by DLNR and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs.

HVO continues to closely monitor the June 27th lava flow through increased overflights, satellite imagery, and webcam images, and is keeping Hawaii County Civil Defense fully informed about the flow’s location.

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Seismologists in Ecuador say the Tungurahua volcano is showing increased activity.

About 40 explosions were registered on Monday and even though their intensity diminished, experts have not ruled out a renewed sudden increase.

An ash cloud up to 3km (1.8 miles) in height has been rising from the volcano over the past few days.

Tungurahua, which had been dormant until 1999, lies 135km (85 miles) south-east of the capital, Quito.

Despite the increase in seismic activity, children in the area returned to class on Monday, the start of a new school year.

Resident Antonio Chango told Ecuador's El Comercio newspaper that "our children's studies can not stop just because of the volcano".

"We're fine and keen to start the school year," one young pupil told the paper.

The 5,023m-high Tungurahua, meaning "throat of fire" in the indigenous Quechua language, is one of South America's most active volcanoes.

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Dark giant ash clouds rise from the crater of Mount Sinabung volcano during an eruption on October 8, 2014, as seen from Karo district located on Indonesia's Sumatra island, following an earlier eruption on October 5, 2014.According to authorities hundreds of residents are still housed at evacuation centers as authorities maintains off limit danger zone around Mount Sinabung located in Indonesia's Sumatra island following deadly eruption in early February that killed about 17 people.

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Colombian earthquake spark tenstions about possible imminent eruptions?
Authorities in southwestern Colombia have raised alert levels on Tuesday after a 5.6 magnitude earthquake hit the border region, sparking concerns that two nearby volcanoes might erupt in a matter of days. Colombia’s Geological Service have changed the alert level of two volcanoes from yellow to orange. The two volcanoes are Cerro Negro de Mayasquer and Chiles, both active on Colombia’s southern border to Ecuador. The orange alert level is defined by the Geological Service as “probable eruption in term of days to weeks.” The earthquake that hit the border region causes a scare on both side of the border.

Officials in the Colombian town of Cumbal, near the quake’s epicenter, were quoted as saying by The Associated Press that they formed an emergency committee to survey possible damage. But so far, there were no reports of injuries in the town of 36,000 residents, the majority of them members of an indigenous tribe. “It was really strong, every house” felt it, Jose Diomedes Juezpesan, the town’s top official, told AP. If the volcanoes are to erupt, it will mostly affect the state Nariño. Local state governments have started to take security measures in order prevent tragedies. Nariño government officials have recommended suspending school classes, delivered a special communication system to indigenous communities in the area and offered the indigenous communities tents if the evacuate their premise while the volcanoes are on high alert. Neither one of the volcanoes have erupted in the past 160,000 years.

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Alertlevel raised at Cerro Negro
Cerro Negro de Mayasquer volcano (Colombia): magnitude 5.8 earthquake, alert level raised

Orange alert has been declared for the volcanic complex at the Colombia-Ecuador border, after a magnitude 5.8 earthquake occurred under the volcano last Monday.
This earthquake, located at shallow 10 km depth southwest of the Chiles cone, seems to be directly linked to the ongoing crisis at the volcano. The volcano has recently been showing increased signs of volcanic unrest and inflation. This could be the sign of magma rising with the volcano and result in an eruption, although it is not possible to quantify how likely this might be.

Since a seismic network had been installed in early 2013, the volcano has had two impressive peaks of earthquakes, the first one occurring between Sep 2013 and Jan 2014 with over 100,000 small events detected. A second peak with 25,000 quakes occurred between late April and July this year, when the alert level was first raised to yellow.
A new seismic swarm has started on 29 September and until now counts nearly 40,000 quakes. In addition, a slow inflation (swelling of the mountain) located southwest of the cone Chiles has been detected by scientists.
Some of the seismic activity has the characteristics believed to represent fluid (gasses, water, magma) movements at depth, although most earthquakes are related to small rock fracturing events (which could be purely tectonic in nature and not necessarily related to magma).
The volcano has only a short history of monitoring and not have any known eruption in the past 10,000 years. This makes it extremely difficult to asses how likely it is that it awakes in a near to medium future. However, Colombian and Ecuadorian scientists take the situation very seriously and have started to prepare hazard maps for various kind of possible eruption scenarios.
A special bulletin of IGEPN also states that the recorded deformation has increased in recent days. This bulletin concluded that the observed monitoring parameters are compatible with the scenario of a magma intrusion that could lead to a sudden, potentially large, phreatic or even magmatic eruption, even on a short timescale (weeks).
Whether an eruption will actually occur or not is impossible to predict.

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Update : Although we mentioned earlier that this earthquake was not linked to volcanic activity, the Carchi authorities have now confirmed that the earthquake was volcanically triggered.

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Rare eruption of Pico do Fogo
A rare eruption of Cape Verde volcano Pico do Fogo, its biggest in decades, caused the closure of the airport and evacuation of local residents, officials told state radio on Sunday.

No damage or injuries were reported following Saturday's 8:00 pm (2100 GMT) blast but villagers at the bottom of the volcano on the Atlantic island nation were being evacuated over the weekend and a further eruption was reported on Sunday.

There were no immediate details on the intensity of the Sunday blast.

Vulcanologist Bruno Faria told state-owned Radio Cape Verde the first blast was "much greater than the one in 1995" which showered a cloud of ash across the island at the southern tip of the archipelago.

"The eruption was very fast. But we are appealing to the people for calm," interior minister Marise Morais told the radio in an announcement heard by AFP in Guinea-Bissau.

The eruption reached level three on the nine-level volcanic explosivity index, the minister said.

Morais said the nation was implementing its emergency civil protection plan.

Nelio Santos, a television journalist reached by telephone, told AFP authorities had begun evacuating Cha das Caldeiras, a village of around 750 inhabitants at the foot of the volcano.

"Many people... left without waiting for the instructions from the authorities," he added.

The airport on Fogo was closed Sunday, although it was not immediately clear how many flights had been diverted or cancelled.

The privately-owned, US-based Volcano Discovery website, which tracks volcanic activity worldwide, said a new eruption started Sunday at 10:00 am, with satellite data suggesting some lava at the vent.

Pico de Fogo last erupted on April 2 1995 -- for the first time since June 1951 -- and almost 5,000 people were evacuated while the United States and several European countries sent assistance.

The archipelago, which lies 500 kilometres (about 300 miles) off the coast of Senegal, consists of 10 islands, eight of which are inhabited and volcanic.