quote:ESA Member States give green light to ExoMars Programme
ESA's Council yesterday gave the go-ahead to proceed with the implementation of the ExoMars Programme. This decision paves the way for two Mars exploration missions in cooperation with NASA in 2016 and 2018.
The ExoMars Programme aims to investigate the martian environment, particularly astrobiological issues and to develop and demonstrate new technologies for planetary exploration with the long-term view of a future Mars sample return mission in the 2020s.
Two missions are foreseen within the ExoMars Programme: one consisting of an Orbiter plus an Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator (to be launched in 2016) and the other consisting of two rovers (to be launched in 2018).
quote:Dec. 31 , 2009: This Sunday, NASA's Mars rover Spirit will mark six years of unprecedented exploration of the Red Planet. However, the upcoming Martian winter could end the roving career of the beloved, scrappy robot.
Spirit landed on Mars at 8:35 p.m. PST on Jan. 3, 2004, and its twin Opportunity arrived at 9:05 p.m. Jan. 24, 2004. The rovers began missions intended to last for just three months but which have instead gone on for six Earth years, or 3.2 Mars years. During this time, Spirit has found evidence of a steamy and violent environment on ancient Mars that was quite different from the wet and acidic past documented by Opportunity, which has been operating successfully halfway around the planet.
A sand trap and balky wheels are challenges to Spirit's mobility that could prevent NASA's rover team from using a key winter-survival strategy. The team might not be able to position the robot's solar panels to tilt toward the sun to collect power for heat to survive the severe Martian winter.
Nine months ago, Spirit was driving across a place called "Troy" when its wheels broke through a crusty surface layer into loose sand. Efforts to escape this sand trap barely have budged the rover. The rover's inability to use all six wheels for driving has worsened the predicament. Spirit's right-front wheel quit working in 2006, and its right-rear wheel stalled a month ago. Surprisingly, the right-front wheel recently resumed working, though intermittently. Drives with four or five operating wheels have produced little progress and the latest attempts have resulted in the rover actually sinking deeper in the soil.
"The highest priority for this mission right now is to stay mobile, if that's possible," says Steve Squyres of Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y. He is principal investigator for the rovers.
If mobility is not possible, the next priority is to improve the rover's tilt, while Spirit is able to generate enough electricity to turn its wheels. Spirit is in the southern hemisphere of Mars, where it is autumn, and the amount of daily sunshine available for the solar-powered rover is declining. This could result in ceasing extraction activities as early as January, depending on the amount of remaining power. Spirit's tilt, nearly five degrees toward the south, is unfavorable because the winter sun crosses low in the northern sky.
Unless the tilt can be improved or winds lessen the gradual buildup of dust on the solar panels, the amount of sunshine available will continue to decline until May 2010. During May, or perhaps earlier, Spirit may not have enough power to remain in operation.
"At the current rate of dust accumulation, solar arrays at zero tilt would provide barely enough energy to run the survival heaters through the Mars winter solstice," says Jennifer Herman, a rover power engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.
Above: The latest attempt to dislodge Spirit, pictured above, was not successful. On Dec. 26th the rover actually sunk 6 mm deeper into the sandtrap. [Details]
The team is evaluating strategies for improving the tilt even if Spirit cannot escape the sand trap, such as trying to dig in deeper with the wheels on the north side. In February, NASA will assess Mars missions, including Spirit, for their potential science versus costs to determine how to distribute limited resources. Meanwhile, the team is planning additional research about what a stationary Spirit could accomplish as power wanes.
"Spirit could continue significant research right where it is," says Ray Arvidson of Washington University in St. Louis, deputy principal investigator for the rovers. "We can study the interior of Mars, monitor the weather and continue examining the interesting deposits uncovered by Spirit's wheels."
A study of the planet's interior would use radio transmissions to measure wobble of the planet's axis of rotation, which is not feasible with a mobile rover. That experiment and others might provide more and different findings from a mission that has already far exceeded expectations.
"Long-term change in the spin direction could tell us about the diameter and density of the planet's core," says William Folkner of JPL. He has been developing plans for conducting this experiment with a future, stationary Mars lander. "Short-period changes could tell us whether the core is liquid or solid."
Spirit may be stuck and in peril, but the rover still has a lot of work to do. Stay tuned for updates from Science@NASA.
Editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA
31-12-2009quote:Op vrijdag 1 januari 2010 19:51 schreef -CRASH- het volgende:
Spirit Faces Uncertain Future as New Year Dawns
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Wat een slecht einde voor zo'n geweldge rover zeg!quote:Op vrijdag 1 januari 2010 22:46 schreef ExperimentalFrentalMental het volgende:
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31-12-2009
Marswagentje Spirit krijgt het moeilijk
[ afbeelding ]
Het nog steeds in het zand verstrikt geraakte Marswagentje Spirit staat een moeilijke tijd te wachten. Op 3 januari is het precies zes jaar geleden dat Spirit een geslaagde landing op Mars maakte. Dat was het begin van een succesvol onderzoeksprogramma, dat pas negen maanden geleden met een eerste grote tegenslag te kampen kreeg. Toen zakte Spirit bijna letterlijk door het ijs, of beter gezegd: door een dunne, harde korst waaronder los zand schuilging.
De afgelopen weken zijn verwoede pogingen ondernomen om het Marswagentje uit zijn benarde situatie te bevrijden - tot nog toe tevergeefs. En de tijd dringt: de winter staat voor de deur en de zon komt steeds lager aan Spirits hemel te staan. Hierdoor neemt de hoeveelheid stroom die zijn zonnepanelen produceren sterk af. Zó sterk zelfs, dat gevreesd wordt dat er straks niet meer genoeg elektriciteit is voor de cruciale verwarming van de mobiele robot.
Als Spirit niet alsnog ontsnapt, zal een manier moeten worden gevonden om hem zodanig te kantelen dat zijn zonnepanelen meer op de zon zijn gericht. Desnoods zal worden geprobeerd om de wielen aan de noordkant dieper in het Marszand te laten wegzakken. Dan kan Spirit de lange Marswinter misschien nog net doorstaan, en vanuit zijn parkeerstand nog wat nuttig onderzoek doen.
© Eddy Echternach (www.astronieuws.nl)
(allesoversterrenkunde)
Wat was dan een goed einde geweest?quote:Op zondag 3 januari 2010 18:26 schreef osso_secco het volgende:
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Wat een slecht einde voor zo'n geweldge rover zeg!
Arme Spirit.quote:Op vrijdag 1 januari 2010 22:46 schreef ExperimentalFrentalMental het volgende:
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Marswagentje Spirit krijgt het moeilijk
Hij rijdt niet meer... Hij zit vast. en hij staat ongunstig om zonne energy op te vangen.quote:Op zondag 3 januari 2010 19:42 schreef osso_secco het volgende:
Niet kapot gaan maar uitgezet worden omdat er geen resultaten meer behaald kunnen worden terwijl de rover nog rijdt
optimistquote:Spirit is Now a Stationary Science Platform
January 26, 2010: After six years of unprecedented exploration of the Red Planet, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit is no longer a fully mobile robot. NASA has designated Spirit a stationary science platform after efforts during the past several months to free it from a sand trap have been unsuccessful.
The venerable robot's primary task in the next few weeks will be to position itself to combat the severe Martian winter. If Spirit survives, it will continue conducting significant new science from its final location. The rover's mission could continue for several months to years.
"Spirit is not dead; it has just entered another phase of its long life," said Doug McCuistion, director of the Mars Exploration Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington.
inderdaadquote:Op woensdag 27 januari 2010 07:36 schreef NorthernStar het volgende:
Spirit geeft de geest![]()
Gedeeltelijk iig. Vastgelopen in het zand en komt er niet meer uit.
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optimist
Nu de winter nog door zien te komen.
quote:
Weet t niet zeker, meestal worden de foto's achteraf ingekleurd.quote:Op vrijdag 26 maart 2010 14:47 schreef Dynd het volgende:
Is dat blauwige true colour? Ziet er heel alienachtig uit.
quote:Sharp Turn Makes Opportunity For Roving Difficult
by Staff Writers
Pasadena CA (JPL) Apr 12, 2010
After taking some time to recharge her batteries, the rover attempted a drive on Sol 2202 (April 4, 2010). That drive stopped after the initial arc turn due to elevated current draw in the motors on the right side of the rover. The rover is between two ripples with the space in between forming a bowl.
The rover had to push harder on the right to make the sharp
turn. Conservatively-set current limits stopped the drive, as a way for controllers on the ground to assess the driving conditions before proceeding.
With everything looking okay, another drive on Sol 2204 (April 6, 2010), was commanded. It too began with a short, sharp arc. This time the drive stopped after a short distance because of wheel slip exceeding the limit of 40 percent.
Again ground controllers assessed the conditions and found no problems. With these sharp turns, the rover's wheels must impart more thrust. When the wheel thrust exceeds the shear strength of the terrain, slip occurs.
Opportunity will drive again on Sol 2206 (April 8, 2010). This time the rover is already aligned with the drive direction, so no sharp turns are needed.
Extra slip checks will be performed to make sure there are no terrain issues. As of Sol 2204 (April 6, 2010), the solar array energy production was 235 watt-hours with an atmospheric opacity (tau) of 0.371 (from Sol 2199) and a dust factor of 0.500.
Total odometry is 20,247.56 meters (20.25 kilometers, or 12.58 miles).
www.marsdaily.com
quote:Silence Has Winter Freezes The Spirit
by Staff Writers
Pasadena CA (JPL) Apr 12, 2010
Spirit remains silent at her location called "Troy" on the west side of Home Plate. No communication has been received from the rover since Sol 2210 (March 22, 2010).
It is likely that Spirit has experienced a low-power fault and has turned off all sub-systems, including communication. The rover will use all available solar array energy to recharge her batteries.
When the batteries recover to a sufficient state of charge, Spirit will wake up and begin to communicate.
It is not known when that will happen, so the project has been listening for any X-band signal from Spirit through the Deep Space Network (DSN) every day.
The Mars Odyssey orbiter is also listening over selected Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) relay passes for any signal from Spirit. It may be weeks to months before Spirit communicates.
Total odometry is unchanged at 7,730.50 meters (4.80 miles).
www.marsdaily.com
Geen Face on Mars?quote:Op zaterdag 3 april 2010 09:33 schreef ExperimentalFrentalMental het volgende:
31-03-2010
Marsfoto's gemaakt op verzoek van publiek
Is hier nog meer van bekend? Las ergens dat Phobos schijnbaar voor 1/3e hol is, maar heb er nog niets van terug kunnen vinden..quote:Op woensdag 3 maart 2010 08:26 schreef ExperimentalFrentalMental het volgende:
01-03-2010
Europese ruimtesonde nadert Marsmaantje tot op 67 kilometer
[ afbeelding ]
Op woensdag 3 maart scheert de Europese ruimtesonde Mars Express rakelings langs het grootste Marsmaantje Phobos. De kleinste afstand, die om 21.55 uur 's avonds wordt bereikt, bedraagt 67 kilometer - iets meer dan aanvankelijk de bedoeling was. De scheervlucht zal worden benut om meer te weten te komen over het inwendige van het maantje.
Ik denk dat het woordt "hol" wat overdreven is.quote:Op donderdag 15 april 2010 23:21 schreef Boswachtertje het volgende:
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Geen Face on Mars?![]()
Verder leuk en interessant!
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Is hier nog meer van bekend? Las ergens dat Phobos schijnbaar voor 1/3e hol is, maar heb er nog niets van terug kunnen vinden..
quote:Op donderdag 15 april 2010 23:39 schreef -CRASH- het volgende:
[..]
Ik denk dat het woordt "hol" wat overdreven is.
Je kunt beter poreus zeggen.
ESA images
Mars Express Blog
quote:Op donderdag 15 april 2010 23:39 schreef -CRASH- het volgende:
[..]
Ik denk dat het woordt "hol" wat overdreven is.
Je kunt beter poreus zeggen.
ESA images
Mars Express Blog
quote:File image
by Staff Writers
Moscow, Russia (RIA Novosti) Jul 20, 2010
U.S. NASA does not have capacities to build an asteroid mission spacecraft by 2015, the head of Roscosmos' manned flights department, Alexei Krasnov, said in the wake of NASA's announcement to create the spacecraft for deep space missions.
On July 15, NASA unveiled its plans to send astronauts to an asteroid and to Mars no later than 2015.
Earlier in April, U.S. President Barack Obama said in his speech on U.S space industry development that the astronauts would likely to fly to an asteroid by 2025 and to Mars in the mid-2030s, but NASA was ready to boost the process saying the development of the spacecraft for manned deep space missions should be started as early as 2015.
"It is unreal by 2015," Krasnov said.
"[They] probably won't be able to any sooner than by 2023-2025. They do not have the necessary spacecraft, and we will be ready with the project by 2018-2020".
quote:Spirit May Never Phone Home Again
by Dr. Tony Phillips
Science@NASA
Huntsville AL (SPX) Aug 02, 2010
Last year, Spirit became stuck in loose sand. This prevented the rover from driving to a sun-facing slope for the winter.
NASA mission controllers have not heard from Mars rover Spirit since March 22 as the rover faces its toughest challenge yet - trying to survive the harsh Martian winter.
On July 26, mission managers began using a paging technique called "sweep and beep" in an effort to communicate with Spirit.
"Instead of just listening, we send commands to the rover to respond back to us with a communications beep," said John Callas, project manager for Spirit and its twin, Opportunity, at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "If the rover is awake and hears us, she will send us that beep."
Spirit is probably in a low-power "hibernation" mode. The rover was not able to get to a favorable [sun-facing] slope for its fourth Martian winter, which runs from May through November.
The low angle of sunlight during these months limits the power generated from the rover's solar panels. During hibernation, the rover suspends communications and other activities so available energy can be used to recharge and heat batteries, and to keep the mission clock running.
Based on models of Mars' weather and its effect on available power, mission managers believe that if Spirit responds, it most likely will be in the next few months. However, there is a very distinct possibility Spirit may never respond.
"It will be the miracle from Mars if our beloved rover phones home," said Doug McCuistion, director of NASA's Mars Exploration Program in Washington. "It's never faced this type of severe condition before - this is unknown territory."
Because most of the rover's heaters are not being powered this winter, Spirit is likely experiencing its coldest internal temperatures yet - minus 55 degrees Celsius (minus 67 degrees Fahrenheit). During three previous Martian winters, Spirit communicated about once or twice a week with Earth and used its heaters to stay warm while parked on a sun-facing slope for the winter.
As a result, the heaters were able to keep internal temperatures above minus 40 degrees Celsius (which is also minus 40 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale).
Spirit is designed to wake up from its hibernation and communicate with Earth when its battery charge is adequate. But if the batteries have lost too much power, Spirit's clock may stop and lose track of time.
The rover could still reawaken, but it would not know the time of day, a situation called a "mission-clock fault." Spirit would start a new timer to wake up every four hours and listen for a signal from Earth for 20 minutes of every hour while the sun is up.
The earliest date the rover could generate enough power to send a beep to Earth was calculated to be around July 23. However, mission managers don't anticipate the batteries will charge adequately until late September to mid-October.
It may be even later if the rover is in a mission-clock fault mode. If Spirit does wake up, mission managers will do a complete health check on the rover's instruments and electronics.
Based on previous Martian winters, the rover team anticipates the increasing haziness in the sky over Spirit will offset longer daylight for the next two months.
The amount of solar energy available to Spirit then will increase until the southern Mars summer solstice in March 2011. If we haven't heard from it by March, it is unlikely that we will ever hear from it.
"This has been a long winter for Spirit, and a long wait for us," said Steve Squyres, the principal investigator for NASA's two rovers who is based at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. "Even if we never heard from Spirit again, I think her scientific legacy would be secure. But we're hopeful we will hear from her, and we're eager to get back to doing science with two rovers again."
quote:Opportunity Back To Normal Operations
by Staff Writers
Pasadena CA (SPX) Aug 02, 2010
Opportunity's activities were impacted by the Odyssey spacecraft safe-mode event. However, with the recovery of Odyssey, normal operations with the rover have resumed.
Direct-to-Earth (DTE) X-band communications and some Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter relay passes were used by Opportunity, while Odyssey was unavailable to support data relay.
On Sol 2309 (July 23, 2010), Opportunity collected remote sensing images along with an atmospheric argon measurement with the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS).
On Sol 2311 (July 25, 2010), driving resumed with a 20-meter (66 feet) east/southeast backward drive, followed by an 8-meter (26 feet) test of backwards-driving hazard avoidance. The hazard avoidance test was successful and supports the use of hazard avoidance for backward driving on longer drives.
As of Sol 2313 (July 27, 2010), solar array energy production has improved to 533 watt-hours, atmospheric opacity (Tau) was re-calibrated and now reports a higher value of 0.558 with the solar array dust factor of 0.795.
Total odometry is 21,860.62 meters (21.86 kilometers, or 13.58 miles).
quote:Spirit In Sweep And Beep Mode
File image.
by Staff Writers
Pasadena CA (JPL) Aug 09, 2010
Spirit remains silent at her location called "Troy" on the west side of Home Plate. No communication has been received from the rover since Sol 2210 (March 22, 2010).
It is likely that Spirit has experienced a low-power fault and has turned off all sub-systems, including communication and gone into a deep sleep, trying to recharge her batteries. There is the additional risk that the rover may trip a mission clock fault.
If that happens, the rover would lose track of time and remain asleep until there is enough sunlight on the solar arrays to wake the rover, a state called "Solar Groovy."
When the rover wakes from a mission clock fault, she would only listen. So starting on Sol 2333 (July 26, 2010), the project implemented a new procedure to address the possible mission clock fault.
Each sol, the Deep Space Network mission controllers send a set of X-band beep commands, called "Sweep and Beep." If the rover has experienced a mission clock fault and is awake during the day, the rover will be listening during brief, 20-minute intervals each awake hour.
Because of the possible clock fault, the timing of these 20-minute listening intervals can't be known. So the project will fill the likely awake period with multiple "Sweep and Beep" commands.
If the rover hears one of these commands, it will respond back with an X-band beep signal, telling them she is there and allowing them to investigate the state of the rover further.
Although the project is using this new strategy now, a response from Spirit is not expected for some time, as the season is still very early spring on Mars.
Total odometry is unchanged at 7,730.50 meters (4.80 miles)
Het is dat ik het artikel al gelezen heb...quote:
quote:Opportunity Performs Science And Rolls To Endeavour Crater
by Staff Writers
Pasadena CA (JPL) Aug 09, 2010
Opportunity took advantage of some exposed rock outcrop to perform an in-situ (contact) science campaign to sample the surface at roughly one-kilometer (0.62-mile) intervals.
On Sol 2315 (July 29, 2010), the rover performed a short 16-meter (52-foot) drive to position herself on exposed outcrop for a weekend science campaign.
On Sol 2317 (July 31, 2010), the robotic arm (instrument deployment device, or IDD) was moved first, so the panoramic camera (Pancam) could image the work volume.
Then the IDD collected a microscopic imager (MI) mosaic of a surface target, called Valparaiso, followed by the placement of the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) on the same target for integration.
More remote sensing science was collected on the following sols. On Sol 2320, Opportunity resumed the drive toward Endeavour crater with a 71-meter (233-foot) drive to the southeast.
As of Sol 2320 (Aug. 3, 2010), solar array energy production was 529 watt-hours with atmospheric opacity (Tau) of 0.415 and the solar array dust factor of 0.744.
Total odometry is 21,948.13 meters (21.95 kilometers, or 13.64 miles).
quote:Op donderdag 23 september 2010 07:43 schreef ExperimentalFrentalMental het volgende:
21-09-2010
Mogelijk weer een meteoriet ontdekt op Mars
[ afbeelding ]
Op beelden die het Marswagentje Opportunity op 16 september naar de aarde zond, is op enkele tientallen meters afstand een donkere steen te zien. NASA-wetenschappers hebben Opportunity de opdracht gegeven om naar de steen toe te rijden, om te zien of het een ijzermeteoriet is.
Het zou niet voor het eerst zijn dat het Marswagentje een meteoriet vindt. De afgelopen zes jaar heeft hij er bij zijn verkenning van de Meridani-vlakte al vier opgespoord.
De mogelijk meteoriet heeft alvast de benaming 'Oileán Ruaidh' gekregen, de oude naam voor het kleine eiland Roy voor de kust van Ierland. Hij is iets minder dan een halve meter groot.
© Eddy Echternach (www.astronieuws.nl)
(allesoversterrenkunde)
Op die eerste foto lijkt het idd op een vissekopquote:Op zondag 26 september 2010 01:59 schreef -CRASH- het volgende:
De steen heeft wel wat weg van een viss(ekop)
[ afbeelding ]
[ afbeelding ]
Dank voor je bijdrage beste CRASHquote:Op dinsdag 28 september 2010 00:17 schreef -CRASH- het volgende:
Opportunyti onderzoekt de meteoriet![]()
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[ afbeelding ]
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Had ik het toch goed gezien laatst...quote:Op woensdag 29 september 2010 08:47 schreef ExperimentalFrentalMental het volgende:
27-09-2010
Marswagentje bestudeert meteoriet en vindt er nóg één
[ afbeelding ]
Afgelopen weekend heeft het Marswagentje Opportunity de donkere 'steen' onderzocht die hij ruim een week daarvoor in het vizier kreeg. Alle kenmerken van het object duiden er op dat het om een ijzermeteoriet gaat.
Daarmee komt het aantal meteorieten dat Opportunity op Mars heeft ontdekt op vijf. Maar het heeft er alle schijn van dat daar binnenkort nog eentje bij komt. Tijdens het onderzoek van meteoriet nummer vijf zagen NASA-wetenschappers enkele tientallen meters verderop namelijk nóg een potentiële meteoriet liggen.
Ook de zesde meteoriet zal door Opportunity van nabij worden bekeken. Daarna vervolgt hij zijn lange weg naar de krater Endeavour, die waarschijnlijk zijn eindbestemming zal zijn.
© Eddy Echternach (www.astronieuws.nl)
(allesoversterrenkunde)
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