[ACTUEEL] Vulkanen IJsland #27: Uitbarsting Reykjanes

Sulfur dioxide emissions from volcanic eruption in Iceland reach Europe - August 2024

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Sulfur dioxide emissions from volcanic eruption in Iceland reach Europe

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions produced by the new eruption in Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland have reached Europe. The forecast and measured SO2 concentrations are currently below the recommended exposure threshold with no major impact on air quality and health.

This year’s sixth eruption in Reykjanes Peninsula began on August 22, producing significant SO2 emissions that crossed the North Atlantic and reached NW Europe on August 24, before moving further east.

According to Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), satellite observations of the plume height indicate that the highest concentration is between 5 – 8 km (3 – 5 miles) in the atmosphere, but forecasts and surface measurement sites have also shown some increased concentrations of SO2 (up to 20 μg/m³) at ground level.

The forecasted and measured SO2 concentrations are below the recommended exposure threshold of 350 μg/m³ set by EU air quality standards and are not expected to have significant impacts on air quality or health.

“The Reykjanes Peninsula has been experiencing increased volcanic activity and eruptions, resulting in large plumes of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere,” said CAMS Senior Scientist Mark Parrington.

“In CAMS, near-real-time satellite observations of the plumes allow us to track the SO2 in the atmosphere and analyze the possible impacts on air quality. The emissions from this episode have not been severe enough to significantly impact global atmospheric processes or human health, but documenting and monitoring each episode is important.”

According to the Icelandic Met Office (IMO) report issued on August 26, all data suggest that this eruption is the largest in the area since the unrest period began in the autumn of 2023.

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Op donderdag 5 september 2024 19:51 schreef chufi het volgende:
Het einde van de uitbarsting lijkt in zicht ..

Hadden we deze al gezien?

Tourist running across hot lava in Iceland (real)

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False alarm as volcano prepares to rumble

In the early morning of November 4, a series of earthquakes were recorded between Stóra Skógfell and Sýlingarfell on the Reykjanes Peninsula. The Met Office’s alert responses were partially activated due to a possible magma intrusion. Most of the activity blew over in 30 minutes, after which the Met Office concluded there was no cause for concern, RÚV reports.

In conversation with Vísir, the Met Office’s natural disaster specialist Salóme Jórunn Bernharðsdóttir claimed area’s magma levels were not sufficient enough to start an eruption. However, they are growing closer to the limit.

On October 29, the Met Office published their estimation for an upcoming volcanic event. The office reported that a new eruption might be expected in Svartsengi at the end of November, due to the steadily growing levels and pace of ground uplift and pooling magma in the area

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Op donderdag 21 november 2024 15:22 schreef Frutsel het volgende:
Blue Lagoon parkeerplaats gaat eraan...

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Op donderdag 21 november 2024 15:57 schreef Momo het volgende:

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Blue Lagoon zelf niet in gevaar zo?

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Volcanic pollution rising as eruption continues at Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland

The levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) are rising in the vicinity of Grindavik due to the ongoing volcanic eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. The gas pollution has reached unhealthy levels, as reported by the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO).

Volcanic activity near Grindavik has not decreased as quickly as it did in previous eruptions, IMO reported at 15:45 UTC on November 25, 2024.

“Since yesterday in the early evening [LT], volcanic tremor and visible activity from the eruption have further diminished, but the activity stabilized again after midnight. Nevertheless, the eruption remains quite powerful, and the activity has not decreased as quickly as it had in previous eruptions in the Sundhnúkur crater row. For comparison, the current lava flow is estimated to be on par with the most vigorous eruptions at Fagradalsfjall,” IMO volcanologists said.

Volcanic activity remains strong with the lava volume estimated at 43 million m3 (0.010 mi3), as of Saturday, November 23 — three days into the eruption. It covered an area of about 8.5 km2 (3.28 mi2), which is around 65% of the amount produced in the last eruption which lasted 14 days.

Land continues to subside in Svartsengi, though at a slower rate compared to what was observed at the start of the eruption.

“It is still too early to determine whether magma accumulation will persist under Svartsengi. The flow of lava from eruptive vents needs to decrease further before any conclusions can be made about continued magma accumulation,” IMO said.

Today, wind directions are shifting and becoming variable, meaning volcanic pollution could spread to the surrounding areas in the southwestern part of the country.

Authorities deployed 12 water cannons, to stop the advancing lava flows, on the L3 defense wall on November 24. These were being used to cool a 360 m (1 181 feet) section of lava that threatens the Svartsengu geothermal facility and the Njarðvikuraeð hot water pipeline which are crucial for the Suðurnes region.

The initial testing of the cooling process was successful and operations have begun with 6 eastern cannons. The remaining units are scheduled to follow with the process expected to take several days.

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Steady eruption near Grindavík, Iceland

Eruptive activity near Grindavik, Iceland, remains steady on November 28, 2024, with the eruption continuing from a single vent and lava flowing east and southeast. Gas pollution caused by northeast winds at 35 – 55 km/h (20 – 35 mph) was moving toward Grindavík today and was forecast to spread to nearby areas as the weather patterns change.

The fissure opening around midnight taken from the Coast Guard helicopter. Lights in the town of Grindavík seen in the distance on November 28, 2024. Image credit: Civil Protection/Björn Oddsson

Eruptive activity near Grindavik has been steady over the last 24 hours, with lava now flowing predominantly east and southeast, towards and along the base of Fagradalsfjall, the Icelandic Met Office (IMO) reported at 15:50 UTC on November 28.

The lava field near Fagradalsfjall has expanded slightly but continues to thicken.

Volcanic tremor has remained stable alongside eruptive activity in the vent while the rate of subsidence around Svartsengi has significantly reduced.

However, because daily changes are minor, the trend of deformation measurements must be monitored over the next several days to determine whether the uplift has resumed.

Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland molten lava approaches infrastructure on November 21, 2024
Molten lava approaches infrastructure, Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland on November 21, 2024. Image credit: IMO
The eruption site has been limited to a single active vent of Stóra-Skógfell with lava flowing eastward. Flows beneath the solid crust have been found near the protective wells at Svartsengi and the Blue Lagoon geothermal spa.

The eruption tremors have stabilized and the ground subsidence around Svartsengi has slowed down on November 28.

On November 27, IMO issued an updated hazard assessment, valid until 15:00 on November 29, assuming no significant changes. Based on the eruption’s development over the past few days and the gas dispersion forecast, the hazard assessment has been revised from the previous version.

The main changes involve Zone 1 (Svartsengi), where the overall hazard level is now assessed as considerable (amber) instead of high (red), and Zone 4 (Grindavík), where the overall hazard level has been downgraded from considerable (amber) to moderate (yellow).

In Zone 1 (Svartsengi), the risk of lava flow and gas pollution remains high, but the risk of tephra fall has been downgraded to moderate from considerable.

For Zone 4 (Grindavík), the only change is that the risk of gas pollution is now assessed as “considerable,” down from “very high.” According to the gas dispersion forecast, there is a likelihood of gas pollution in Grindavík on November 29.

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Earthquake swarm on Reykjanes Ridge, Iceland

A strong earthquake swarm was registered on Iceland’s Reykjanes Ridge between December 28 and 30, 2024. The activity was concentrated in a tectonically active area, with the strongest reaching M3.6.

The Icelandic Met Office (IMO) registered a total of 258 earthquakes on or near Reykjanes Ridge in 48 hours to 20:15 UTC on December 30, 2024, with activity concentrated around Eldey and nearby locations.

Out of the total events, 104 earthquakes had a magnitude below 1. These smaller quakes often go unnoticed by residents but are critical in understanding the ongoing seismic processes in the region.

Another 137 earthquakes registered between magnitude 1 and 2, accounting for the majority of the seismic events.

Fifteen earthquakes were recorded with magnitudes ranging between 2 and 3, which are typically strong enough to be felt locally.

Two earthquakes exceeded magnitude 3, with the strongest quake of magnitude 3.6 occurring at 13:55 UTC on December 29, at a depth of 9.9 km (6.1 miles) and located 3.7 km (2.2 miles) north-northeast of Eldey.

The recent seismic activity is attributed to tectonic movements along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge where the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates diverge.

“They are moderately powerful, with two measuring above magnitude 3 and several others just below that, occurring both early this morning and later in the afternoon,” Böðvar Sveinsson, a natural hazard specialist at the IMO noted.

“This is likely due to tectonic plate movements, but so far, there are no signs of volcanic tremor,” Sveinsson added.
The region is a part of the Reykjanes volcanic system and is known for frequent seismic and volcanic activity because of its location along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The system includes numerous postglacial basaltic crater rows and small shield volcanoes.

The Reykjanes volcanic system has a long history of eruptions with 20 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods. Historical records include events as recent as the 13th century with eruptions along NE-SW fissure systems forming new craters and lava flows. Submarine eruptions have also been observed occasionally forming ephemeral islands.

Major eruptions include the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption around 36 000 years ago and the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff eruption 15 000 years ago.

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Op dinsdag 14 januari 2025 14:18 schreef Momo het volgende:
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Bardarbunga volcano (Iceland): strong seismic swarm, likely magma intrusion, alert raised

A strong earthquake swarm has started under the volcano this morning at around 6 a.m. local time. More than 100 quakes with magnitudes up to 5.0 have been recorded since. The strongest quake was a 5.0 shock at 08.05 am local time.
The quakes are clustered under the northern part of the large, completely ice-covered Bárðarbunga caldera, and located at depths spanning between 10 km and the surface. This is the strongest seismic activity of the volcano since the preceding seismic activity prior to its massive eruption in 2014-15. The activity closely resembles the pattern of a new magma intrusion, which is likely the cause.
This could (but by no means must) result in a new eruption, even in a very short term. If the eruption starts under the ice shield (where the current intrusion is taking place), it would result in potentially dangerous glacial melt-water floods (known as "jökulhlaups"). It also could lead to significant ash emissions once the erupted lava has melted a hole through the thick ice shield, and allows explosive interaction between magma and water to eject ash into the atmosphere - this in turn would depend on the duration and volume of such eruption.
While it is far from certain what might or might not follow, the aviation alert level of the volcano was raised to yellow and a "Level of Uncertainty" was declared for Bárðarbunga by the Civil Protection. As of the latest information available, activity has slowed during the past few hours.

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Glacial outburst flood at Grímsvötn volcano, Iceland

Seismic readings indicated the onset of a glacial outburst flood from Grímsvötn volcano on January 13, 2025. Grímsvatn floods have occurred almost annually since November 2021. There are examples of volcanic eruptions occurring due to pressure relief in Grímsvötn after water gushes from there. However, glacial outburst floods have occurred much more frequently without volcanic eruptions.

A glacial outburst flood began on January 13 at Grímsvötn, one of Iceland’s central and highly active volcanoes situated beneath the Vatnajökull ice sheet.

Seismic activity on Grímsvötn has been rising steadily in recent days which signaled the movement of water beneath the glacier. The floodwaters flow from Grímsvötn through Skeiðarárjökull and enter Gígjukvísl, a glacial river south of the glacier.

The turbulence graph from Grímsfjall shows consistent growth in seismic signals within the 2 to 4 Hz frequency range.

“The Institute of Earth Sciences’ GPS device on the ice shelf in Grímsvötn cannot be contacted, making it more difficult to assess how quickly the water is flowing from the lakes and down the channel under Skeiðarárjökull, but turbulence measurements on Grímsfjall provide indications of the development of the flow,” IMO noted on January 13.

The measurements were combined with hydrological data and indicate that the glacial flood is in its early stages. The current water volume in Grímsvötn is estimated to be approximately 0.25 km3 (0.06 mi3) which is about one-third of the volume recorded before the outburst in 2021.

Past patterns suggest that peak flow rates could occur in the latter half of the week. The maximum water discharge at National Road 1 in Gígjukvísl is projected to reach approximately 1 000 m3/s (35 315 feet3/s).

Experts believe it will not pose a threat to infrastructure such as roads and bridges in the region despite the substantial flow.

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Magma accumulation approches critical volume at Svartsengi, Iceland

Magma continues accumulating beneath Svartsengi at a rate nearing the levels observed before the previous eruption. Deformation measurements confirm ongoing ground uplift, with geophysical models estimating that the subsurface magma volume is approaching the threshold associated with past magma intrusions.

Deformation measurements indicate sustained ground uplift in the Svartsengi region which is consistent with patterns seen before past eruptions.

Modeling calculations estimate that the magma accumulating beneath the area is nearing the amount drained during the last eruption on December 9, 2024. If this trend continues, the probability of a new magma intrusion and subsequent eruption will rise in the coming weeks.

Scientists analyzing previous events have found that once a similar volume of magma builds up, intrusion events tend to occur, often followed by an eruption.

The overall earthquake count remains relatively low while seismic activity in the Sundhnúkar fissure system has been increasing slowly since December 9, 2024, suggesting that the next eruption might not be preceded by seismic activity.

The updated hazard assessment from the IMO reflects the growing magma volume beneath Svartsengi.

Based on magma inflow rates, experts estimate that the subsurface magma volume could reach 12 million m3 (424 million feet3) by late January and potentially 13.5 million m3 (477 million feet3) by early February.

The estimates align with the amount of magma involved in the intrusion event on November 20, 2024, suggesting that conditions for another magma intrusion are becoming increasingly favorable.

The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) has raised the hazard level in Zones 4 and 6 from moderate (Yellow) to considerable (Orange), and adverse weather conditions in the coming days may impact monitoring capabilities. The updated hazard assessment is valid until February 11 unless developments occur.

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Echter volgt op 20 december het bericht dat ook nu de grond in het gebied weer aan het stijgen is en dag magma zich opnieuw beweegt. Men verwacht dan ook dat eind januari of begin februari 2025 er opnieuw een eruptie in het gebied zal plaatsvinden.

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Op woensdag 29 januari 2025 13:14 schreef Frutsel het volgende:

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Uit:
WKN / WKN Jaaroverzicht 2024
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Kan dus elk moment inderdaad gebeuren

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Volcanic eruption risk in Iceland increases, scientists warn

REYKJAVIK, Iceland – Scientists in Iceland say there is an increasing likelihood that a volcano, which has erupted several times since the end of 2023, will spring to life once again as magma continues to build up beneath the Earth’s surface.

The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) said on Friday that the amount of magma accumulating beneath Svartsengi is approaching levels observed during previous eruptions, and the likelihood of a new magma intrusion or eruption is increasing.

Scientists have also been concerned about severe winter weather across the region. According to the IMO, weather could impact monitoring and response in case of a magma intrusion or eruption.

"Strong winds, sleet and snow could interfere with seismic measurements and reduce the accuracy of GPS monitoring of ground lift," the IMO said. "The Icelandic Meteorological Office will continue to closely monitor developments, and people are encouraged to pay attention to weather warnings and exercise caution when traveling."

Scientists say that according to model calculations, magma under Svartsengi has reached the lower boundary of the volume loss that was observed during the last eruption.

"Based on past eruptions, these models suggest that magma intrusions or eruptions tend to occur once this lower boundary is reached," the IMO warned.

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Op maandag 31 maart 2025 13:30 schreef Dr_Flash het volgende:
Gebeurt hier nogeens wat eigenlijk?

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Op dinsdag 1 april 2025 15:39 schreef TARAraboemdijee het volgende:

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Echt hoor, zeg je dit, en nog geen 24 uur later

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Op dinsdag 1 april 2025 19:33 schreef chufi het volgende:
Ja de bevingen gaan maar door 135 laatste uur

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Op dinsdag 1 april 2025 15:39 schreef TARAraboemdijee het volgende:

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Echt hoor, zeg je dit, en nog geen 24 uur later

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Op dinsdag 1 april 2025 15:44 schreef chufi het volgende:

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Het neemt al weer af in hevigheid ... maar misschien komt er meer

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Op dinsdag 1 april 2025 21:16 schreef Peterselieman het volgende:

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Mogelijk andere locatie, want dit stelde niet veel voor

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Op donderdag 3 april 2025 17:00 schreef Frutsel het volgende:
Sow das een flinke

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Apr 7, 2025 ICELAND
I place special emphasis on the area where the April 1st eruption occurred under the lava berm that was build to protect the town as i follow the new fissure by Grindavik. The big crack in the ground is where i though the eruption had started from the fist news, but the new eruptive fissure cracked open only 20 meters further west. But the most remarkable feature has to be the little fissure under the lava berm where a volcanic eruption rips apart a man man structure, made in order to hold lava back. This could be a major tourist sensation, if the landscape stays like this.

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Sinds vanochtend vroeg (13 mei) zijn er ongeveer 240 aardbevingen geregistreerd op Grímsey, waarvan de zwaarste een kracht van 4,7 had.

Een inwoner van Grímsey werd wakker met de grootste aardbeving in de aardbevingszwerm die momenteel ten oosten van het eiland plaatsvindt. In deze reeks zijn zo'n 240 aardbevingen geregistreerd, waarvan de grootste met een kracht van 4,7 vanochtend om 4 uur plaatsvond.

Halla Ingólfsdóttir, een inwoner van Grímsey, zegt dat ze wakker werd door de zwaarste aardbeving en flauwviel. Ze voelde er daarna nog een en viel daarna weer in slaap.

De grootste naschok was 3,5, maar Iðunn Kara Valdimarsdóttir van het IJslandse Meteorologische Bureau zegt dat er meerdere naschokken zijn gemeten van 3 of lager, maar dat de meeste een kracht hadden van minder dan 2.

Halla zegt dat ze geen aardbevingen meer heeft gevoeld. De inwoners van Grímsey zijn echter wel gewend aan aardbevingen. In de herfst van 2022 duurde een reeks aardbevingen enkele weken.

"Gewend en niet gewend – dit is altijd oncomfortabel, vooral als ze zo groot worden. Jij hebt misschien minder last van dit kleinere exemplaar, maar het is natuurlijk altijd erg oncomfortabel, tenminste voor mij," zegt Halla.
https://www.ijsland-enzo.nl/ijsland/actueel_nieuwspagina.asp