Het Grote Klimaatverandering Topic #3 De ondergang van Heartland

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Op zaterdag 18 januari 2014 12:15 schreef Freak188 het volgende:

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Dus deze Exxon baas wil dat we ons aanpassen aan het klimaat, in plaats van het klimaat proberen te normaliseren. Global warming is een effect van het verstoken van fossiele brandstoffen. Bij-effect is het verzuren van de oceanen omdat die het broeikasgas opvangen. Niet alleen wordt het leven op land ongezonder, het leven in de oceanen (voor zover we dat niet leegvissen) wordt ook gigantisch aangetast.

We zijn onze leefomgeving aan het verwoesten.

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Already, the drought is upending many of the assumptions on which water barons relied when they tamed the Colorado in the 1900s.

The Colorado basin states tried in the 1920s to stave off future fights over water by splitting it, 50-50, between the upper-basin states of Utah, New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming and the lower-basin states of Arizona, Nevada and California.

In fact, the deal underestimated how much water the fast-growing lower-basin states would need. During most of the wet 20th century, however, the river usually produced more than enough water to offset any shortage.

Now, the gap between need and supply is becoming untenable.

Lake Mead currently stands about 1,106 feet above sea level, and is expected to drop 20 feet in 2014. A continued decline would introduce a new set of problems: At 1,075 feet, rationing begins; at 1,050 feet, a more drastic rationing regime kicks in, and the uppermost water intake for Las Vegas shuts down. At 1,025 feet, rationing grows more draconian; at 1,000 feet, a second Las Vegas intake runs dry.

Lake Powell is another story. There, a 100-foot drop would shut down generators that supply enough electricity to power 350,000 homes.

The federal Bureau of Reclamation’s 24-month forecasts of water levels at Powell and Mead do not contemplate such steep declines. But neither did they foresee the current drought.

“We can’t depend on history to project the future anymore,” Carly Jerla, a geological hydrologist and the reclamation bureau’s Colorado River expert, said in an interview. The drought could end tomorrow, she said — or it could drag on for seven more years.

That raises questions that the states are just beginning to sort out.

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Op zondag 19 januari 2014 13:45 schreef Hyperdude het volgende:
Best droog in de VS. Mn. Californië en Nevada.

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Nicasio Reservoir. Nieuwjaarsdag 2014

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Op vrijdag 24 januari 2014 19:34 schreef cynicus het volgende:

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Reservoir voor modder en stof ofzo

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'Water op rantsoen door droogte Californië'

Ongeveer 25 miljoen mensen in Californië worden bedreigd door drooglegging.

Het staatswaterbedrijf vreest in de nabije toekomst geen water meer te kunnen leveren door aanhoudende droogte, meldde de BBC zaterdag.

Twee derde van de inwoners van de staat en ruim 400.000 hectare landbouwgrond zijn voor een deel van hun drinkwater en irrigatiemiddelen afhankelijk van het Californische waterbedrijf. De agrarische sector in de westelijke staat is verantwoordelijk voor bijna de helft van al het fruit, groenten en noten die in de Verenigde Staten worden geproduceerd.

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Op vrijdag 3 januari 2014 01:53 schreef Zwoerd het volgende:
Hoe heeft 2013 gescoord?

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Op woensdag 12 februari 2014 15:44 schreef Papierversnipperaar het volgende:

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The new Dust Bowl: 'epochal' drought hits California's Central Valley

For California this is the third year of little or no rain. More than 90 per cent of the state is in “severe to exceptional drought”. Records have been kept since the 1840s and last year was the driest yet. Some farm areas received less rain than Death Valley in 2013. The Central Valley town of Hanford got 1.99 inches instead of its usual 10 inches.

The immediate cause of the drought is a 2,000-mile long area of high pressure which has been sitting off the US West Coast for more than a year refusing to budge. Meteorologists have dubbed it the “Ridiculously Resilient Ridge”. It has deflected storms around the Golden State, contributing to recent freezing conditions. At a white, wood beamed church in the farming town of Los Banos the packed congregation of unemployed farm workers are convinced the Lord has the answer. They pray for precipitation at a service every morning.

Associate Pastor Randy Bittle told The Telegraph: “We say a few verses together each day and ask for rain. We started at the beginning of Genesis in 2009 and we haven’t had steady rain since. We’re up to Psalm 6 now, about half way through the Bible. God knows that we need rain.”

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The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society cordially invite you to join us for the release of “Climate Change: Evidence & Causes,” a new publication produced jointly by the two institutions. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked.

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Op donderdag 27 februari 2014 13:36 schreef cynicus het volgende:
Mooi document, helder geschreven door top wetenschappers en uitgegeven door de Royal Society en de National Academies of Sciences. Daarmee heeft het ook behoorlijk aanzien en autoriteit.

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Op vrijdag 28 februari 2014 05:14 schreef barthol het volgende:

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Ja vond ik ook. Ik hecht erg aan goede voorlichting en goede info.

Maar.... soms zakken mijn verwachtingen of goede argumenten en goede info goed ontvangen zullen worden naar een dieptepunt, dat als ik alle drogredenen weer eens aanhoor zo op het internet.
Ik hoor er wat van elke week. Van de week kwam eerst Bob Carter en daarna Ole Humlum ook weer langs. En kreeg ik van iemand van wie ik het helemaal niet verwachtte het wantrouwen over klimaatmodellen te horen.
Het bekende argument van, "als ze nog geen eens het weer over twee weken kunnen voorspellen, hoe kunnen ze dan..." en een oordeel dat er met klimaatmodellen de gemeten gemiddeldes van het recente verleden (klimaatbepalende gemiddeldes) te gemakkelijk ge-extrapoleerd werden en dat dat extrapoleren op die manier niet juist was. En dan probeer ik uit te leggen dat zo'n klimaatmodel vooral een natuurkundig model is, en dat terwijl ik heel goed besef dat ik ook maar slechts een heel klein beetje ervan afweet.

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‘Werelderfgoed verdwijnt onder zeeniveau’
Geschreven op 5 maart 2014 door KIJK-redactie

Bekende gebouwen als het Vrijheidsbeeld, de Tower of London en het Opera House in Sydney lopen groot gevaar door de stijgende zeespiegel.

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Europe may experience higher warming than global average

(ScienceDaily , Date: March 6, 2014, Source: Institute of Physics)

The majority of Europe will experience higher warming than the global average if surface temperatures rise to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, according to a new study published today.

Under such a scenario, temperatures greater than the 2 °C global average will be experienced in Northern and Eastern Europe in winter and Southern Europe in summer; however, North-Western Europe -- specifically the UK -- will experience a lower relative warming.

The study, which has been published today, 7 March, in IOP Publishing's journal Environmental Research Letters, also shows that in the summer, daily maximum temperatures could increase by 3-4 °C over South-Eastern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula and rise well above 40 °C in regions that already experience some of the highest temperatures in Europe, such as Spain, Portugal and France. Such higher temperatures will increase evaporation and drought.

In the winter, the maximum daily temperatures could increase by more than 6 °C across Scandinavia and Russia.

Lead author of the research Robert Vautard, from Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (CEA/CNRS/UVSQ), said: "The 2 °C warming target has mainly been decided among nations as a limit not to exceed in order to avoid possibly dangerous climate change. However, the consequences of such a warming, at the scale of a continent like Europe, have not yet been quantified.

"We find that, even for such an ambitious target as 2 °C, changes in European climate are significant and will lead to significant impacts."

The study also shows that there will be a robust increase in precipitation over Central and Northern Europe in the winter and Northern Europe in the summer, and that most of the continent will experience an increase in instances of extreme precipitation, increasing the flood risks which are already having significant economic consequences.

Southern Europe is an exception, and will experience a general decline in mean precipitation.

To arrive at their conclusions, the researchers used an ensemble of 15 regional climate models to simulate climate changes under an A1B scenario, which represents rapid economic growth and a balanced approach to energy sources.

In addition to temperature and precipitation changes that may occur, the researchers also investigated atmospheric circulation and winds, but found no significant changes.

"Even if the 2 °C goal is achieved, Europe will experience impacts, and these are likely to exacerbate existing climate vulnerability. Further work on identifying key hotspots, potential impacts and advancing carefully planned adaptation is therefore needed," the researchers write in their study.

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Op zaterdag 8 maart 2014 00:36 schreef barthol het volgende:

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Gebaseerd op de wetenschappelijke publicatie:
Robert Vautard et al 2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 034006
doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034006
The European climate under a 2 °C global warming

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Long-Term Warming Likely to Be Significant Despite Recent Slowdown
_{Posted Mar. 11, 2014}

A new NASA study shows Earth's climate likely will continue to warm during this century on track with previous estimates, despite the recent slowdown in the rate of global warming.

This research hinges on a new and more detailed calculation of the sensitivity of Earth's climate to the factors that cause it to change, such as greenhouse gas emissions. Drew Shindell, a climatologist at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, found Earth is likely to experience roughly 20 percent more warming than estimates that were largely based on surface temperature observations during the past 150 years.

Shindell's paper on this research was published March 9 in the journal Nature Climate Change.

A new NASA study suggests that projections of Earth's future warming should be more in line with previous estimates that indicated a higher sensitivity to increasing greenhouse gas emissions. (Image Credit: NASA SVS/NASA Center for Climate Simulation)

Global temperatures have increased at a rate of 0.22 °Fahrenheit (0.12 °Celsius) per decade since 1951. But since 1998, the rate of warming has been only 0.09°F (0.05°C) per decade — even as atmospheric carbon dioxide continues to rise at a rate similar to previous decades. Carbon dioxide is the most significant greenhouse gas generated by humans. >>>

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Onze lucht was nooit zo zuur: CO2-vervuiling overschrijdt historische grens

Kevin Van der Auwera

14/03/2014 om 10:27 - Bijgewerkt om 10:35

Nooit hing er meer CO2 in de lucht dan nu. De historische grens van 400 deeltjes CO2 per miljoen is overschreden en wellicht zullen de recordwaarden in de komende weken nog stijgen.