[GRTDOJW #996] CC gaat niet meer door slotjes heen posten!

Overview
Intersex is a group of conditions where there is a discrepancy between the external genitals and the internal genitals (the testes and ovaries).
The older term for this condition, hermaphroditism, came from joining the names of a Greek god and goddess, Hermes and Aphrodite. Hermes was a god of male sexuality (among other things) and Aphrodite a goddess of female sexuality, love, and beauty.
Although the older terms are still included in this article for reference, they have been replaced by most experts (and patients and families) because they are misleading, confusing, and insensitive. Increasingly this group of conditions is being called disorders of sex development (DSDs).
Symptoms
The symptoms associated with intersex will depend on the underlying cause, but may include:
Ambiguous genitalia at birth
Micropenis
Clitoromegaly (an enlarged clitoris)
Partial labial fusion
Apparently undescended testes (which may turn out to be ovaries) in boys
Labial or inguinal (groin) masses -- which may turn out to be testes -- in girls
Hypospadias (the opening of the penis is somewhere other than at the tip; in females, the urethra [urine canal] opens into the vagina)
Otherwise unusual appearing genitalia at birth
Electrolyte abnormalities
Delayed or absent puberty
Unexpected changes at puberty
Treatment
Ideally, a team of health care professionals with expertise in intersex should work together to understand and treat the child with intersex -- and to understand, counsel, and support the entire family.
Parents should understand controversies and changes in treating intersex in recent years. In the past, the prevailing opinion was that it was generally best to assign a gender as quickly as possible, often based on the external genitals rather than the chromosomal gender, and to instruct the parents to have no ambiguity in their minds as to the gender of the child. Prompt surgery was often recommended. Ovarian or testicular tissue from the other gender would be removed. In general, it was considered easier to reconstruct female genitalia than functioning male genitalia, so if the "correct" choice was not clear, the child was often assigned to be a girl.
More recently, the opinion of many experts has shifted. Greater respect for the complexities of female sexual functioning has led them to conclude that suboptimal female genitalia may not be inherently better than suboptimal male genitalia, even if the reconstruction is "easier." In addition, other factors may be more important in gender satisfaction than functioning external genitals. Chromosomal, neural, hormonal, psychological, and behavioral factors can all influence gender identity.
Many experts now urge delaying definitive surgery for as long as healthy, and ideally involving the child in the gender decision.
Clearly, intersex is a complex issue, and its treatment has short- and long-term consequences. The best answer will depend on many factors, including the specific cause of the intersex. It is best to take the time to understand the issues before rushing into a decision. An intersex support group may help acquaint families with the latest research, and may provide a community of other families, children, and adult individuals who have faced the same issues.
Causes
Intersex can be divided into four categories:
46, XX Intersex
46, XY Intersex
True Gonadal Intersex
Complex or Undetermined Intersex
Each one is discussed in more detail below. Note: In many kids the cause of intersex may remain undetermined, even with modern diagnostic techniques.
46, XX Intersex. The person has the chromosomes of a woman, the ovaries of a woman, but external (outside) genitals that appear male. This usually is the result of a female fetus having been exposed to excess male hormones before birth. The labia ("lips" or folds of skin of the external female genitals) fuse, and the clitoris enlarges to appear like a penis. Usually this person has a normal uterus and Fallopian tubes. This condition is also called 46, XX with virilization. It used to be called female pseudohermaphroditism. There are several possible causes:
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (the most common cause).
Male hormones (such as testosterone) taken or encountered by the mother during pregnancy.
Male hormone-producing tumors in the mother. These are most often ovarian tumors. Mothers who have children with 46, XX intersex should be checked unless there is another clear cause.
Aromatase deficiency. This one may not be noticeable until puberty. Aromatase is an enzyme that normally converts male hormones to female hormones. Too much aromatase activity can lead to excess estrogen (female hormone); too little to 46, XX intersex. At puberty these XX children, who had been raised as girls, may begin to take on male characteristics.
46, XY Intersex. The person has the chromosomes of a man, but the external genitals are incompletely formed, ambiguous, or clearly female. Internally, testes may be normal, malformed, or absent. This condition is also called 46, XY with undervirilization. It used to be called male pseudohermaphroditism. Forming normal male external genitals depends on the appropriate balance between male and female hormones; therefore, enough requires the adequate production and function of male hormones. 46, XY intersex has many possible causes:
Problems with the testes. The testes normally produce male hormones. If the testes do not form properly, it will lead to undervirilization. There are a number of possible causes for this, including XY pure gonadal dysgenesis.
Problems with testosterone formation. Testosterone is formed through a series of steps where each requires a different enzyme. Deficiencies in any of these enzymes can result in inadequate testosterone and produce a different syndrome of 46, XY intersex. Different types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can fall in this category.
Problems with using testosterone. Some people have normal testes, make adequate amounts of testosterone, but still have 46, XY intersex.
5-alpha-reductase deficiency. People with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency lack the enzyme needed to convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). There are at least 5 different types of 5-alpha-reductase deficiency. Some of the babies have normal male genitalia, some have normal female genitalia, and many have something in between. Most change to external male genitalia around the time of puberty.
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). This is the most common cause of 46, XY intersex. Here the hormones are all normal, but the receptors to male hormones don't function properly. There are over 150 different defects that have been identified so far, and each causes a different type of AIS. AIS has also been called testicular feminization.
True Gonadal Intersex. Here the person must have both ovarian and testicular tissue. This might be in the same gonad (an ovotestis), or the person might have one ovary and one testis. The person may have XX chromosomes, XY chromosomes, or both. The external genitals may be ambiguous or may appear to be female or male. This condition used to be called true hermaphroditism. In most people with true gonadal intersex, the underlying cause is unknown, although in some animal studies it has been linked to exposure to common agricultural pesticides.
Complex or Undetermined Intersex Disorders of Sexual Development. Many chromosome configurations other than simple 46, XX or 46, XY can result in disorders of sex development. These include 45, XO (only one X chromosome), and 47, XXY, 47, XXX -- both cases have an extra sex chromosome, either an X or a Y. These disorders do not result in an intersex condition where there is discrepancy between internal and external genitalia. However, there may be problems with sex hormone levels, overall sexual development, and altered numbers of sex chromosomes.
Tests & diagnosis
Chromosome analysis
Hormone levels (for example, testosterone level)
Hormone stimulation tests
Electrolyte tests
Specific molecular testing
Endoscopic examination (to verify the absence or presence of a vagina or cervix)
Ultrasound or MRI to evaluate whether internal sex organs are present (for example, a uterus)
Prognosis
Please see information on the individual conditions. The prognosis depends on the specific cause of intersex. With understanding, support, and appropriate treatment, overall outlook is excellent.
When to contact a doctor
If you notice that your child has unusual genitalia or sexual development, discuss this with your health care provider.

92Merel	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:40
	Welkom in GRTDOJW Een leuke en gezellige SC voor mensen die echt geen reet te doen hebben op het werk. Hieronder een kleine FAQ. Oké klinkt heel leuk, maar ben ik hier wel welkom? Uiteraard Mits je maar gezellig meedoet. Deze SC is voor iedereen die gezellig mee wil kletsen. Hoe meer zielen, hoe meer vreugd toch? Wie zijn de vaste slowchatters? Ik noem geen namen, want we willen geen kliekjesvorming. Als je gezellig mee post, dan kom je er vanzelf wel achter wie hier altijd in de SC aanwezig is. Oké ik ben nieuw hier en wil meeposten, maar kom ik er wel tussen? Als je gewoon normaal meedoet, dan hoor je er gewoon heel snel bij . Notoire bagger en zeikusers die hier alleen komen om te baggeren, bashen of wat dan ook zullen dan ook genegeerd worden. MEET! Datum: Zaterdag 12 februari 2011 Tijd: 15:00uur Locatie: Stairway te Utrecht Wie komt? Misschien: DevilsWhore, lipjes, Ezechielk, Lutte , Honkeytonk, Michhas, Bos81, charmed_angel, MaleDuck ,92Merel,QuincydeKoster Zeker: NBT,Tdrone , iBenny, CC Niet: eNGine10, Oceanview, Ploertendoder, Koen66, LaPo?! De OP van deze SC is hier te vinden
Zeroku	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:40
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:39 schreef Chocolate-chick het volgende: [..] welke opleiding? HBO Rechten.
92Merel	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:40
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:39 schreef Teal het volgende: [..] Mannen humor meer denk ik oh dus dat ik moest lachen betekent dat ik een man ben?
Teal	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:41
	Ik wou net zeggen
92Merel	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:41
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:40 schreef Zeroku het volgende: [..] HBO Rechten. Mensen die geen WO doen
Chocolate-chick	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:41
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:40 schreef 92Merel het volgende: [..] oh dus dat ik moest lachen betekent dat ik een man ben? Nee, dat je mannenhumor hebt
Zeroku	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:41
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:39 schreef 92Merel het volgende: [..] Wow, hoe krijg je dat voor elkaar? Ik heb blokken van 10 weken. 6 weken effectief les. week 7 tentamen, week 8, projecten afronden, week 9 eventueel hertentamens, week 10 vrij. En deze keer zat er ook nog de kerstvakantie bij.
Teal	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:41
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:40 schreef 92Merel het volgende: [..] oh dus dat ik moest lachen betekent dat ik een man ben? Nu want ik zei "denk" dus blijkbaar heb jij mannen humor
Zeroku	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:41
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:41 schreef 92Merel het volgende: [..] Mensen die geen WO doen Mensen die later minder dan 3 ton per jaar verdienen .
92Merel	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:42
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:41 schreef Zeroku het volgende: [..] Ik heb blokken van 10 weken. 6 weken effectief les. week 7 tentamen, week 8, projecten afronden, week 9 eventueel hertentamens, week 10 vrij. En deze keer zat er ook nog de kerstvakantie bij. Ah oke Maar wel veel zelfstudie dan?
Chocolate-chick	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:42
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:41 schreef Teal het volgende: [..] Nu want ik zei "denk" dus blijkbaar heb jij mannen humor Nee ik ben raar, ga nu slapen heb een oogtrilling. Kusjes en tot laterrr, morgen ben ik er niet want vader is jarig houvanjullie
Teal	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:42
	Zag niemand mijn edit?
92Merel	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:42
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:41 schreef Teal het volgende: [..] Nu want ik zei "denk" dus blijkbaar heb jij mannen humor Daar stond net wat anders
Teal	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:42
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:42 schreef Chocolate-chick het volgende: [..] Nee ik ben raar, ga nu slapen heb een oogtrilling. Kusjes en tot laterrr, morgen ben ik er niet want vader is jarig houvanjullie Dag dag quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:42 schreef 92Merel het volgende: [..] Daar stond net wat anders ssssssssttt
Oceanview	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:43
	Trusten CC
Zeroku	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:43
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:42 schreef 92Merel het volgende: [..] Ah oke Maar wel veel zelfstudie dan? 20 uur op school, 20 uur thuis per week. Ongeveer. quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:42 schreef Chocolate-chick het volgende: [..] Nee ik ben raar, ga nu slapen heb een oogtrilling. Kusjes en tot laterrr, morgen ben ik er niet want vader is jarig houvanjullie Slaap lekker . En feli met je paps .
Chocolate-chick	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:43
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:42 schreef Teal het volgende: [..] Dag dag [..] ssssssssttt Ik zag het ook er stond dat ik geen humor heb
92Merel	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:43
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:41 schreef Zeroku het volgende: [..] Mensen die later minder dan 3 ton per jaar verdienen . Mensen die niet het nieuwste medicijn tegen kanker gaan uitvinden en daar niet stinkend rijk mee worden
92Merel	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:43
	quote: Op donderdag 13 januari 2011 22:42 schreef Chocolate-chick het volgende: [..] Nee ik ben raar, ga nu slapen heb een oogtrilling. Kusjes en tot laterrr, morgen ben ik er niet want vader is jarig houvanjullie Slaap lekker en gefeliciteerd !
QuincydeKoster	donderdag 13 januari 2011 @ 22:43
	Is het weer zover, chocolade kuiken? Weer door een slotje heengepost?