Wie gebruikte gifgas als eerste?

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Op zaterdag 5 mei 2012 19:44 schreef Cobra4 het volgende:

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De eerste inzet van (traan)gas door de Fransen had weinig tot geen effect.

Alle partijen waren aan het experimenteren met gassen. Maar meestal zonder merkbaar succes. Met dank aan Fritz Haber waren het de Duitsers die als eerste op grote schaal een schadelijk gas hebben kunnen inzetten.

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Op donderdag 10 mei 2012 10:33 schreef Den_Haag het volgende:

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Nederland ook trouwens. Laatst nog interessant boek over gelezen:
De geest in de fles
http://www.pm.nl/artikel/692/geheime-dossiers-gifgas-vrijgegeven

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In early 1915, accounts were freely circulated in turn by the French, British and Germans that poisonous gas was being used as a weapon of war by their opponents on the Western Front. This was in clear contravention of the 1899 Hague Convention on this subject. The Germans were particularly emphatic about the use of war gases. They categorically stated that even at the outbreak of war the French had 30,000 shells in their arsenal carrying a poisonous gas derived from bromine, and that in April 1915 the French Army had specifically launched projectiles containing poisonous gas on the German sectors in Champagne, Verdun, the Meuse/Moselle rivers and Ypres between 13 and 15 April 1915. The Germans also accused the British of using similar gas projectiles at Ypres on 15 April.

Facts that emerged, after the war, confirmed that the French had indeed used hand-grenades (originally produced for the French gendarmerie) containing a tear gas - ethylbromacetate - on their sector of the Western Front. However, it was also claimed that, from October 1914, the Germans themselves had definitely employed a skin and mucous membrane irritant - dianisidine chlorosulphonate - which was included in shrapnel shells fired in the British Neuve Chapelle Sector.

Confirmation was also obtained that in January 1915, Dr Karl von Tappen of the German War Ministry had formally suggested that the German Army could obtain a significant war-winning shock effect by using a tear gas called xylyl bromide in artillery shells, and this chemical agent - T Stoff (Tappen‘s agent) - was duly formally approved by the German Army as a potential weapon of war for use against the French and British Armies on the Western Front.

Regardless of these accusations, allegations and insinuations, there is no doubt that the first operationally significant use of a chemical agent on the Western Front in the form of a poisonous gas was carried out on the 22 April 1915 by the German Army. It was deployed at Langemarck in the Ypres Salient against formations of the British, French and Canadian troops concentrated in trench works. Paradoxically, because the German war-economy in 1915 was suffering from a chronic shortage of shell-making steel, the means of the dispersal of the gas was via gas piping connecting 190-pound pressurised steel gas cylinders. In all 6,000 cylinders were used releasing 160 tons of the gas. In a light breeze this produced an optimal concentration of 1 part of the gas per 1,000 parts of ambient air to provide a slowing moving wall of ground-hugging gas 6km wide and 1km deep. The stability of the column of poisonous gas was, of course, always susceptible to other possible variations in the ambient meteorological conditions.

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Op woensdag 27 juni 2012 12:51 schreef yvonne het volgende:
The Rationale for, and the Deployment of, Poisonous Gas on the Western Front in the Great War

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Verder lezen:
http://www.westernfrontas(...)n-the-great-war.html

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Op donderdag 28 juni 2012 01:30 schreef Viajero het volgende:

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Waarom was iets dat pas in 1915 voor het eerst gebruikt werd al in 1899 verboden?