[aktueel] Vulkaanuitbarsting bij Canarische Eilanden #3

VUELO CIENTÍFICO INVOLCAN - GC 160112 - VOLCÁN SUBMARINO DEL HIERRO - BURBUJEOS Y CENIZAS - II

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Scientific flights InVolCan - GUARDIA CIVIL HELICOPTER ON SUBMARINE VOLCANO AREA OF RESTINGA IN THE SOUTH OF HIERRO IN THE MORNING, JANUARY 16TH 2012, MEASURING DISSOLVED GASES IN THE AIR ON THE ERUPTION ZONE HEAT AND TAKING PICTURES . HIGH-RESOLUTION VIDEO

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To our supporters speakers.
Activity week of 4 to January 10 according to the Smithsonian, with today's image of NASA's Aqua satellite and where you can see how the currents carry the stain suspended the W Gomera (if you download the picture is best observed ).
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With the Earth (Earth). HIERRO, Smithsonian 4 to 10 January 2012.
National Geographic Institute (IGN) reports That DURING 4-10 January, the submarine continued eruption of El Hierro Island S. The mean amplitude of the tremor Slightly INCREASED DURING the week. DURING this Period, large lava fragments Were Observed floating close to the vent area and Generating steam. The production of These fragments WAS DURING Especially intense 6-8 January.

Located seismic events Nineteen Were this Period DURING MOST of Them Were Grouped in the central part of the island, Extending offshore to the S, at depths Between 10 and 18 km, maximum magnitude of With A 2.0. Analyses Showed little GPS deformation data, With A trend to subsidence in the stations at the S of the island.

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NOTE AVCAN 421 - EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY-VOLCANIC - HIERRO ISLAND - 17 January 2012-12:30 h peninsular - seismic-volcanic activity remains moderate, with some of seismicity located in the interior of the island and in the Sea of las Calmas and some detected but not localized events (today at 00:06, 00:47, 04:20, 07:01 7:33 h). Continued volcanic tremor signal in the eruption of the Restinga, much more unstable and harder, with explosions hydromagmatic that crush the material and cause the stain to be much more visible by the webcams. Remains more or less with an amplitude that, in general, after being down since midnight, then has gone up in recent hours. Magnitude between 2.0 and 0.9. New earthquakes 3. Depth at 8, 11 and 13km. Days ago 1. Yesterday 3. Now go 0. A total of 12,002 earthquakes are located in El Hierro by IGN from 9:00 am of July 19, 2011 (Enrique).

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Update 17/01 10:06 UTC
- 1 earthquake along the Guimar, Tenerife coast (probably tectonic and part of a number of earthquakes occurring since a couple of weeks). This earthquake is not directly linked with the El Hierro eruption
- Variable harmonic tremor with a number of strong, probably hydromagmatic bursts also showing in what we see in the stain / jacuzzi this morning. In the middle of the greenish daily stain is a very huge brownish pumice area. Not a very defined jacuzzi. Again a day with a different pattern the the last couple of days.

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El Hierro southwestern municipality of El Pinar recorded last night a two-degree earthquake on Richter scale after more than three and half days of inactivity in the volcano 's Calm Sea . Its epicenter was 13 kilometers deep. Meanwhile, it keeps bubbling and ash emission until yesterday.

On the other hand, this morning, around 2:45 pm, there was another earthquake of 1.9 magnitude on the Richter scale to 24 kilometers deep in the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Tenerife G��mar, south of Candelaria , reports the National Geographic Institute.
[bron]

VUELO CIENTÍFICO INVOLCAN - GC 160112 - VOLCÁN SUBMARINO DEL HIERRO - BURBUJEOS Y CENIZAS - III

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100 days of eruption ... almost nothing.

The volcano of La Restinga expected record-breaking 100 days of uninterrupted!
Nothing to think that the eruption of La Restinga would last so much, and he still has. All historical references that were of the eruptions have been overtaken Canary by far!
Since the eruption began on October 10, forecasts pointed to a length no greater than a few weeks. Before any decrease in the tremor, scientists announced the cessation of the activity. This has been happening until today, fluctuations of greater or lesser activity (mainly tremor) but the volcano continues. No one dares to say when the eruption ends. The geophysical survey can not determine the status of the magma chamber and characteristics, to the great disappointment of technicians and scientists. There is what you get. Detected only in the eruptive area, a very strong exhaust reaching the sea surface in front of La Restinga, as can be seen every day, and it is said that the crater is 150 m deep. We look closely the data of the 5 th and last campaign by the oceanographic ship Ramon Margalef, to clarify the depth of the issue. That fact is very important to assess the danger of it.
The volume of gas being broadcast from the beginning is very high, which contrasts with the progressive reduction (almost absence) of emissions on land, according to data from ITER. It's as if all the gas is concentrated in the area of eruption. The decrease also of seismicity, although some earthquakes occur in areas of long ago that the attention is focused solely on La Restinga.
Two-thirds of the world's volcanoes are underwater. On this island, the terrain constructed by submarine eruptions have more volume than surface. The current eruption is not unlike what might be expected to know the total morphology of the island, it is contributing to the growth of large underwater ridge (35 km in length) which extends towards the south-southwest from the peninsula of La Restinga . It is not unusual or exceptional. Sometimes the output characteristics of bubbling volcanic material that happens every day, suggests that, at any time, a rash with certain characteristics subaerial, although not with the degree of classical surseyanas.
Generally, volcanic islets emissions arising from underwater are quite ephemeral in the world, because they are composed of mater ial unconsolidated pyroclastic character. This loose material is easily eroded by marine dynamics, as has happened in many eruptions. In the event that there has been a long hydromagmatic eruption phase, the island is formed palagonite tuff cones comprehensive long resisting erosion. If there has also been issuing lava and emission lines (dams) through the cone, the frame generated is highly resistant to sea, the latter case is the Roque del Este in the archipelago Chinijo (Lanzarote), a good example of what could happen in La Restinga, in the unlikely event of the emergence of a small island.

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NOTE AVCAN 422 - EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY-VOLCANIC - HIERRO ISLAND - 18 January 2012-10:30 h peninsular - seismic-volcanic activity continues to moderate, with some of seismicity detected but not localized. Continued volcanic tremor signal in the eruption from La Restinga is and has gained wide enough this morning, two-fold increase since midnight. Emission in the notice the blood stain on the sea surface perfectly indicating that the explosions are hydromagmatic and bite the material out. No new earthquakes located by IGN. Before yesterday 3. Yesterday 0. Now go 0. A total of 12,002 earthquakes are located in El Hierro by IGN from 9:00 am of July 19, 2011 (Enrique).

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And while in El Hierro, following the activity, with a huge stain, the tremor at levels high enough, bubbling, steaming and steam and pyroclastic between means risking Salvamar the boat type. Regarding the seismicity follows with a while ago sismito on the coast of las Calmas (Enrique).

1122116 18/01/2012 20:28:52 27.6768 -18.0398 16 2.2 4 SW PINAR.IHI

DAY 18 JAN EARTHQUAKES. - Dark Blue (1)
DAY 17 JAN EARTHQUAKES. - (0)
DAY 16 JAN EARTHQUAKES. - Orange (3)
DAY 15 JAN EARTHQUAKES. - Red (1)
DAY 14 JAN EARTHQUAKES. - Green light (1)
DAY 13 JAN EARTHQUAKES. - Rosa (4)
DAY 12 JAN EARTHQUAKES. - Light Blue (1)
EARTHQUAKES OF THE DAY 06 to 11 JAN. - Yellow (24)

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Update 19/01 10:34 UTC
- NO earthquakes since midnight UTC
- very variable harmonic tremor with a lot of hydromagmatic bursts

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NOTE AVCAN 423 - EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY-VOLCANIC - HIERRO ISLAND - 19 January 2012-09:30 h peninsular - seismic-volcanic activity remains moderate, with some localized seismicity on the coast of sea of las calmas in the area of Cala Julan Tacor�n and with some of seismicity detected but not localized. Continued volcanic tremor signal in the eruption of the Restinga, which has decreased in amplitude and presents strong and numerous explosions in the area hydromagmatic output magma conduit between midnight and 3 am where they have fallen often, but not in amplitude, with a few scattered explosions, but stronger. Magnitude of 2.2. New earthquakes 1. 16km depth. Before yesterday 0. Yesterday 1. Now go 0. A total of 12,003 earthquakes are located in El Hierro by IGN from 9:00 am of July 19, 2011 (Enrique)

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Today is the day lively, especially this last hour, with a greenish brown stain - black in the center - and they drop out of pyroclastic large amount of water vapor. Here you have a catch by Ana I Romero Berra shows what I say. Incidentally, coinciding with the release of pyroclasts, the tremor has increased considerably and has soared, almost saturating the sensor. (Enrique).

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Update 19/01 15:51 UTC
- After some heavy action today, the eruption suddenly went almost to background noise harmonic tremor. We think that it might have been a total collapse of the vent due to the hydromagmatic explosions earlier today. There is still a very minor signal left. Our expectations is the HT will gradually increase again the next 24 hours. If not and with an still active volcano pushing magma against the islands crevasses and lava tubes, a new set of earthquakes might occur. Of course, this is a volcano and we can only guess what he/she has in its mind.

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Update 19/01 20:37 UTC
Every hooked follower of this volcano eruption is always curious about the depth of the volcano vent. The latest session in December resulted in more than 150 meter. The new mission of the IEO Oceanographic ship Ramon Margalef which ended last week resulted in a depth of 130 meter. A lot of erupted material and a serious climb of the vent. Is this a lot. Yes, we think that the volcano vent has grown a lot and at this pace another 1 to 2 months are necessary to start more action in the water .. if the volcano continues to erupt on the same location of course . which does not like to be the case today!
Adapted Google translation of the most important parts of the original text below.
The bathymetric surveys of Ramon Margalef estimated that 145 million cubic meters of material was deposited on the seabed.
The bathymetry conducted last week by scientists of the Ramon Margalef research vessel belonging to the Spanish Oceanographic Institute (IEO), concluded that the vent (top of the underwater volcano) was at a depth of 130 meters .
The bathymetric surveys performed were carried out during the 10th and 11th January, and have also allowed us to appreciate a significant increase in volume, both the cone and deposits associated with the emission points of material. This increase in volume comes to cover almost the entire western escarpment submarine canyon that frames the emission points and volcanic deposits. These deposits run from the broadcast area to about 2,000 meters and are strangled in their mid to 950m deep, narrow canyon by acting as shock controller between two different storage areas: the area of deposit of the upper and the alluvial fan.
The scientists on board of the Ramon Margalef have estimated that the total deposits reached 57 million cubic meters of alluvial fan to a volume of 88 million cubic meters, which is 145 million cubic meters of material deposited.
As for the evolution of the volcanic cone, the Ramon Margalef found that the earlier split vent does not exist anymore and that the volcano displayed again a single peak at coordinates: 27 � 37.18 N, 17 � 59. 58W
Also, the cone has changed its slope on the December uprising. Its slope at the east side has increased due in part to the increase in top height and lower the convexity of the cone, which could be attributed to deflation occurred in the period between the two bathymetry.

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I put some pictures bathymetry comparative conducted in October, November and the last image in this afternoon. I indicate some doubts arise I do a little analysis of them. For example, the volume of the volcano in relation to submarine valley walls, the presence of an alleged lava cone located in the SW and that seems to rise up the slope (which is impossible) instead of descending, the absence of the numerous mouths emission signals from flights conducted by the Civil Guard helicopter ... I leave the link, analyze and draw their conclusions.
http://www.uclm.es/profesorado/egcardenas/bati.htm
(Elena)

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NOTA 424 AVCAN - EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY-VOLCANIC - HIERRO ISLAND - 20 January 2012-11:15 h peninsular - seismic-volcanic activity remains moderate, with some of seismicity located in the Sea of las Calmas in the area and Cala Tacor�n Julan and with some of seismicity detected but not localized (00:27, 01:12, 08:42, 08:44, 08:54). Continued volcanic tremor signal in the eruption of the Restinga, after yesterday's show very unstable, with loud explosions and many ups and downs hydromagmatic almost stood at 15:10 h and after two earthquakes this morning, one in the eruptive , at 04:05 has had no appreciable amplitude. Magnitude between 1.2 and 0.9. New quakes 6. depth 10, 14, 16 and 19km. Days ago 1. Yesterday 4. Today van 2. A total of 12,009 earthquakes are located in El Hierro by IGN from 9:00 am of July 19, 2011 (Enrique).

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The seismicity map of the last two weeks you can see the circular zone of seismicity of the past days with the strongest earthquakes in the area and perimeter and located seismicity has been migrating south these last days, today (pink) were to the south in the Sea of las Calmas, one of them, 0.9, has been right on the eruptive area and has no depth and the other to the NW a little after about 10km. Yesterday's (green) were further north in the Cala Tacor�n, another under the Tanganasoga and the Sea of las Calmas.

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detected and located yesterday and today by the IGN in the area of the island of El Hierro and vicinity since the last note AVCAN:

1122364 19/01/2012 14:21:36 27.6599 -18.0660 1.1 mbLg SW EL PINAR.IHI
1122370 19/01/2012 16:10:22 27.6564 -18.0253 15.7 0.9 mbLg SW EL PINAR.IHI 12005

1122377 19/01/2012 20:10:10 27.7288 -18.0595 18.9 1.1 mbLg SW FRONTERA.IHI
1122378 19/01/2012 21:47:03 27.6678 -18.0272 13.8 1.2 mbLg SW EL PINAR.IHI

1122397 20/01/2012 03:40:49 27.6016 -18.0008 0.9 mbLg S EL PINAR.IHI
1122398 20/01/2012 03:46:39 27.6319 -18.0797 10.1 1.1 mbLg SW EL PINAR.IHI

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In this great bathymetric profile of the IEO can see the volcano in the Restinga of a much more apreiable and how it is on the edge of the ravine, but there is something else .. emission plumes ... is that besides the cone, right cone is another feather note of issue, which may be the beginning of another mouth and if you start out by volcanic material there to form another cone, this cone would gain height more rapidly to be in a flat and have now holding the cone material not so easily would roll downhill. I end with something important, is that more public information is more we get to see the reality of what is happening. (Enrique).

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Update 20/01 12:07 UTC
- A third very weak magnitude 0.4 earthquake occurred at 10:34 here
- We are a little surprised about the epicenters of the current earthquakes. All 3 are located in between 3 to 5 km out of the coast in the same area than the current vent. Additionally, for 2 earthquakes IGN has not given a focal depth (extremely shallow ? or just normal ?) . It proves at least that the magma is still pushing below the Las Calmas sea.

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IGN CONFIRMS THAT THE PAST IS EXCEEDED 12,000 S SEISMIC MOVEMENT IN EL HIERRO

20/01/2012 ... 16:01 - Ministry of Economy, Finance and Security

The tremor was the longest period of low amplitude from the onset of the eruption

The National Geographic Institute (IGN) has confirmed the direction of the Civil Protection Plan for Volcanic Risk (PEVOLCA) than during the day yesterday exceeded the 12,000 earthquakes in the island of El Hierro in the register 4 new moves.
Three of them were located in the Sea of ​​Calm at a depth less than 16 km and magnitudes between 0.9 and 1.2 on the Richter scale. At 20:10 hours, an earthquake in the interior of the island, 19 kilometers deep, at magnitude 1.1. None of these events was felt by the population.

Since last July have been recorded in El Hierro, therefore, 12 004 earthquakes.

In relation to the tremor signal, IGN noted that the tremor yesterday had the longest period of low amplitude since the beginning of the eruption: started at 13 hours and remained until the end of the day.

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We continue with volcanic activity in La Restinga. This is a smoldering pyroclastic or lava balls taken full degassing of a few minutes ago: http://hierroendirecto.movistar.es/ (JR)
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IEO Full report Bimbache 1011-7, including the details of the bathymetry study

This link thanks to ER reader Martin Rey. The report is in Spanish (translate via Google translator) and describes what IEO has been doing during the last Ramon Margalef mission on January 10 and 11. The number 7 behind 1011 indicates that this was the seventh mission of the IEO since they were called in to assist Pevolca with the eruption.
- a lot of seagulls at the jacuzzi spot


Update 21/01 – 07:54 UTC
- Each time the volcano tends to close and stop erupting, he/she is building up energy again. Almost flat HT at midnight and a low medium HT now.
- Lava balloons can be spotted at the beginning of the Jacuzzi, a lot more than yesterday
- Yesterday : 4 earthquakes ; Today : 1, M 1.1 at 00:30 at 11 km depth

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NOTE AVCAN 425 - EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY-VOLCANIC - HIERRO ISLAND - 21 January 2012-12:00 h peninsular - seismic-volcanic activity remains moderate, with some of seismicity located in the Sea of las Calmas in the area of peaks at the height Tanganasoga the sea and las Calmas with something of seismicity detected but not localized. Continued volcanic tremor signal in the eruption of the Restinga, and still very unstable, with loud explosions and many ups and downs hydromagmatic yesterday rose, unemployment at 21:55 and then stay at minimum has been rising, especially in the last hours, making mincemeat ejecta. Magnitude between 1.4 and 1.1. New earthquakes 3. Profundidada 11 and 14.5km. The day before yesterday 4. Yesterday 4. Today they 1. A total of 12,012 earthquakes are located in El Hierro by IGN from 9:00 am of July 19, 2011 (Enrique).

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Update 21/01 – 17:27 UTC
- Unfortunately the Telefonica / Cabildo eruption webcam has stopped working (again). We will be in the dark tonight.
- HT is subsiding gradually to minimum vales. No sudden decrease but a slowly decreasing signal.
- Even with a minimal HT, the jacuzzi waters are still very active
- NO new earthquakes since our 15:06 update

Update 21/01 – 15:06 UTC
- 2 new earthquakes occurred at 11:12 and 11:13 having a magnitude of 0.9 and 1.6 at a depth of resp. 13 km and 9 km.

Update 21/01 – 14:28 UTC – El Hierro lava under the microscope
ER reader Birgit Hartinger is a woman with a mission!. She loves nature and even more volcanoes. Birgit works for the Ars Electronica Center, a Museum of the Future—the place where all the diverse blends of artistic genres, scientific domains and technological directions are displayed and processed, as the site claims in his website.
Birgit got the authorization from her employer to use (outside her normal working hours) the incredible expensive microscopes for her hobby, “microscopic images of lava from all over the world“.
Earthquake-Report.com admires Birgit for her effort even more, because she is publishing the results in her Flickr open source library and not hided in a dark corner like science mostly operates (there are a number of scientists rowing against the stream who we also admire).
Now, Birgit needs your cooperation. We know that we have a lot of volcano enthusiasts among our readers and we would ask them a favor whenever they are near a volcano (even a volcano who has not erupted in a long time like lava from the other Canary Islands). For her work, Birgit needs only a tea-spoon of material who can easily be send by envelope or small parcel (please do NOT send complete lava balloons ). Do not forget to add as much as info as possible. The lava samples can be send to : ARS Electronica Center, att. Mrs. Birgit Hartinger, Ars Electronica Strasse 1 4040 Linz Austria.
Birgit has stressed that reuse of her images is allowed for non-commercial purpose and if the source is mentioned.
On behalf of our readers, thank you Birgit.

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Update 22/01 – 07:56 UTC
- No harmonic tremor this morning after a night with great changes from minor to almost max. and minor again. The current minor HT came certainly after a vent collapse
- strong Jacuzzi degassing
- eruption webcam working again
-A total of 5 earthquakes yesterday. The magma is still pushing to find his way to the surface
- NO earthquakes so far today

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NOTE AVCAN 426 - EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY-VOLCANIC - HIERRO ISLAND - 22 January 2012-12:00 h peninsular - seismic-volcanic activity remains moderate, one in the mountain area east of Tanganasoga, two in the Julan and one in the Llanillos , also with some of seismicity detected but not localized. Continued volcanic tremor signal in the eruption of the Restinga, and still very unstable, with loud explosions hydromagmatic and ups and downs, went up yesterday and this morning has stopped and has been in the last hours minimum, the material making mincemeat ejected. Magnitude between 1.6 and 0.9. New earthquakes 4. Profundidada 8.5, 12.6, 13.5 and 13.5km. The day before yesterday 4. Yesterday 5. Now go 0. A total of 12,016 earthquakes are located in El Hierro by IGN from 9:00 am of July 19, 2011 (Enrique).

detected and located yesterday and today by the IGN in the area of the island of El Hierro and vicinity since the last note AVCAN:

1122535 21/01/2012 11:12:53 27.7369 -18.0391 13.5 0.9 mbLg SW FRONTERA.IHI
1122536 21/01/2012 11:13:28 27.7131 -18.0496 8.5 1.6 mbLg SW FRONTERA.IHI
1122570 21/01/2012 21:19:31 27.6897 -18.0387 13.5 1.3 mbLg SW EL PINAR.IHI

1122583 21/01/2012 21:58:31 27.6955 -18.0531 12.6 1.2 mbLg W EL PINAR.IHI

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Update 22/01 – 18:39 UTC
- There we go again. HT shows a clear sign of collapsing vent, but will the volcano be strong enough to survive ? There is still a minimum signal present but as we know from earlier today, a minimum signal can mean still a big jacuzzi.
- Since 20:21 tonight 4 earthquakes occurred. 20:21 was after the collapse of the vent which means that the magma still looks for a way out and that the eruption cannot be labeled as close to the end. These multiple vent collapses have however a disadvantage as they are probably bad for the further building up of the cone. Here are the details of the earthquakes :
M 0.3 @ 20:21 @ 12 km depth
M 0.3 @ 20:35 @ 16 km depth
M 1.0 @ 21:21 @ 15 km depth
M 0.8 @ 22:14 @ 13 km depth

- still SLS Lava balloons coming up now and then. Mini fireworks maybe in the making tonight. We would of course love the fact thet the eruption webcam would be zoomed on the vent, but maybe we ask to much from a webcam operator who does not seem to understand what it all a bout.
- Joke Volta images from earlier today. Many pictures from the stain and for the eventual second vent. She made a study of it but as the stirring is not continuous, it is hard to determine what the exact location is. Same for us with the continuously moving webcam !?! We think that the possible location of the second vent is more towards La Restinga and closer to the current vent.
ER point of view : Based on the scale of the IEO map (see update 20/01 – 12:50) the vent is 430 meter more to the coast and is currently at a depth of 210 meter. The only thing that we do not know is the direction of this new vent in relation to the always active shallower one. It corresponds more or less with the activity we have seen yesterday in the webcam, however it is only a guess as the IEO science people are not disclosing all details.

Een paar plaatjes

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23/01/2012 @ 08:47 – Scientists at the National Geographic Institute (IGN) have reported that the gas temperature in the interior of the lava fragments rose to 426 � C on Saturday (21/01/2012). This measurement was taken collecting samples, which were expelled to the surface of the mar de Las Calmas area starting at around 09.30. A greater amplitude of the tremor occurred at 10.00. A temperature of 19.7 � C in the emission area was recorded, compared to 19.0 � C in an unaffected area.

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Update 23/01 -10:02 UTC
- Harmonic tremor is very unstable but we have the feeling that more surface jacuzzi is taking place the last couple of days. It is an ever changing pattern of activity. Joke who is following this eruption since we started reporting in September is still amazed about what is happening. Being an artist, she sees the changing patterns and the ever changing colors as pieces of nature art. So do we (and probably also you).