Raad je Plaatje # 602 Voor drommen dommen

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ism was a movement of small businessmen founded to protest against sales tax in southern France. It began life in the summer of 1953 when founded the Union de Defense des Commercants et Artisans (UDCA) in the small town of St Cere, and by January 1956 it was sufficiently important to gain fifty-two seats in parliament. Few people now remember the precise details of ism's history, but the word ist enjoyed a second lease of life during the 1980s as a term of general political abuse. A journalist wrote a book on La France iste in which almost every disagreeable feature of French public life was described as a symptom of ism. In England the word has been used repeatedly with reference to one politician: Margaret Thatcher. Denis Healey described the then prime minister as a 'piggy bank ist' while the historian Ross Mckibbin described her as a 'neo- ist'; Dr Mckibbin has apparently spent many hours in his study reflecting on the differences between ism and neo- ism.

It would be easy to mock the equation of ism and Thatcherism. The most marked elements in 's canon – opposition to big business, anti-Americanism, distaste for Jewish ministers, support for ... etc

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Op woensdag 30 augustus 2006 17:16 schreef NoSigar het volgende:
Nou hoeft het voor mij niet meer hoor, pffff . .

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Op woensdag 30 augustus 2006 17:17 schreef wyccie het volgende:
Tao?

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Op woensdag 30 augustus 2006 17:31 schreef Gellius het volgende:
Ik heb geen idee!

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Pierre Poujade

Shooting star of a 1950s small traders' revolt

Douglas Johnson
Thursday August 28, 2003
The Guardian


It is rare for French politicians to give their names to particular types of action and attitude. "Gaullism" is firmly established in the dictionaries as one would expect. But "Poujadism" is also present, and shows every sign of remaining. "Poujadiste" denotes support for revolt and protest, hostility to government taxation, defence of the small man, the small business, the small town. Yet Pierre Poujade, who has died aged 82, was a national figure for only a short period of time, essentially from 1954 to 1956.

Poujade rose from obscurity, and after a forceful and emphatic presence, he became less important and retired back to obscurity. He was born at Saint-Céré, in the department of the Lot, the youngest in a family of seven. His father, who died in 1928, was an architect with extreme-right political views; his mother had to struggle to bring up her family, as they were very poor.
Poujade went to the communal school and wished to continue his education in the religious college at nearby Aurillac, but he had to leave as his mother could not continue to pay the fees. He was forced to take various manual jobs, which he found humiliating. He supported the leftwing Popular Front government led by the socialist Léon Blum in 1936, because he thought that he would benefit from their social legislation, but his political sympathies lay with the extreme right, and he was a follower of the proto-fascist Jacques Doriot.

In 1939 he joined the French air force, but was discharged because of illness. After the fall of France in spring 1940, he supported Marshal Pétain, who led the collaborationist Vichy regime in that area of France not under German occupation, but when the Germans took over the whole of France, including Saint Céré, in November 1942, he made his way to Algiers and again joined the French air force. However, once more he became ill, and in hospital he met a nurse who was the daughter of a French settler. They married and Poujade adopted her Gaullist sympathies. He made his way to London and served with the Royal Air Force.

After the war he returned to Saint Céré. For a time he worked as a commercial traveller selling books, but in his desire for independence he acquired a small shop, selling stationery and other goods. He soon found himself in financial difficulties, suffering under a taxation system administered by unsympathetic officials, usually from Paris. In July 1953, when he was already a municipal councillor, he learned that Saint Céré was to be visited by a delegation of tax inspectors. He organised a movement of resistance against them. This was the beginning of the movement which led to the creation of the Union de Défense des Commerçants et Artisans (Udca), an organisation that spread through neighbouring departments to cover most of France and certain areas in Algeria.

By 1955, Udca had a membership of more than 200,000. It claimed to represent not only artisans and small traders, but also peasants and wine-growers. It was no longer a purely anti-fiscal movement, but sought to protect those small enterprises that were threatened by new industries and by large-scale management, and it worked with parallel organisations, such as the Union for the Defence of the Peasantry. It had a newspaper, Fraternité Française. It held its first national congress in Algiers, and although it was contemptuous of existing political organisations, Poujade made his own political party, Union et Fraternité Française.

The situation at the time greatly assisted Poujade and his movement. The fall of René Mayer's government in May 1953 was followed by a period of some 37 days during which a successor was desperately sought. As the chansonniers of the time said, they searched and they searched and they could not find anyone. They found nobody, personne. But then personne turned out to be called Joseph Laniel, a nonentity who was prime minister from June 1953 to June 1954. After Laniel came Pierre Mendès France, from June 1954 to March 1955.

Mendès France was totally unacceptable to Poujade. He abandoned Indo-China, he believed in modernisation, he was Jewish, and above all, he drank milk when he should have been drinking red wine.

Because the Fourth Republic seemed decadent, Poujade determined to have Poujadiste candidates in the surprise election of January 2 1956, although he refused to stand himself, emphasising that France would only be saved by the calling of a new Estates-General. The result was surprising. The Poujadists won 12% of the votes cast and 52 members were elected to the Assembly.

But the moment of triumph was also, for Poujade himself, the moment of decline. The weakness and inadequacies of his position were only too evident. He had organised a movement of protest. Apart from this he had organised nostalgia, regret for the France of the old days with small farms and small shops, a powerful army and a colonial empire. He had always been quarrelsome: now he was soon at odds with those deputies who had been elected in his name. He was seeking interviews with de Gaulle and for audiences with the Pope. He had been thought dangerous. Now he was ridiculous, "Poujadolf" as some called him, an unsuccessful conspirator.

He spoke less and appeared less in public. He accepted the Fifth Republic and its leaders. His last fling was to put forward candidates in the European elections of 1979, but they received less than 1% of votes cast. He returned to Saint Céré and continued to represent his union, still speaking on issues affecting small businesses. Some suggest that his greatest claim to fame will be that it was his movement which launched Jean-Marie Le Pen and his extreme rightwing National Front in the early 1970s. But all are agreed that his final retirement was dignified.

He is survived by his wife Yvette Seva, three sons and two daughters.

· Pierre Poujade, political campaigner, born December 1 1920; died August 27 2003.

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Op woensdag 30 augustus 2006 18:44 schreef tong80 het volgende:
Hallo mensen ik was gisteren moe. Anders had ik wel op von Stroheim moeten komen.