[centraal] Irak na de oorlog deel 28

quote:

Op maandag 22 augustus 2005 17:56 schreef HarigeKerel het volgende:

[..]

Mja
Nou als het lukt met het moderniseren en op orde brengen van het Iraakse leger mogen ze van mij dat hele Fahd-Arabie wel innemen

quote:

More money is coming in, probably from Arab countries, and a unit of Qaeda fighters has returned to the region from Iraq to teach local fighters an unspecified "new tactic they learned in Iraq," one security official said, explaining that he could not be identified because of the clandestine nature of his work.

quote:

Op maandag 22 augustus 2005 19:17 schreef Umm-Qasr het volgende:
Heb je ook een link naar dit? En ajb geen debka ...

quote:

Geruzie over grondwet Irak naar climax

Soennieten zijn woedend over federalisering

Terwijl vannacht de deadline voor Iraks grondwet afliep lag, na een week uitstel, nog steeds geen voorstel op tafel waar iedereen zich in kon vinden. Parlementsvoorzitter Hassani wist een dreigende scheuring nog uit te stellen door een overlegperiode van drie dagen in te lassen.
Met name federalisering van Irak is een heet hangijzer. De sjiieten dreigden gisteravond een voorstel door het parlement te drukken dat zich daarop baseert. Maar de soennieten, in de minderheid, dreigden de constitutie in een referendum te verwerpen en waarschuwden voor een burgeroorlog.
De soennieten zijn tegen een federale republiek. Zij vrezen te marginaliseren in een federale staat en zijn bang dat een federaal Irak uiteindelijk uiteen zal vallen. De Koerden in het noorden en de sjiieten in het zuiden wonen in olierijk gebied en de soennieten vrezen dat zij er bij de verdeling van de oliegelden wel eens bekaaid vanaf zouden kunnen komen als er geen krachtig centraal gezag is.
Het voorstel zoals dat gisteren in handen kwam van persbureau Reuters geeft de soennieten reden tot zorg. In de tekst werd gesproken over Irak als een 'federale republiek'. Details over de omvang van de autonomie moeten volgens betrokkenen nog worden uitgewerkt en zijn opzettelijk vaag gehouden.

De soennieten zijn woedend over de uitgelekte plannen en reppen van een "breuk in de consensus". Zij staan erop dat het woord 'federalisme' uit de grondwet wordt gelaten en dreigen in bedekte termen met een burgeroorlog indien dat niet gebeurt. "Als deze grondwet wordt aangenomen, dan zal de rebellie een hoogtepunt bereiken", aldus de soennitische gedelegeerde Hoessein Sjoekoer al- Falloeji.
De constitutie werd vannacht, enkele minuten voor het verlopen van de deadline voorgelegd aan de Nationale Assemblee, zodat de volksvertegenwoordiging niet hoefde worden ontbonden. Maar het voorstel werd dus nog niet in stemming genomen; daarvoor zijn nu drie dagen extra overleg ingebouwd.
Mocht het voorstel uiteindelijk worden aangenomen, en de sjiieten beschikken over een comfortabele meerderheid, dan mag de Iraakse bevolking zich op 15 oktober per referendum uitspreken over de constitutie.
Over de rol van de islam, een ander heet hangijzer, bestaat nu wel overeenstemming. De islam wordt "een belangrijke bron van wetgeving", zei de parlementsvoorzitter zondag. Met name sjiieten hadden gepleit voor de islam als 'enige bron van wetgeving' en – dus – invoering van de sjaria.

quote:

Over de rol van de islam, een ander heet hangijzer, bestaat nu wel overeenstemming. De islam wordt "een belangrijke bron van wetgeving", zei de parlementsvoorzitter zondag. Met name sjiieten hadden gepleit voor de islam als 'enige bron van wetgeving' en – dus – invoering van de sjaria.

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 11:57 schreef Umm-Qasr het volgende:

[..]

De Telegraaf geilt zo enorm op de term Sharia ; de shi'ieten hebben afgesproken dat Islam een belangrijke bron voor wetgeving zal zijn en niet meer.

quote:

Article One

The Republic of Iraq is an independent state.

Article Two

The political system is republican, parliamentary, democratic and federal.

1. Islam is a main source for legislation.

• a. No law may contradict Islamic standards.

• b. No law may contradict democratic standards.

• c. No law may contradict the essential rights and freedoms mentioned in this constitution.

2. This constitution guarantees the Islamic identity of the Iraqi people and guarantees all religious rights; all persons are free within their ideology and the practice of their ideological practices.

3. Iraq is part of the Islamic world, and the Arabs are part of the Arab nation.

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 11:57 schreef Umm-Qasr het volgende:

[..]

De Telegraaf geilt zo enorm op de term Sharia ; de shi'ieten hebben afgesproken dat Islam een belangrijke bron voor wetgeving zal zijn en niet meer.

quote:

Shiites bring rigid piety to Iraq's south
BASRA, IRAQ – In Basra these days, it's not uncommon to see armed men from Shiite religious groups standing at the gates of Basra University, scrutinizing female students to make sure their dresses are the right length and their makeup properly modest.

Any woman violating their standards of Muslim dignity, relates Henan, a psychology student, is ordered home. "These religious militiamen tell us how to dress, and prevent us from listening to music in public or interacting with male students," she says. "It makes me burn inside."

Henan is not the only Basran furious at the extremist Shiite Muslims who now dominate this southern Iraqi port city bordering Iran. Especially among the middle and intellectual classes, an increasing drumbeat of resentment is rising about what many see as a distortion of Basra's traditionally easygoing, tolerant attitudes toward life.

"No alcohol, no music CDs, woman forced to wear hijab, people murdered in the streets - this is not the city I remember," says Samir, an editor of one of Basra's largest newspapers. (His name, and others, have been changed for security reasons.) "In the past, Basra revolted against attempts to make it too Islamic."

One woman living in Basra says, "Before, we had Saddam; now we have religious parties and militias. To them, a woman's smile is a crime."

With the fall of Saddam Hussein in April 2003, Shiite organizations, many with close associations with Iran, seized political control of the south. The Jan. 30 elections solidified their power, especially in Basra, where 35 out of the 41 members of the province's Governing Council (GC) belong to such groups as Dawa Islamiyya or the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI). And despite some minor doctrinal differences, their vision of this city is clear.

"Today, our society is changing, becoming more religious," says provincial governor Mohammad al-Waali, who belongs to the Fadhallah (Virtue) Party. "We must reflect that Basra is becoming a purely Islamic city."

Sunnis, in particular, are unhappy with this fledgling Shiite theocracy. "After the fall of Saddam, we expected a degree of political oppression from the Shiite majority," says Jamal Khazaal, director of the Basra headquarters of the Islamic Religious Party, a predominantly Sunni group. "But in many ways, this is more difficult than we anticipated."

Others contend that devotion to extreme Islam does not itself solve Basra's problems. "These people held power for two years, and what did they accomplish?" says Samir. "Basra is in shambles, we are without electricity, fresh water, and security. They didn't even give us hope."

Others criticize GC members for, among other things, a lack of education (some have not graduated from secondary school), questionable business dealings (one member oversaw a multimillion-dollar road construction project that never materialized), and ties to Iran (a Ministry of Defense official in Basra claims that "50 percent" of the GC have ties to the Islamic Republic).

"We have over 70 political parties, many without any constituents," says one academic. "Where do they get their funding? And whose interests do they serve - Basra's or Tehran's?"

If Iran casts a political shadow over Basra, its influence on the city's social life is even greater. Over the past year, for example, many women changed their hijab style from the traditional Iraqi buknuk, or tight-fitting cowl, to the looser Iranian-style scarf. "But of course, the whole idea of compulsory hijab is Iranian," says Salaam Wendy, a Basran who recently returned to the city after living overseas for 20 years. "In the 1960s and 70s, you rarely saw women in Basra covered."

As for the bans on alcohol, music CDs, or general mingling of the sexes, "This is Iranian, too," says Mr. Wendy. "In the past, Basra had bars, casinos, nightclubs - it had life. Basra has really become an Iranian city. I no longer recognize it."

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 12:14 schreef Umm-Qasr het volgende:
Dan kies ik voor mijn eieren bij AP ...

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 12:18 schreef McCarthy het volgende:
gewoon splitsen dat land in een koerdiesch deel, een soenitisch deel en een sjiitisch deel. Hoeven die bevolkingsgroepen niks meer met elkaar te maken hebben, zij nwe meteen van al het gezeik af.

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 12:14 schreef schatje het volgende:

[..]

Ja, dat geen enkele wet in strijd mag zijn met de Islam.

Als je ziet wat er nu al in praktijk in het zuiden van Irak gebeurt moet je je toch wel zorgen maken.
[..]

bron

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 12:21 schreef Monidique het volgende:

[..]

Ja, geef de groep die al minstens tachtig jaar aan de macht is en beschikt over militaire ervaring en redelijk wat buitenlandse steun maar een stuk woestijngrond waar geen olie is, dan zal het gezeik wel ophouden, ja.

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 12:24 schreef McCarthy het volgende:

[..]

de sjiieten hadden geen steun van Iran wil je zeggen?
Wat is nou het probleem? De soenieten krijgen bovendien Bagdad hoor

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 12:26 schreef Monidique het volgende:

[..]

Ze krijgen allemaal wel steun, maar juist daarom ben je niet opeens van het gezeik af als je het land in drieën splitst.

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 12:32 schreef Umm-Qasr het volgende:

[..]

Waaruit blijkt die steun dan wel?? Het enige wat Iran wil is Irak zo instabiel mogelijk maken voor de US om er zelf beter van te worden.

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 13:15 schreef Umm-Qasr het volgende:
SCIRI krijgt sowieso wel wat maar staat niet onder directe controle van Iran.

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 13:26 schreef Monidique het volgende:
Als je Irak op zou delen in drie stukken, zoals McCarthy suggereert, dan ben je absoluut niet van het gezeik af, het zou zelfs erger kunnen worden.

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 12:26 schreef Monidique het volgende:

[..]

Ze krijgen allemaal wel steun, maar juist daarom ben je niet opeens van het gezeik af als je het land in drieën splitst.

quote:

Op dinsdag 23 augustus 2005 14:21 schreef Basp1 het volgende:


Ja want dan beginnen de koerden in turkije ook in opstand te komen.

quote:

<sub>Text of Proposed Iraq Constitution

Chapter One

Article One

The Republic of Iraq is an independent state.

Article Two

The political system is republican, parliamentary, democratic and federal.

1. Islam is a main source for legislation.

-- a. No law may contradict Islamic standards.

-- b. No law may contradict democratic standards.

-- c. No law may contradict the essential rights and freedoms mentioned in this constitution.

2. This constitution guarantees the Islamic identity of the Iraqi people and guarantees all religious rights; all persons are free within their ideology and the practice of their ideological practices.

3. Iraq is part of the Islamic world, and the Arabs are part of the Arab nation.

4.

a. Arabic and Kurdish are the two official languages, and Iraqis have the right to teach their sons their mother language like the Turkomen and Assyrian in the government educational institutes.

b. The language used orally in official institutions such as the Parliament and the Cabinet as well as official conventions should be one of the two languages.

c. Recognizing the official documents with the two languages.

d. Opening the schools with two languages.

Article Three

Federal institutions in Kurdistan should use the two languages.

Article Four

The Turkomen and Assyrian languages are the official languages in the Turkomen and Assyrian areas, and each territory or province has the right to use its own official language if residents have approved in a general referendum vote.

Article Five

Power is transferred peacefully through democratic ways.

Article Seven

1. Any organization that follow a racist, terrorist, extremist, sectarian-cleaning ideology or circulates or justifies such beliefs is banned, especially Saddam's Baath Party in Iraq and its symbols under any name. And this should not be part of the political pluralism in Iraq.

2. The government is committed to fighting terrorism in all its forms, and works to protect Iraqi soil from being a center or passage for terrorist activities.

CHAPTER TWO

Article 35

-- a. Human freedom and dignity are guaranteed.

-- b. No person can be detained or interrogated without a judicial order.

-- c. All kinds of physical and psychological torture and inhumane treatment are prohibited, and any confession is considered void if it was taken by force, threats and torture. The person who was harmed has the right to ask for compensation for the financial and moral damage he/she suffered.

Article 36

The State guarantees:

1. Freedom of expression by all means.

2. Freedom of the press, printing, advertising and publishing.

Article 37

Freedom to establish political groups and organizations.

Article 39

Iraqis are free to abide in their personal lives according to their religion, sects, beliefs or choice. This should be organized by law.

CHAPTER THREE

Article 66

A presidential candidate should:

1. Be Iraqi by birth and the offspring of two Iraqi parents.

2. Be no less than 40 years old.

3. Have a good reputation and political experience, and be known as honest and faithful to the nation.

Article 75

The prime minister should have all the qualifications as the presidential candidate and should have a university degree or its equivalent and should not be less than 35 years old.

Article 104

A general commission should be set up to observe and specify the central (government) revenues, and the commission should be made up of experts from the central government, regions, provinces and representatives.

CHAPTER 4:

Article 107

Federal authorities should preserve Iraq's unity, security, independence and sovereignty and its democratic federal system.

Article 109

Oil and gas are the property of all the Iraqi people in regions and provinces.

Article 110

The central government administers oil and gas extracted from current wells, along with governments of the producing regions and provinces, on the condition that revenues are distributed in a way that suits population distribution around the country.

CHAPTER FIVE

Article 114

1. A region consists of one or more provinces, and two or more regions have the right to create a single region.

2. A province or more has the right to set a region according to a referendum called for in one of two ways:

-- a. A demand by one-third of all members of each of the provincial councils that aims to set up a region.

-- b. A demand by one-tenth of voters of the provinces that aim to set up a region.

Article 117

A region's legislative authority is made up of one council, named the National Assembly of the region.

Article 118

The National Council of the region drafts the region's constitution and issues laws, which must not contradict this constitution and Iraq's central laws.

Article 120

The executive authority of the region is made up of the president of the region and the region's government.

Article 128

The region's revenues are made up from the specified allotment from the national budget and from the local revenues of the region.

Article 129

The regional government does what is needed to administer the region, especially setting up internal security forces, such as police, security and region guards.

Article 135

This constitution guarantees the administrative, political, cultural and educational rights of different ethnic groups such as Turkomen, Chaldean, Assyrians and other groups.

CHAPTER SIX

Article 144

The Iraq Supreme Criminal Court continues its work as a legislative, independent commission to look into the crimes of the former dictatorial regime and its symbols, and the Council of Deputies has the right to annul it after it ends its duties.

Article 145

a. The Supreme National Commission for de-Baathification continues its work as an independent commission, in coordination with the judicial authority and executive institutions and according to laws that organize its work.

b. Parliament has the right to dissolve this commission after it ends its work, with a two-thirds majority.

Article 151

No less than 25 percent of Council of Deputies seats go to women.

Article 153

This law is considered in force after people vote on it in a general referendum and when it is published in the official Gazette and the Council of Deputies is elected according to it.</sub>