Oorlog Israël / Palestina #48

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Hamas, an acronym in Arabic for “Islamic resistance movement,” emerged out of the first Palestinian intifada, or uprising, in 1987. It was co-founded by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and six others, originally as a local offshoot of Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood. Hamas and Iran both wanted to see Israel replaced by the Islamic state of Palestine. Yet Hamas initially had little connection to Iran due to sectarian differences, Tehran’s ties to Islamic Jihad, and the Hamas desire to be an independent resistance movement.

Relations between Iran and Hamas developed after the PLO called for making peace with Israel. In 1990, Tehran hosted a conference on support for Palestine, which Hamas attended but Arafat did not. In the early 1990s, a Hamas delegation led by Mousa Abu Marzouk held talks Tehran with key officials, including Ayatollah Khamenei. Iran pledged military and financial support – reportedly $30 million annually – as well as advanced military training for thousands of Hamas activists at Revolutionary Guard bases in Iran and Lebanon. Hamas also opened an office in Tehran and declared that Iran and Hamas shared an “identical view in the strategic outlook toward the Palestinian cause in its Islamic dimension.”

Tehran continued support for Hamas throughout the intifada. Aid steadily increased after Arafat’s death in 2004 and Israel’s withdrawal from Gaza in 2005. But Hamas’ surprise victory in the 2006 Palestinian elections dramatically transformed its relations with Iran. Tehran stepped in rescue the nearly bankrupt Palestinian Authority in Gaza, now under Hamas control, after foreign aid dried up. When Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh visited Tehran in December 2006, Iran reportedly pledged $250 million in aid.

Iran reportedly provided military aid and training for dozens of men in Hamas’ military wing, the Izz ad-Din al Qassam Brigades. Iran also allegedly supplied much of the military equipment that Hamas used against Israel in the December 2008 Gaza war. Hamas leader Khaled Mashaal visited Tehran in February 2009, after the war ended, to thank Iran for its help during the conflict, citing Iran as a “partner in victory.”

But the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011 caused a rift between Tehran and Hamas. Although they had previously overlooked sectarian differences, the relationship became complicated when Tehran backed Syrian President Bashar al Assad, a member of the Shiite Alawite sect, and Hamas aligned with Sunni rebels. In 2012, Hamas began looking to Qatar as an alternative financial backer to Iran. Hamas leaders even relocated to Qatar from Syria.

In November 2012, tit for tat violence between Israel and militants in Gaza reached a boiling point. Israel launched Operation Pillar of Defense, starting with the targeted killing of Ahmed Jabari, the Hamas military chief in Gaza. During the eight-day conflict, at least 150 Palestinians and six Israelis were killed. Iranian officials took credit for supporting Hamas and others during the conflict. “We proudly say we support the Palestinians, military and financially,” said Parliamentary Speaker Ali Larijani. Militants fired Iranian-made Fajr 5 rockets at Israeli cities during the conflict. Billboards thanking Iran for the rockets appeared in Gaza shortly after.

The 2014 Gaza war provided another opportunity to repair the relationship between Hama and Iran. Tensions between Israel and Hamas again escalated after Hamas kidnapped and killed two Israeli teenagers. The two sides exchanged airstrikes and rocket attacks for seven weeks. The conflict killed more than 2,000 Palestinians, and Israeli strikes destroyed much of Hamas’ underground tunnel network.

In August 2014, Rouhani called Israel’s actions “systematic, illegal, and inhumane crimes against the Palestinians.” The Revolutionary Guards reportedly sent tens of millions of dollars to Hamas over the next few months to help rebuild its tunnel network.

By early 2015, however, the relationship still faced challenges. In March, Hamas expressed tacit support for the Saudi-led military campaign against the Houthis in Yemen. Iran, however, condemned the intervention.

Saudi Arabia, whose ties with Hamas had previously been strained over the group’s links to Iran, hosted a delegation of Hamas leaders in July 2015 – the first such visit in more than three years. The visit angered Iranian officials, who reportedly canceled a Hamas visit to Iran the following month.

The visit held potential benefits for both Hamas and Saudi Arabia. Hamas could push for additional financial backing by playing off the Iran-Saudi Arabia rivalry. And improved ties with Hamas could help Saudi Arabia consolidate its influence among Sunni groups. At the end of July, Hamas leaders claimed that Iran had cut off its financial support.

In August 2015, Hamas Deputy Foreign Minister Ghazi Hamad said bilateral relations with Iran were “no good at all.” He told The Washington Post that the group’s problems with Iran were “well known.” But Hamad also said that the group did not want to lose Iran’s support. The exact status of the relationship was not clear. In November 2015, a top advisor to the supreme leader mentioned that Iran would never stop helping Hamas. In December 2015, a Hamas representative in Tehran, Khaled Ghadoumi, met with Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif. He highlighted a need to develop the Iran-Hamas relationship. Also in December, the deputy chief of Hamas’ political bureau, Ismail Haniyeh, appealed for Iranian support of a new intifada against Israel. In the video message, published by Iranian media outlet Raja News, Haniyeh recalled how important Palestine is to the Islamic Revolution, Iran’s government and the Iranian people. Haniyeh’s request came after knife stabbings by Palestinians killed more than a dozen Israelis and Israeli reprisals resulted in the deaths of more than 100 Palestinians.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:07 schreef Frutsel het volgende:

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Ik ben er van overtuigd dat landen in het nauw ze wel degelijk gaan gebruiken. Als Israel onder de voet zou worden gelopen dan gaan al die nukes richting hun vijanden.
Enige landen waarvan ik twijfel of ze offensief ingezet gaan worden zijn Rusland en Noord Korea.

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The Samson Option (Hebrew: ????? ?????, b'rerat shimshon) is the name that some military analysts and authors have given to Israel's deterrence strategy of massive retaliation with nuclear weapons as a "last resort" against a country whose military has invaded and/or destroyed much of Israel.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:04 schreef slashdotter3 het volgende:

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Jep, af en toe sta ik me af te vragen hoe Libanon er nu zou uitzien als ze de Palestijnen niet hadden toegelaten

ClaudeAI:

The influx of Palestinian militants and refugees into Lebanon after Black September in 1970 was a major factor that destabilized the country and contributed to the Lebanese Civil War:

Around 15,000 Palestinian fighters and tens of thousands of refugees fled into Lebanon after being expelled from Jordan by King Hussein's forces.

This upset Lebanon's delicate sectarian balance between Christians and Muslims. The Palestinians allied with Lebanese Muslim and left-wing groups.

Palestinian militias like the PLO set up quasi-state organizations and bases in southern Lebanon, from which they launched attacks against Israel.

Israel responded with retaliation strikes and invasions, further dragging Lebanon into the Arab-Israeli conflict against its will.

Tensions rose between Lebanese Christians who opposed the Palestinians and their Muslim and leftist Lebanese allies who supported them.

Deadly clashes eventually erupted in 1975, kicking off the 15-year Lebanese Civil War between varied religious and political factions.

The civil war devastated Lebanon socially and economically. It also transformed southern Lebanon into a lawless problem area due to the Palestinian presence.

So the spillover effects of Black September, sending Palestinians into Lebanon, exacerbated existing tensions there and helped set the stage for violent conflict and state breakdown. Lebanon suffered greatly as a result.

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Q: why did they went to libanon and not syria?

There were a few key reasons why many Palestinian militants and refugees fleeing Jordan in 1970 went to Lebanon rather than Syria:

Hostility from Syria - Syria had actively supported the Jordanian government during Black September and the crackdown on Palestinians. Many Palestinians felt unwelcome in Syria.

Geography - Southern Lebanon was much nearer and more accessible to fleeing Palestinians than Syria. The border offered an easy refuge.

Existing Palestinian presence - There was already a significant pre-existing Palestinian population in refugee camps in Lebanon, providing communities and support networks.

Weaker central authority - Lebanon had a more decentralized political system and weaker central government compared to authoritarian Syria. This allowed Palestinians more autonomy.

Christian leadership - The pro-Western Christian leadership in Lebanon was initially more accommodating towards the Palestinians than the Ba'athist regime in Syria.

Economic opportunity - Lebanon offered job prospects in construction and services sectors rebuilding after its own civil war, unlike Syria which was still developing economically.

So in summary, a combination of Syrian hostility, geographic proximity, existing communities in Lebanon, its weaker state structure, and economic pull factors encouraged most Palestinians expelled from Jordan to seek refuge in Lebanon rather than Syria.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:05 schreef HowardRoark het volgende:

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Dit. En daarom ook geen tenenkrommende leugens als rechtvaardiging meer voor zulk barbaars terrorisme, zoals:

'Ja, maar er wonen wel Joden op de Westelijke Jordaanoever!'
'Ja, maar Amnesty zegt ...'
'Ja, maar er is wel een apartheidsregime hoor'
'Ja, maar de Gazastrook is een openluchtgevangenis'

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:14 schreef opgebaarde het volgende:

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Bovenstaande vier regels kunnen prima gezegd worden zonder dat daarmee de daden van Hamas rechtvaardigt worden

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:19 schreef HowardRoark het volgende:
Bovendien worden ze dus wél de hele tijd gebruikt om gruwelijk terreur te rechtvaardigen.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:22 schreef Aether het volgende:
[ twitter ]

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:19 schreef HowardRoark het volgende:

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Het zijn in de laatste twee gevallen leugens en in de eerste twee non-issues. Het wekt dus de vraag op waarom je deze regels zou uitspreken. Bovendien worden ze dus wél de hele tijd gebruikt om gruwelijk terreur te rechtvaardigen.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:22 schreef Aether het volgende:
[ twitter ]

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 11:40 schreef PS. het volgende:
Ach in Palestina delen ze wapens uit aan kleine kinderen.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:22 schreef Aether het volgende:
[ twitter ]

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:22 schreef Vis1980 het volgende:

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Dat maak jij ervan, haatbaard.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:24 schreef opgebaarde het volgende:

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Over die laatste claim (openluchtgevangenis) ben ik het met je eens. Die andere (apartheidstaat) daar ben ik het niet mee eens en 24% van de Amerikaanse Joden is het ook met jou oneens

https://www.jewishelector(...)-is-apartheid-state/

Of

https://www.haaretz.com/u(...)5a-a57f-dbea1c830000

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:13 schreef nixxx het volgende:
Around 15,000 Palestinian fighters and tens of thousands of refugees fled into Lebanon after being expelled from Jordan by King Hussein's forces.

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Around 15,000 Palestinian fighters and tens of thousands of refugees fled into Lebanon after being expelled from Jordan by King Hussein's forces.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:22 schreef Aether het volgende:
[ twitter ]

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:22 schreef Aether het volgende:
[ twitter ]

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:27 schreef HowardRoark het volgende:

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Dit zal niemand meer verbazen. Rusland heeft een lange geschiedenis van antisemitisme.
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Haatbaard? Ik benoem slechts wat er op allerlei plekken te zien is. Dit soort teksten (in combinatie met andere leugens en verzinsels) worden daadwerkelijk gebruikt om terrorisme te rechtvaardigen.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:29 schreef Cause-mayhem2 het volgende:

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Wtf?

Gewoon op klaarlichte dag, met anderen eromheen en dan ook nog een gemiddelde Greta (of hoe je de Russische variant daarvan ook noemt) ipv een of andere kaalkop.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:30 schreef Vis1980 het volgende:

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Nee, je maakt een relevante discussie dood, door doodnormale argumenten te bestempelen als 'echt niet', terwijl je al twee dagen schuimend loop te verkondigen dat ze daar allemaal dood moeten, ook als het geen Hamas is. Dus ja, haatbaard.

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:31 schreef HowardRoark het volgende:
Het was schijnbaar weer gezellig in Sydney gisteren. Dit is dus wat men steunt met Palestijnse sympathieën.

[ twitter ]

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Op dinsdag 10 oktober 2023 12:27 schreef HowardRoark het volgende:

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Amerikaanse Joden, tja. Daar noem je dan ook een groep. Het is niet verbazingwekkend dat ook zij zijn gevallen voor zulke propaganda.