WKN Weer, Klimaat en Natuurrampen
Lees alles over het onstuimige weer op onze planeet, volg orkanen en tornado's, zie hoe vulkanen uitbarsten en hoe Moeder Aarde beeft bij een aardbeving. Alles over de verwoestende kracht van onze planeet en tal van andere natuurverschijnselen.
quote:Mount St. Helens ‘recharging’ amid increase in earthquake activity: USGS
PORTLAND, Ore. (KOIN) — Earthquake activity around Mount St. Helens spiked to nearly 350 quakes between February 1, 2024, and June 18, 2024, and officials say it may be a sign of “recharging” activity.
The increase in earthquake activity has only been small-magnitude quakes, but an increase nonetheless.
“Over the past several months, small magnitude earthquakes have been located at Mount St. Helens,” the Cascades Volcano Observatory said. “The seismicity is similar to what was observed at this volcano from July to December 2023. No significant changes have been observed in other monitoring parameters and there is no change in alert levels at this time. Mount St. Helens remains at normal, background levels of activity.”
USGS seismicity increase around Mount St. Helens (courtesy USGS)
According to an X post from the USGS Volcanoes, the seismic activity seen recently could mean the arrival of additional magma known as a process called “recharge.”
“Small magnitude earthquakes located beneath Mount St. Helens at depths well below sea level are generally thought to be associated with pressurization of the magma transport system. One cause for this pressurization is the arrival of additional magma, a process called recharge.”
The Cascades Volcano Observatory went on to explain that “magma slowly rises through the lower crust and accumulates in a reservoir about 2.5 to 6 miles (4‒10 km) below sea level. Recharge events can occur when magma enters this upper reservoir and increases stresses that lead to earthquakes.”
The USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory says they will continue to monitor this activity and will provide any updates or warnings if warranted.
May marked 44 years since Mount St. Helens erupted, sending ash and debris across the Pacific Northwest. Fifty-seven people were killed in what is considered the deadliest volcanic eruption in the U.S.
Experts frequently note that earthquakes are simply part of what Mount St. Helens does. As Dr. Scott Burns, professor emeritus of engineering geology at Portland State University previously told Nexstar’s KOIN, Mount St. Helens has gone through “periods of coming back to life and then no activity, back to life and no activity” since its May 1980 eruption.
Burns, too, noted that magma is coming into Mount St. Helens’ crater in order to form the dome.
According to the USGS, Mount St. Helens is the second-most hazardous volcano in the U.S. behind Hawaii’s Kīlauea, which last erupted earlier this month.
Op welke manier komt er nou precies zoveel waterstof (tot wel 80%) vrij bij een vulkaanuitbarsting? Is dat als het een onderwateruitbarsting betreft of gewoon altijd .
blablablabla
quote:Increased seismicity at Santa Barbara volcano, alert level raised to V3, Azores
On June 26, 2024, the Institute of Volcanology of the University of the Azores (IVAR) increased the volcanic alert level for the Santa Barbara volcano on Terceira Island to V3, and the Third Fissural Volcanic System to V1, on a scale ranging from V0 (green, normal) to V6 (red, erupting), due to seismic crisis that has been affecting the western part of the island since June 24, 2022, which continues to increase.
Alert level 3 means that certain geophysical parameters (such as seismicity) are strongly elevated. While it is not likely for an eruption to occur anytime soon, there is an increased risk of minor steam explosions caused by the shallow hydrothermal system. Of course, the situation can develop further and needs close monitoring.
The seismic activity has so far involved mostly micro-earthquakes (i.e. below magnitudes of 2) and been centered under the Santa Brbara volcano, the youngest on the island, forming its western part. Overall, seismic activity in the central Azores has been elevated over the past few years, likely connected to the current crisis.
Since June 24, 2022, Terceira Island in the Azores has been experiencing a sustained seismic-volcanic crisis. The Volcanology Institute of the University of the Azores (IVAR), based on data from the monitoring network managed by the Azores Seismic and Volcanic Information and Surveillance Center (CIVISA), reports a noticeable increase in seismic activity.
The seismic events have mostly occurred within the Santa Brbara Volcano’s perimeter, characterized mainly by microseisms. The most significant event happened on January 14, 2024, at 07:19 LT. This earthquake was recorded as M4.5, with an epicenter about 1 km (o.62 miles) east of Serreta. The quake was felt with a maximum intensity of VI on the Modified Mercalli Scale, particularly affecting the western part of the island. The tremor caused cracks in homes with low seismic resistance, the collapse of loose stone walls, damage to some roads, and landslides both inland and along cliffs.
“The volcanic alert scale follows a protocol we have been implementing and improving,” said Joo Lus Gaspar, academic, researcher, and leader of the Crisis Office at IVAR. “It currently includes 7 levels, ranging from V0 (resting state) to V7 (volcanic eruption of great magnitude).”
The V3 alert level for the Santa Brbara Volcano confirms the reactivation of the deep volcanic system, whose instability was recognized around two years ago with the change to alert level V2, Gaspar said. “This change in level is the result of the increase in seismicity observed over the last two months and the detection of signs of deformation, albeit slight, in the same area.”
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Op quote:Sulfur dioxide emissions rise as magma nears surface at White Island, New Zealand
An increase in sulfur dioxide emissions, alongside minor eruptions observed on August 11, 2024, suggests the presence of shallow magma beneath the White Island volcano in New Zealand. The Volcanic Alert Level remains at Level 3 since August 9, with continued monitoring under difficult weather conditions.
A marked increase in sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, detected by the TROPOMI satellite, and minor volcanic eruptions at White Island volcano in Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, over the weekend suggest the presence of magma in the shallow subsurface system, according to GNS Duty Volcanologist Ery Hughes on August 12, 2024.
This is the first satellite-detected sulfur dioxide emission since the volcanic activity resumed in May 2024. Weather conditions permitting, a gas observation flight will be conducted to confirm these findings.
This shallow magma could result in high-temperature gas venting and may sustain regular eruptive activity. Currently, the eruptions are minor, with the hazards confined mainly to the island. There is no immediate evidence suggesting that the volcanic activity will increase in magnitude.
On August 11, GeoNet reported a continuous plume of volcanic ash to the west of the volcano, but the plume appeared to be low in volcanic ash concentrations, representing a low likelihood of impacting land.
The Volcanic Alert Level remains at Level 3 (minor eruption), and the Aviation Colour Code is Orange.
Due to the absence of an on-island monitoring network and the current cloud cover, there may be delays in detecting changes in volcanic activity and updating the Volcanic Alert Level.
Future gas and observation flights will be carried out when weather conditions improve.
quote:Increased earthquake activity near Makaopuhi Crater, Kilauea, Hawaii
Earthquake activity has increased in Kīlauea’s middle East Rift Zone, near Makaopuhi rater at around 02:00 UTC, on Sunday, September 15, 2024. At the same time, ground deformation patterns west (uprift) of Puʻuʻōʻō suggest that another intrusive event could be occurring in this region.
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is reporting increased earthquake activity in the region between Pauahi and Makaopuhi craters starting around 02:00 UTC on September 15.
Approximately 60 earthquakes were detected until 04:59 UTC, with increasing intensity concentrated near Makaopuhi Crater in the East Rift Zone. Ground deformation patterns west of Puʻuʻōʻō were detected around 04:00 UTC, suggesting that another underground intrusion, similar to the activity in July and August, could be occurring in the region.
At 02:45 UTC on September 14, an M4.3 earthquake was registered about 6 km (4 miles) SSW of Volcano at a depth of 0.3 km (0.2 miles) below sea level. The earthquake had no apparent impact on either Mauna Loa or Kīlauea volcanoes.
“The size, location, and character of this earthquake suggest that it is related to the ongoing pressurized magma storage system beneath Kīlauea’s summit area, which extends into the upper East Rift Zone, where intrusions of magma have recently occurred,” HVO said.
Several aftershocks were detected within the first 30 minutes after the earthquake, as is typical for an event of this size. Additional aftershocks are expected to be minor but may continue for days to weeks.
Currently, the volcano is not showing any signs of a potential eruption. The volcano’s Alert Level remains at Advisory, and the Aviation Color Code is Yellow. The activity is mostly concentrated around the upper to middle East Rift Zone.
Past eruptive activity in the upper-to-middle East Rift Zone has been primarily concentrated in the region between Hiiaka Crater and Maunaulu in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
https://www.kuow.org/stories/is-an-uptick-of-rumblings-under-mount-adams-cause-for-seismic-concern
Mount Adams rommelt, dat is een van de vulkanen in Washington State in de VS (andere zijn Rainier, Hood, Baker en St Helens bijv). Overigens lijkt er nog geen reden tot zorgen, maar men heeft wat meer apparatuur geplaatst om het wat beter in de gaten te houden.
[ Bericht 1% gewijzigd door George_of_the_Jungle op 14-10-2024 11:36:09 ]
Mount Adams rommelt, dat is een van de vulkanen in Washington State in de VS (andere zijn Rainier, Hood, Baker en St Helens bijv). Overigens lijkt er nog geen reden tot zorgen, maar men heeft wat meer apparatuur geplaatst om het wat beter in de gaten te houden.
quote:Mount Adams is the second-highest mountain in Washington state, after Mount Rainier. Known as an active stratovolcano, it's part of what scientists call the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
The last time it erupted was more than 1,000 years ago, but it's been making some noise lately. To find out more about these rumblings, KUOW’s Kevin Kniestedt spoke to University of Washington Earth and space sciences professor Harold Tobin, who directs the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network.
This interview has been edited for clarity.
Kevin Kniestedt: The US Geological Survey says they usually record about one earthquake at Mount Adams every few years, but they've clocked nine quakes so far in 2024, six in September alone. So, what's going on here?
Harold Tobin: That's absolutely right. In fact, it's up to 10 quakes. And, yeah, Mount Adams is very, very quiet, normally, seismically speaking. Earthquakes are a sign of either water, hot water, interacting with the rock in a volcano, a little bit of rumblings from that, and or the movement of magma. There's no evidence in this case that this is movement of magma yet, but certainly it is making a little more noise than it usually does, by a large margin right now.
I've read that there's only one seismometer on Mount Adams, but they're planning on more. First of all, why only one? And are they adding more because of the recent increase in earthquakes?
Yes, they're definitely adding more. In fact, there's now two seismometers as of some quick work by the Cascade Volcano Observatory folks late last week, and there's plans for, I think, two more stations to go in in the coming days. The reason there's only been one is a combination of the fact that it is so absolutely quiet, and also remote location, hard places to get to, hard places to maintain a 24/7 seismic station in that mountain environment.
With one station, I want to emphasize, we can detect earthquakes. So, we would know if there was more seismicity. In fact, that's exactly what happened in this case. But one station isn't enough for us to do a really precise job of detecting the very, very, small ones, or to measure the depth that the earthquakes occur. And we want better information on both of those now that it's making a little bit more seismic noise.
USGS researchers say they aren't alarmed by the string of quakes, but they are curious about what's going on. What's your take on this? Are you also not alarmed?
Yeah, that's exactly my take. I'm not alarmed. No, Mount Adams is certainly quiet, and for all we know, it might well just go right back to its slumbering, but on the other hand, any quakes like this are a sign of some kind of subsurface activity going on. And of course, we want to know what a volcano is doing. Unlike big earthquakes, volcanoes give us a lot of warning signs normally before any kind of eruption. So back in 1980, it was exactly seismic activity that was our warning signs for the Mount St Helens eruption, several months ahead of when it actually went off.
[ Bericht 1% gewijzigd door George_of_the_Jungle op 14-10-2024 11:36:09 ]
quote:Washington’s ‘Forgotten Giant’ Volcano Stirs: Surge in Quakes Prompts Increased Monitoring
Six unusual earthquakes shook Mount Adams in September, but it's too soon to speculate about a potential eruption
There’s been some unusual rumblings coming from Mount Adams, but for those in the area, it’s not time to panic. Geologists are closely monitoring Washington’s largest volcano (and second tallest mountain), which hasn’t erupted since the Bronze Age.
During the month of September, the United States Geological Service detected six earthquakes at the mountain. That’s unusually high, given that Mount Adams typically experiences just one earthquake every two or three years. In fact, it’s the most quakes detected in the area within a single month since 1982. The shakes spurred the USGS to increase the number of sensors they have deployed in the area, to determine whether the quakes are a sign of an impending eruption.
The six quakes were all relatively minor, with none exceeding 2.0 on the Richter scale. The seismic activity was not felt at the surface and was only detected because of a seismic station located seven miles away from Mount Adams’ summit. While it’s understandable that this could be a tad nerve wracking, geologists who study the area said it’s not yet clear if the increase in seismic activity is anything more than just an unusually high number of tremors.
“We are now working to gather more data to assess if this is really something unusual or just a volcano talking to us a bit more than it normally does,” Jon Major, the scientist-in-charge at the USGS’ Cascades Volcano Observatory, told LiveScience.
In a statement, the USGS stressed there is not yet any cause for alarm. The USGS uses a four-tiered alert system for volcanoes, and Mount Adams’ status remains at normal, the lowest level, where a volcano is deemed to be in a “typical background, noneruptive state.”
To see if that remains the case, the USGS received permission from the U.S. Forest Service to install additional, temporary seismic monitoring stations to the south and southwest of Mount Adams. This measure “will improve our ability to locate smaller earthquakes with more certainty and assist in understanding the cause of these earthquakes,” the USGS said. “The results of our findings will determine if any additional actions are needed.”
With a height of 12,281 feet (3,743 meters), Mount Adams is shorter than Mount Rainier, but is larger by volume. It's been around 3,800 years since Mount Adams, known as Washington's "forgotten giant," last erupted, but that doesn't mean the volcano is dormant. In fact, the USGS classifies Adams as a "high-threat volcano," a term that refers more to the implications of an eruption on nearby populations and infrastructure, as well as aviation in the area, than to the actual likelihood of an eruption. Geologic data shows that past eruptions of the volcano have mainly involved lava flows traveling only a few miles, with relatively little explosive activity.
There's an obvious precedent for a seemingly quiet American volcano suddenly springing back to life. In 1980, Mount St Helens, also located in Washington, erupted, killing 57 people, and continued to display volcanic activity until 2008. Even if the Mount Adams seismic activity is evidence of an impending eruption, it's unlikely something so spectacular will take place. The USGS said the biggest threat facing people near Mount Adams are flows of rock, ash, and ice, called lahars. Lahars can occur whether the volcano is erupting or not, and can move quickly, giving those in their way little time to clear out.
Once again, it's not time to freak out. While it's possible this will be Mount Adams' first eruption since construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza began (give or take a century or two), this could all be nothing more than the seismic equivalent of a grumbly tummy.
Ik zie trouwens onder het bericht staanquote:
Ik zat daar eens op te googelen maar er zijn idd genoeg berichten te vinden over een "unusual smell" in de Portland area. Laten we er maar op hopen dat het niet gerelateerd is richting een quake of een vulkaanquote:9 October, 2024
In hopefully-unrelated news, the nearby city of Portland, Oregon has been experiencing a strange sulfuric smell for the past couple weeks. It seems to come and go, doesn't really follow wind patterns, and no one can identify where it comes from. People here are a little nervy that "the Big One", a category 9+ earthquake that typically occurs every 250 years (but hasn't happened in 350 years presently) is imminent.
quote:Zeker tien doden bij vulkaanuitbarsting Indonesi
Bij een vulkaanuitbarsting gisteren op het Indonesische eiland Flores zijn zeker tien mensen om het leven gekomen. De ruim 1700 meter hoge vulkaan Lewotobi Laki-Laki spuwde rook en as twee kilometer hoog de lucht in. Mensen in de buurt zijn gevacueerd en een vliegveld is gesloten.
"Na de uitbarsting viel de stroom uit en begon het te regenen en te onweren. Bewoners raakten in paniek", zegt een woordvoerder van de overheidsinstantie die vulkaanuitbarstingen registreert. Huizen vlak bij de vulkaan zijn door de kokende lava in brand gevlogen. Wegen en gebouwen zijn bedekt met een dikke laag as en daken zijn ingestort.
Een van de getroffen gebouwen is een klooster. "De nonnen renden in paniek naar buiten onder een regen van vulkanisch as", zegt de toezichthouder van het klooster. Zeker n non is omgekomen.
Het is de tweede vulkaanuitbarsting in twee weken tijd in Indonesi. Eind vorige maand barstte de vulkaan Marapi uit. Deze bijna 2900 meter hoge vulkaan op West-Sumatra is een van de actiefste vulkanen op Indonesi. Bij die uitbarsting zouden geen slachtoffers zijn gevallen.
