Vulkaan Kilauea op Hawaii

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Hawaii national parks reopens after lava shut it

HONOLULU (AP) -- A national park in Hawaii has reopened after being closed for more than four months because of Kilauea volcano's latest eruption, which caused widespread damage to park infrastructure and dramatically changed its landscape.

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park officials said there were no lines or waiting for visitors to catch a glimpse of the volcano that made headlines across the world when it began erupting in May. Admission is free Saturday.

The eruption destroyed hundreds of homes outside the park while changing the popular summit crater inside the park.

The caldera quadrupled in size, collapsed about 1,500 feet as lava drained out of the active vent.

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Hawaii volcano eruption ALERT: Kilauea volcano wakes up - Fissure 8 sparks
HAWAII is once again under threat from the Kilauea volcano, as the once violently erupting stratovolcano has woken up. Latest reports show the volcano has once again begun to fume.

Kilauea volcano once plagued Hawaii’s Big Island, where starting from May 1, the volcano spewed tonnes of lava onto the island’s surface.

After more than two months of continuous eruption, the volcano significantly calmed, and authorities lowered warning levels from red to orange.

People are just starting to return to their homes after evacuation notices were lifted, and magma is cooling.

But today The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has noted the volcano has once again begun to fume, and have it under an orange 'watch' warning.

Kilauea has once again started to show activity, after a month of rapid calm and relative stillness.

The USGS has recently put out their daily report monitoring the volcano, and have noted smoke emerging from one of the previously active fissures.

Fissure 8, which was explosive during Kilauea’s last eruption, has been spotted fuming over the last few days.

The report has not mentioned the composition of the fumes, but lava activity from within the fissures is likely what caused it.

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Kilauea Volcano's 35-Year Eruption Streak May Be Over

The Kilauea volcano in Hawaii has been erupting almost continuously for the last 35 years. But that streak may be coming to an end.

A lead scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory told CNN in an exclusive interview that the volcano hasn't produced lava in three months. It had one of its bigger eruptions in May of this year, forcing evacuations and covering 14 miles of the Big Island in lava.

The USGS scientist told CNN the recent pause could be caused by a number of things, including a lack of magma from this year's eruption or, simply, that there just isn't enough pressure to push what magma there is to the surface.

This pause may mark the end of Kilauea's current erupting activity. That just means that when it does erupt again, it will mark a new eruptive event. And scientists don't know how, when or where exactly it could happen.

In a post on the USGS website, one scientist listed the many things a new eruptive event could bring — explosive eruptions, a new lava lake or even a decreased supply of magma so the "quiet" continues for years.

But nothing is certain, and the Kilauea volcano could just continue eruptions like the one earlier this year.

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End Of An Era At Pu’u O’o

One of the most frequent questions asked of USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) scientists the last several months has been, “Is the Lower East Rift eruption over?” But the same question could – and should – be asked of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption.

On January 3rd, 2018, we marked the 35th anniversary of Puʻu ʻŌʻō. For the past three and a half decades, lava has erupted almost continuously from the middle East Rift Zone (ERZ). Minor pauses in surface activity mostly occurred between the fountaining episodes in 1983 – 1986, and subsequently during a few episodes marked by subsidiary fissures, intrusions, or partial crater floor collapses.

Given the longevity of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption, we’d grown accustomed to the luxury of having nearly-uninterrupted access to lava. The lure of reliable lava viewing beckoned to millions of tourists around the globe. But, I say “nearly-uninterrupted” because there have been over one hundred brief pauses in surface activity throughout the 35-year-long event, most lasting hours to a couple days. The six longest pauses during the Puʻu ʻŌʻō activity were each 1 to 2-months-long, and all occurred between fountaining episodes in the first two years.

Specifically, long pauses between fountains occurred spanning episodes 3 and 4 (65 days), episodes 32 and 33 (52 days), episodes 12 and 13 (50 days), episodes 39 and 40 (49 days), episodes 25 and 26 (43 days), and episodes 31 and 32 (38 days).

After the fountaining episodes, there were several Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption pauses lasting between one week and one month.

Specifically, there was a 10 day pause in February of 1992 after the Kupaianaha vent shut down, ending episodes 48. A year later there was an eight day pause in February of 1993 after an uprift intrusion cause Puʻu ʻŌʻō’s crater floor to collapse. A nine day pause in February of 1996 occurred after an observed surge in effusion rate.

The longest eruption hiatus after the fountaining phase lasted 24 days following the episode 54 fissure in Nāpau Crater in February of 1997. In September 1999, there was an 11-day pause during episode 55 after a partial collapse of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater floor.

Most recently, there were two pauses in 2011: an 18-day-long pause after the March Kamoamoa fissure, and a six day long pause after the episode 60 west flank break out in August.

However, on April 30th, 2018 – everything changed. The catastrophic collapse of Puʻu ʻŌʻō has left the iconic eruption site and surrounding lava flow fields devoid of lava through the rest of 2018. December 30th marked the seven month anniversary of no surface activity at Puʻu ʻŌʻō and is effectively a concluding milestone for this long-lived event.

As a refresher from our previous article, the Smithsonian Institution’s Global Volcanism Program (GVP) classifies the end of continuous volcanic activity based on an absence of eruptive activity over a 90 day (three month) period.

Statistically, after a 210 day (7 month) gap in activity, it is extremely unlikely that lava will resume activity within Puʻu ʻŌʻō. Based on historical knowledge of rift zone eruptions, pauses lasting more than 3½ months have ended their respective eruption.

Given the GVP criterion, no signs of imminent unrest, and that December 30th, 2018 marks 7 months of no lava, then the Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption could be considered over. The 36th anniversary of continuous eruption, on January 3, 2019, will not come to pass.

This does not mean Kīlauea Volcano is dead. New eruptions have previously begun elsewhere on Kīlauea after months to decades of quiet. Magma is being supplied to the volcano, and deformation data shows evidence for movement of molten rock through the magmatic system, refilling the middle ERZ. It’s important to note that Kīlauea is still an active volcano that will erupt in the future, and associated hazards have not changed. When a new eruption does occur, ground cracking, gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation can increase rapidly.

The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory continues to closely monitor Kīlauea Volcano through ground-based observations, helicopter overflights, and geophysical instrument networks. Significant changes will be noted in HVO’s weekly updates

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Op donderdag 30 september 2021 14:43 schreef FlippingCoin het volgende:
Alle vulkanen gaan uitbarsten en het einde van de wereld is hier?