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Hi, I see you already have received some advice. I will try to add my own opinion on certain matters.
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Should I buy a new one? or a second-hand?
It really depends on your usage and the places you attend: As already mentioned at some places vandalism and theft are rampant, therefor people who frequent those places likely chose to pick some crap-end bicycle. On the other hand you have to consider the distances that you are going to travel on average: a crap-end bicycle might be sufficient if you do not travel a lot, but can become very unpleasant if you have to travel daily for an hour or more. Back in the old days, when I was young, some pals used to cycle daily on their crap-end bicycles all year round on flat tires. For them it was okay, as they lived 3 blocks away (from school) and they did not bother about those 5 minutes. For me it would have been a different story as I used to live far more remote.
So if the distances are low and you go to crap places, where people do not care about your bicycle and you do not care yourself either, you should definitely get the crap-end bicycle. In other cases it might be more appropriate to get a more decent second hand bicycle or even a new one. If you want to keep money in your pocket go for the second hand option. If you can afford a new one, you might buy a new one as well. It is all about your budget and personal preferences. One of the advantages of a new one is that you can get insurance on it. I kid you not. Certainly this comes at an extra premium and a lot of us just consider this a waste of money. For sure the main purpose of the insurance is to make money out of it. But if you just do not like to worry, whether you find your bicycle in the same spot in the same condition every time, it might be worth considering. Last time I checked the insurance a couple of years ago they charged about 1/3 of the bicycles worth for 3 year coverage. But this greatly depends on the city you are living in.
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If so which? Otherwise why (and where can I find a good one)?
Crap-end bicycle: 50 EUR
Decent second-hand bicycle: 200 EUR
New bicycle: 600 EUR
You should definitely not go for a 200 EUR new bicycle, which are typically sold at home improvement stores and the like. They tend to rust very fast and fall apart after a couple of years. It is always better to go for a second-hand from the well-known brands.
Crap-end bicycles can be obtained from private owners and crack-heads. The more decent second-hand bicycles also from the bicycle shops, who also sell the new ones.
Of course the bicycle shops have to earn their money selling bicycles and tend to be more expensive than the private owners. When buying a second hand you should know that the majority of the offerings are stolen ones. Since the police are not really looking after this, it is mostly a moral question.
When buying from a professional seller, make sure to get the frame number noted on the invoice and keep the invoice. When buying from an individual, check the frame number through the site of the police, keep all contact information and messages from the seller. Also keep some screenshots from the advert as well as the original url of the advert. Stay away from repainted bicycles.
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Which type of bike is better for daily use? Mountain Bike, Urban Bike?
Urban bike definitely, no questions. I would recommend picking the ones with 3 or 7 gears. Gears tend to break down very quick in Dutch conditions, so I would recommend staying away from the more complex 24/28/32 etc. gear ones.
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What do you think about Vanmoof? Gazelle? Btwin? ...
Gazelle, Batavus and Sparta seem to be the most common choices. You should compare them and decide which you like most. Do not forget to negotiate the price, no matter whether you are buying new or pre owned. It might be worth to negotiate the price at a few different sellers. Because the possible discounts may greatly vary.
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Should I buy an VAE / electric bike?
You should not. No reason.
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Warranty? Lock? well I have aloooot of questions

Warranty at private owners: absolutely none. Make sure to do a test drive. Bicycle shops also tend to give very limited warranties on used bicycles. I think on new ones you should get 2 years of warranty. Lock: If you have insurance, it is usually sufficient to use the lock on your bicycle. If not, it is better to lock the frame of your bicycle to some piece of public space equipment with an additional lock. Quality of locks greatly varies and sellers tend to sell whatever option is favourable for their pockets. You probably should look up some reviews.
Few things you should also know:
- Lightning equipment must be fixed to your bicycle during use. It also should not blink. This is a safety issue and lots of young people seem to ignore, but by ignoring you can get hit one day.
- As a guy you should never buy a girls bicycle or worse the unisex one. Some guys do not care, but believe me this is really lame.
- Even worse to wear a helmet. The moment you start wearing one, is the moment you lose your dignity in the eyes of Dutch people. This is a huge thing, so do not even think of buying a helmet, as it is impossible to fix the damage to your reputation afterwards.
- Unlike some other countries it is forbidden to ride on the sidewalks. If no bicycle tracks are available use the motorway instead.