Oh en nog een leuke:
De mensheid op dit moment is een type 0 civilization en het wordt geschat dat we er 100 tot 200 jaar over gaan doen om een type 1 civilization te worden.
Type I De beschaving is in staat om alle op een planeet beschikbare energie te gebruiken. Dat is ongeveer 10
16 W (voor de Aarde zelfs iets meer dan 1.74*10
17 W).
Type II De beschaving is in staat om alle beschikbare energie die uitgaat van een enkele ster te gebruiken; dat is ongeveer 10
26 W.
Type III De beschaving is in staat om de totaal beschikbare energie in een sterrenstelsel te gebruiken; dat is ongeveer 10
36 W.
Type IV De beschaving kan alle beschikbare energie in een supercluster van melkwegstelsels gebruiken; dat is ongeveer 10
46 W.
Type V De beschaving kan alle beschikbare energie in het hele heelal gebruiken; dat is ongeveer 10
54 W. Zo'n beschaving overstijgt onze huidige mogelijkheden om te extrapoleren en is misschien niet mogelijk.
Type VI Beheersing over de energie van meerdere heelallen een theoretisch onbegrensde hoeveelheid energie.
* De beschaving is misschien in staat de natuurwetten in de heelallen te veranderen.
* De beschaving kan een stervend heelal ontvluchten en daarmee theoretisch eeuwig bestaan.
Type VII Theoretische status van een god, met het vermogen heelallen te scheppen, en ze als energiebron te gebruiken. Zo'n beschaving heeft de technologische singulariteit ver achter zich gelaten en is voor mensen niet meer te vatten.
Type 3 gaat voor de mensheid overigens nog ongeveer een miljoen jaar duren

.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scaleVoor de mensen die Engels kunnen: (je weet het nooit op fok, iedereen studeert op WO niveau maar slechts een handvol mensen spreken correct engels

).
quote:
Methods by which a civilization could feasibly advance to Type I:
* Large scale application of fusion power. According to mass-energy equivalence, Type I implies the conversion of about 2 kg of matter to energy per second. While there is no known method to convert matter (by itself) completely into energy, an equivalent energy release could theoretically be achieved by fusing approximately 280 kg of hydrogen into helium per second,[11] a rate roughly equivalent to 8.9 × 109 kg/year. A cubic km of water contains about 1011 kg of hydrogen, and the Earth's oceans contain about 1.3 × 109 cubic km of water, meaning that this rate of consumption could be sustained over geological time scales.
* Antimatter[12] in large quantities would have a mechanism to produce power on a scale several factors above our current level of technology. In antimatter-matter collisions, the entire rest mass of the particles is converted to kinetic energy. Their energy density (energy released per mass) is about 4 orders of magnitude greater than that from using nuclear fission, and about 2 orders of magnitude greater than the best possible yield from fusion.[13] The reaction of 1 kg of anti-matter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8 × 1017 J (180 petajoules) of energy.[14] Although antimatter is sometimes proposed as a source of energy, this is infeasible. Any naturally occurring antimatter would have long annihilated before it could be harvested. Artificially producing antimatter involves first converting energy into mass, so there is no net gain. Antimatter is only usable as a medium of energy storage but not as an energy source.
* Solar energy through converting sunlight into electricity by either solar cells and concentrating solar power or indirectly through wind and hydroelectric power. Currently, there is no known way for human civilization to successfully utilize the equivalent of the Earth's total absorbed solar energy without completely coating the surface with man-made structures, which is presently not feasible. However, if a civilization constructed very large Space-based solar power Satellites, Type I power levels might be achievable.
Figure of a Dyson swarm surrounding a star
Type II civilizations might employ:
* A Dyson sphere or Dyson swarm and similar constructs are hypothetical megastructures originally described by Freeman Dyson as a system of orbiting solar power satellites meant to completely enclose a star and capture most or all of its energy output.[15]
* Perhaps a more exotic means to generate usable energy would be to feed a stellar mass into a black hole, and collect photons emitted by the accretion disc.[16][17] Less exotic would be simply to capture photons already escaping from the accretion disc, reducing a black hole's angular momentum; known as the Penrose process.
* In multiple-star systems of a sufficiently large number of stars, absorbing a small but significant fraction of the output of each individual star.
Type III civilizations might use the same techniques employed by a Type II civilization, but applied to all of the stars of one or more galaxies individually.[18] They may also be able to tap into the energy released from the supermassive black holes which are believed to exist at the center of most galaxies.
[ Bericht 38% gewijzigd door spacer1 op 03-03-2011 16:04:32 ]