[ Bericht 100% gewijzigd door janB44 op 14-02-2006 01:53:20 ]
Sterf!
Gruwelijk!
En je familie ook!
[ Bericht 100% gewijzigd door Pony-Lover op 14-02-2006 04:41:40 ]
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Kwatet.
en er was niet eens veel
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oO< ~:) 
>:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O O~) oO< ~:) >:O 
oO< oO< oO< oO< 
>:O >:O >:O >:O >:O >:O >:O >:O >:O >:O 
Exclusief interview met VMC-Pluim winnares Natascha Klootsema
Woensdag 4 december - Noem een vakblad waar ze niet in heeft gestaan de afgelopen weken. Natascha Klootsema (29), oprichtster van haar eigen bureau Tekst & Foto, heeft de VMC-Pluim gewonnen. Ik had nog nooit van deze aanmoedigingsprijs van het Netwerk voor Vrouwen in Marketing en Communicatie gehoord. Dat het niet de zomaar een prijs is, bleek echter wel uit de jury. Hierin waren onder meer een hoogleraar Communicatie, de hoofdredacteur van Adformatie en directieleden van het Nima, KPN en Bikker Euro RSCG vertegenwoordigd. Communicatiecoach.com wilde meer weten van deze succesvolle young professional en maakte een afspraak met Natascha. Vanaf de woonboot 'Aurora' met een schitterend uitzicht op de Leidse Rijn, werd al snel duidelijk dat een A4-tje heel kort kan zijn.
Hoe ben je in de journalistiek gerold?
"Tijdens mijn studie werkte ik als stewardess voor de KLM. Naast het vliegen werkte ik als bedrijfsjournalist voor Akoestiek, het blad voor KLM-cabinepersoneel. Daar liggen eigenlijk mijn journalistieke roots. Toen ik stopte bij de KLM moest ik ook stoppen bij het blad. Toen ben ik 4 dagen per week bij een tekstbureau gaan werken. Daarnaast begon ik één dag per week als freelance journalist/tekstschrijver. Later werd dat drie dagen loondienst en twee dagen voor mezelf. Zo is het gegroeid en na acht maanden ben ik helemaal voor mezelf begonnen. Daar is Tekst & Foto uit voortgekomen. Het liep allemaal eigenlijk vanzelf. Ik had gelukkig wel een veilige basis, want ik zou nooit in één keer voor mezelf zijn begonnen." .
Heb je veel aan je studie gehad?
"Hmm...waarschijnlijk heb ik er best veel aan gehad. Je leert ongemerkt toch meer dan je denkt. Je pikt een hoop kleine dingen mee, die ik nu ook wel weer voor mijn werk gebruik. Maar het is vooral een hele brede studie. Achteraf had ik misschien beter Journalistiek kunnen studeren. Maar ik geloof dat je toch wel op de juiste plek komt, wanneer je echt iets wilt."
Wat had je anders willen zien tijdens je opleiding?
"Ik vind het in ieder geval heel goed dat we veel praktijkervaring hebben opgedaan. Ik miste het creatieve: drukwerkbegeleiding, DTP, fotografie. Onze richting was voor mij veel te economisch. Vormgeving en communicatie heeft veel meer raakvlakken dan economie en communicatie."
En toen was daar de VMC-Pluim. Je won de vakjuryprijs én de publieksprijs. Verrast?
"Ja en nee. Ik had het echt gehoopt, maar niet verwacht. Ik had het wel heel erg goed voorbereid. Mijn presentatie was heel sterk. Het thema van de presentatie was 'de netwerkeconomie'. Een erg vage term, maar aangezien ik als freelancer leef van netwerken, kon ik er veel mee. Toen ik begon als freelancer heb ik ook meteen een eigen netwerkgroepje opgezet. Ik heb de jury en het publiek laten zien hoe ik netwerk door onder meer een creatieve mailing uit te delen. Dat sloeg aan. Het mooiste compliment dat ik kreeg was dat men geïnspireerd werd door mijn verhaal."
Is het niet een beetje achterhaald, een clubje voor vrouwen in de communicatie?
"Nee, ik vind het toch wel heel goed. Ik ben helemaal niet feministisch ingesteld, maar het is gewoon een feit dat nog steeds maar weinig vrouwen doorstromen naar hogere functies of een eigen bedrijf beginnen. Ik zie het vooral als een aanmoedigingsprijs voor jonge mensen.
Heeft de Pluim je ook nog wat opgeleverd voor je bedrijf?
"Ten eerste is het natuurlijk hele goede reclame. Ik heb heel veel naamsbekendheid gekregen en nieuwe contacten opgedaan. Maar het heeft op meerdere vlakken geholpen. Door de nominatie werd ik gedwongen om weer eens goed na te denken over mijn visie. Daarnaast was het een stok achter de deur om mijn site een update te geven en eindelijk het logo op mijn auto te laten zetten. De Pluim was voor mij ook een bevestiging dat ik de goede keuzes heb gemaakt. Bovendien heb ik een coachingstraject gewonnen, echt een hele leuke prijs. Ik word een jaar lang begeleid door professionals uit het vak. Ik kan zo dus heel goed aan mijn toekomst werken."
Heb je nog iets toe te voegen aan dit interview?
"Tijdens de Pluim-uitreiking stelde iemand uit het publiek een hele goede vraag. Wat zou voor mij een reden zijn om te stoppen? Ik heb nu helemaal geen reden om te stoppen, maar je bent als freelancer eigenlijk altijd met je werk bezig. Het is heerlijk om je eigen tijd in te delen, maar werk en privé lopen gewoon door elkaar. Ik kan me voorstellen dat dat een keer opbreekt. Voor mij is het nu perfect en ik doe alleen wat ik leuk vind. Als je een bepaald talent hebt, moet je daar ook gebruik van maken en dan kun je meer dan je denkt."
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The theoretical physics equation E = mc2 states a relationship between energy (E), in whatever form, and mass (m). In this formula, c² is only a conversion factor from kilograms to joules, because joules (E) cannot be equal to grams (m).
Contents [hide]
1 Meanings of the formula
2 Implications
3 Background and consequences
4 Applicability of the equation
4.1 Using relativistic mass
4.2 Using rest mass
5 Low energy approximation
6 Einstein and his 1905 paper
7 Contributions of others
8 Television biography
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
[edit]
Meanings of the formula
This formula proposes that when a body has a mass, it has a certain amount of energy, even if it is at rest, and does not have any form of potential energy, chemical energy, etc, it still has that amount of energy. As opposed to the Newtonian mechanics in which a massive body could have no energy at all. That is why we often call the mass the rest energy of the body. The E of the formula can be seen as the total energy of the body, which is proportional to the mass only when the body is at rest.
Conversely, a cloud of photons travelling in empty space, with each photon having no rest mass, still have a mass, m, due to their kinetic energy.
This formula also gives the quantitative relation of energy and mass in any process when they transform into each other, such as a nuclear reaction. Then this E could be seen as the energy released when a certain amount of mass m is annihilated, or the energy absorbed to create a certain amount of mass m. In those cases, the energy released(absorbed) equals in quantity to the mass annihilated(created) times the speed of light squared.
[edit]
Implications
In the context of special relativity theory, the implication is that energy and mass are equivalent, and that, now, mass is considered as a form of energy. In practical terms, it led to the atomic bomb and other applications. It is one of the best-known equations of all time. Even those who may not explicitly know what it means may have some idea of its meaning, through culture.
[edit]
Background and consequences
The equation resulted from Albert Einstein's inquiry into the dependence of the inertia of a body on its energy content. The famous result of this inquiry is that the mass of a body is actually a measure of its energy content. To understand the significance of this relationship, compare the electromagnetic force with the gravitational force. In electromagnetism, energy is contained in the fields (electric and magnetic) associated with the force and not in the charges. In gravitation, the energy is contained in the matter itself. It is not a coincidence that mass bends spacetime, while the charges of the other three fundamental forces do not.
According to the equation, the maximum amount of energy obtainable from an object is equivalent to the mass of the object multiplied by the square of the speed of light.
This equation was crucial in the development of the atomic bomb. By measuring the mass of different atomic nuclei and subtracting from that number the mass of the individual protons and neutrons, one can obtain an estimate of the binding energy available within an atomic nucleus. This not only showed that it was possible to release this binding energy by fusion of light nuclei or fission of heavy nuclei, but also to estimate the amount of binding energy which can be released. Note that the masses of the protons and neutrons are still there, and that they too represent an amount of energy.
It is a little known piece of trivia that Einstein originally wrote the equation in the form dm = L/c² (with an "L", instead of an "E", representing energy, the E being utilised elsewhere in the demonstration to represent energy too).
A kilogram of mass completely converts into
89,875,517,873,681,764 joules or
24,965,421,632 kilowatt-hours or
21.48076431 megatons of TNT
approximately 0.0851900643 Quads (quadrillion British thermal units)
It is important to note that practical conversions of mass to energy are seldom 100 percent efficient. One theoretically perfect conversion would result from a collision of matter and antimatter; for most cases, byproducts are produced instead of energy, and therefore very little mass is actually converted. In the equation, mass is energy, but for the sake of clarity, the word converted is used.
[edit]
Applicability of the equation
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E=mc² applies to all objects with mass, as it is a statement that mass is derived from energy, or energy from mass, and it is possible to convert between the two, the principles of nuclear energy.
Usually, this equation applies to an object that is not moving as seen from a reference point. But this same object can be moving from the standpoint of an other frame of reference, so that, for this latter frame, the equation still stands but the total energy (or equivalantly, mass) differs in amount to the former frame. So unlike Newtonian mechanics, in Special Relativity, mass differs in different reference frames.
[edit]
Using relativistic mass
Einstein's original papers (e.g. [1]) treated m as what would now be called the relativistic mass, a mass who run "near" of speed of light. This is related to the rest mass (i.e. the mass of the object in the frame of reference in which it is stationary) in the following way:
But to obtain the E = mc2 equation, we have to start from the equation E2 = p2c2 + m2c4 and put p = 0, which means that we have to put v = 0. That means that we have now a special case where the object is not moving, and where E2 is only equal to m2c4, or E = mc2. It is only in that special case that E = mc2 holds. At any other velocity, we have to put back the p2c2 in the general equation.
If we now put v = 0 in the equation we get m = m0 . So, at rest (v = 0), rest mass and relativistic mass are the same quantity, and the equation E = mc2 can be rewriten as E = m0c2. There is no difference, except perhaps, that we would have to say that m0 is for v = 0.
Then, using the relativistic mass, the equation E = mc2 in the title must be rewritten: E = m0c2 for v = 0. Meaning it does not apply to objects moving at any velocity but only at velocity zero, because m0 here is only for where v = 0, and at v = 0, m0 = m.
[edit]
Using rest mass
Relativistic mass is little used by modern physicists, who use m to denote rest mass so that E = mc2 is the rest energy of the object (i.e. energy of the object when at rest relative to the observers frame of reference). In this case the equation only applies to stationary objects; the modern form of the equation for an object with any velocity is
,
where p = γmv is the relativistic momentum of the object. This reduces to E = mc2 for the zero-velocity case. Notwithstanding the modern usage, for clarity the remainder of this article uses m for relativistic mass and m0 for rest mass.
[edit]
Low energy approximation
Since the rest energy is , and total energy is kinetic energy plus rest energy, the relativistic kinetic energy is given by
and at low velocities this should agree with the classical expression for the kinetic energy,
.
The two can be shown to agree by expanding γ using a Taylor series,
.
Plugging this back into our original equation,
,
we therefore have
or
the relativistic expression of energy,
which is not in agreement with the classical Newtonian expression for the energy which is only kinetic. This shows that relativity is a higher order correction to classical mechanics, and that in the low energy or classical regime, Newtonian and relativistic mechanics are not equivalent.
Then what is equivalent? It is only the expression of the kinetic energy, not the total energy.
In the case of extrapolating classical mechanics to the very large or very fast, Einstein showed classical mechanics was wrong. In the case of smaller slower objects such as were used in establishing classical mechanics, classical mechanics is a subset of relativistic mechanics. The two theories only contradict each other outside the classical regime.
[edit]
Einstein and his 1905 paper
Albert Einstein did not formulate exactly this equation in his 1905 paper "Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?" ("Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", published in Annalen der Physik on September 27), one of the articles now known as his Annus Mirabilis Papers.
What that paper says is exactly this: 'If a body gives off the energy L in the form of radiation, its mass diminishes by L/c².', radiation being, in this case, kinetic energy, and the mass being the ordinary concept of mass used in those times, the same one that we call today, rest energy or invariant mass, depending on the context.
It is the difference in the mass '' before the ejection of energy and after it, that is equal to L/c², not the entire mass '' of the object. At this moment it was only theoretical and not proven experimentally.
[edit]
Contributions of others
Einstein was not the only one to have related energy with mass, but he was the first to have presented that as a part of a bigger theory, and even more, to have deduced the formula from the premises of this theory. According to Umberto Bartocci (University of Perugia historian of mathematics), the equation was first published two years earlier by Olinto De Pretto, an industrialist from Vicenza, Italy, though this is not generally regarded as true or important by mainstream historians. Even if De Pretto introduced the formula, it was Einstein who connected it with the theory of relativity.
[edit]
Television biography
E=mc² was used as the title of a 2005 television biography about Einstein concentrating on the year 1905.
>:O
Rommel is often remembered not only for his remarkable military prowess, but also for his chivalry towards his adversaries - being one of the German commanders who disobeyed the commando order. He is also noted for possibly having taken part in a plot to assassinate Hitler, for which he was forced to commit suicide before the war's end.
Early life and career
Rommel was born in Heidenheim, approximately 450 km from Ulm, in the state of Württemberg. He was baptised on the November 17 1891. He was the second son of a Protestant Headmaster of the secondary school at Aalen, Erwin Rommel the elder and Helene von Luz, a daughter of a prominent local dignitary. The couple also had three more children, two sons, Karl and Gerhard, and a daughter, Helene. Later recalling his childhood, Rommel (The Desert Fox) wrote that "my early years passed very happily". At the age of 14, Rommel and a friend built a full-scale glider that was able to fly, although not very far. Young Erwin considered becoming an engineer; however, on his father's insistence, he joined the local 124th Württemberg Infantry Regiment as an officer cadet in 1910 and, shortly after, was sent to the Officer Cadet School in Danzig.
A young Rommel as an officer cadet around 1910While at Cadet School, early in 1911, Rommel met his future wife, Lucie Maria Mollin. He graduated in November 1911 and was commissioned as a Lieutenant January 1912. Rommel and Lucie married in 1916, and in 1928, they had a son, Manfred, who would later become the mayor of Stuttgart. Scholars Bierman and Smith argue that, during this time, Rommel also had an affair with Walburga Stemmer in 1912 and that relationship produced a daughter named Gertrud (1 p. 56).
World War I
During World War I, Rommel served in France, as well as on the Romanian and Italian fronts, during which time he was wounded three times and awarded the Iron Cross - First and Second Class. Rommel became the youngest recipient of Prussia's highest medal, the Pour le Mérite, an honor traditionally reserved for generals only and which he received after fighting in the mountains of north-east Italy. The award came as a result specifically from the Battle of Longarone, and the capture of Mount Matajur and its defenders, numbering 150 Italian officers, 7000 men and 81 artillery guns. His batallion also played a key role in the decisive victory of the Central Powers over the Italian Army named the Battle of Caporetto.
Inter-War Years
After the war Rommel held battalion commands, and was instructor at the Dresden Infantry School from 1929-1933 and the Potsdam War Academy from 1935-1938. Rommel's war diaries, Infanterie greift an (Infantry Attacks), published in 1937, became a highly regarded military textbook, and also attracted the attention of Adolf Hitler, who placed him in charge of the training of the Hitler Jugend that same year, all the while retaining his place at Potsdam. In 1938, Rommel, now a colonel, was appointed commandant of the War Academy at Wiener Neustadt. Here Rommel started his follow up to Infantry Attacks, Panzer greift an (Tank Attacks sometimes translated as The Tank In Attack ). Rommel was removed after a short time; however, he was placed in command of Adolf Hitler's personal protection battalion (Führer-Begleitbattalion).
World War II
Rommel during the French campaign of 1940[edit]
Poland 1939
In the autumn of 1938 Hitler selected Rommel to be in charge of the Wehrmacht unit assigned to protect him during his visits to occupied Czechoslovakia. Just prior to the invasion of Poland he was promoted to Major General and made commander of the Führer-Begleitbattalion, responsible for the safety of Adolf Hitler's mobile headquarters during the campaign.
France 1940
In 1940, only three months before the invasion, Rommel was given command of the 7th Panzer Division, later nicknamed Gespenster-Division (the "Ghost Division", due to the speed and surprise it was consistently able to achieve, to the point that even the German High Command lost track of where it was), for Fall Gelb ("Case Yellow"), the invasion of France and the Low Countries. Remarkably, this was Rommel's first command of a Panzer unit. He showed considerable skill in this operation, repulsing a counter-attack by the BEF (British Expeditionary Force) at Arras. 7th Panzer was one of the first German units to reach the English Channel (on 10 June) and would capture the vital port of Cherbourg (19 June). As a reward Rommel was promoted and appointed commander of the 5th Light Division (later reorganized and redesignated as the 21st Panzer) and of the 15th Panzer Division, which were sent to Libya in early 1941 to aid the defeated and demoralized Italian troops, forming the Deutsches Afrika Korps (listen (help·info)). It was in Africa where Rommel achieved his greatest fame as a commander.
Africa 1941-43
Erwin Rommel, 1941Rommel spent most of 1941 building his organization and re-forming the shattered Italian units, who had suffered a string of defeats at the hands of British Commonwealth forces under Major General Richard O'Connor. An offensive pushed the Allied forces back out of Libya, but it stalled a relatively short way into Egypt, and the important port of Tobruk, although surrounded, was still held by Allied forces under an Australian General, Leslie Morshead. The Allied Commander-in-Chief, General Archibald Wavell made two unsuccessful attempts to relieve Tobruk (Operation Brevity and Operation Battleaxe).
Following the costly failure of Battleaxe, Wavell was relieved by Commander-in-Chief India, General Claude Auchinleck. Auchinleck launched a major offensive to relieve Tobruk (Operation Crusader) which eventually succeeded. During the confusion caused by the Crusader operation, Rommel and his staff several times ended up behind British lines. On one occasion Rommel went into a hospital for New Zealand soldiers - still under the control of the British. "He inquired if anything was needed, promised the British medical supplies and drove off unhindered." - (The Rommel Papers, chapter 8 by General Fritz Bayerlein.)
Crusader was a defeat for Rommel. After several weeks of fighting Rommel ordered the withdrawal of all his forces from the area around Tobruk (December 7, 1941) and retreated back towards El Agheila. The British followed, attempting to cut off the retreating troops as they had done in 1940 but Rommel launched a counter-attack on January 20, 1942 and mauled the British. The Afrika Korps retook Benghazi and the British pulled back to the Tobruk area and commenced building defensive positions.
In the early summer of 1942 (May 24, 1942) Rommel's army attacked. In a classic blitzkrieg, Rommel outflanked the British at Gazala, surrounded and reduced the strongpoint at Bir Hakeim and forced the British to quickly retreat, in the so-called "Gazala Gallop", to avoid being completely cut off. Tobruk, isolated and alone, was now all that stood between the Afrika Korps and Egypt. On 21 June 1942, after a swift, coordinated and fierce combined arms assault, the city surrendered along with its 33,000 defenders. Only at the fall of Singapore, earlier that year, had more British and Commonwealth troops been captured. Allied forces were comprehensively beaten. Within weeks they had been pushed back far into Egypt.
Rommel in Africa - Summer 1941Rommel's offensive was eventually stopped at the small railway town of El Alamein, just 60 miles from Alexandria. The First Battle of El Alamein was lost by Rommel due to a combination of supply problems (created by RAF and Royal Navy interdiction, assisted by Ultra) and improved British tactics. Britain, with her back to the wall, was very close to their supplies and had fresh troops on hand to reinforce her positions. Auchinleck's tactics of continually attacking the weaker Italian forces during the battle forced Rommel to use the Afrika Korps in a "fire brigade" role and gave Auchinleck the initiative. Rommel tried again to break through British lines during the Battle of Alam Halfa. He was decisively stopped by the newly arrived Allied commander, Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery, who had achieved overwhelming material superiority.
With Allied forces from Malta interdicting his supplies at sea, and the massive distances they had to cover in the desert, Rommel could not hold the El Alamein position forever. Still, it took a large set piece battle, the Second Battle of El Alamein, to force his troops back. After the defeat at El Alamein, despite urgings from Hitler and Mussolini, Rommel's forces did not again stand and fight until they had entered Tunisia. Even then, their first battle was not against the British Eighth Army, but against the U.S. II Corps. Rommel inflicted a sharp reversal on the American forces at the Battle of the Kasserine Pass.
Turning once again to face the British Commonwealth forces in the old French border defences of the Mareth Line, Rommel could only delay the inevitable. Ultra was a major factor that led to the defeat of his forces. He left Africa after falling sick, and the men of his former command eventually became prisoners of war.
Some historians contrast Rommel's withdrawal of his army back to Tunisia against Hitler's dreams of much greater success than even his capture of Tobruk (in sharp contrast to the fate suffered by the German 6th Army at the Battle of Stalingrad under the command of Friedrich Paulus which stood its ground and was annihilated).
Sometimes in this period, it is recorded a failed desperate British attempt to capture Rommel from his headquarters, 250 miles behind the enemy lines.
France 1943-1944
Field Marshall Erwin Rommel (center) discusses the upcoming Allied invasion of France with Colonel General Johannes Blaskowitz and Field Marshall Gerd von Rundstedt.Back in Germany, Rommel was for some time virtually "unemployed". However, when the tide of war shifted against Germany, Hitler made Rommel the commander of Army Group B, responsible for defending the French coast against a possible Allied invasion. Dismayed with the situation he found, the slow building pace and realizing he had just months before an invasion, Rommel invigorated the whole fortification effort along the Atlantic coast, under his direction work was significantly sped up, millions of mines laid, and thousands of tank traps and obstacles were set up on beaches and throughout the countryside.
After his battles in Africa, Rommel concluded that any offensive movements would be impossible due to the overwhelming Allied air superiority. He argued that the tank forces should be dispersed in small units and kept in heavily fortified positions located as close to the front as possible, so they wouldn't have to move far and en masse when the invasion started. He wanted the invasion stopped right on the beaches. However his commander, Gerd von Rundstedt, felt that there was no way to stop the invasion near the beaches due to the equally overwhelming firepower of the Royal Navy. He felt the tanks should be formed into large units well inland near Paris, where they could allow the Allies to extend into France and then be cut off. When asked to pick a plan, Hitler then vacillated and placed them in the middle, far enough to be useless to Rommel, not far enough to watch the fight for von Rundstedt. Rommel's plan nearly came to fruition anyway.
During D-Day several tank units, notably the 12th SS Panzer Division, were close enough to the beaches to potentially create serious havoc. Hitler refused however to release the panzer reserves as he believed the Normandy landings were a diversion. Hitler and the German High Command expected the main allied assault in the Pas de Calais, thanks to the success of a secret allied deception campaign (Operation Fortitude). Facing only small scale German attacks, the allies quickly secured the beachhead.
The plot against Hitler
May 1944, Rommel with his closest staff members, his chief of staff General Hans Speidel, chief naval aide Admiral Friedrich Ruge and his personal aide Captain Hellmuth Lang, all of whom were heavily involved in the anti-Nazi conspiracy within the Wehrmacht.On July 17, 1944 Rommel's staff car was strafed by an RCAF Spitfire, and he was hospitalized with major head injuries. In the meantime, after the failed July 20 Plot against Adolf Hitler a major crackdown was conducted throughout the Wehrmacht. As the investigation proceeded, numerous connections started appearing that tied Rommel with the conspiracy, in which many of his closest aides were deeply involved. At the same time, local Nazi party officials reported on Rommel's extensive and scornful criticism of Nazi leadership during the time he was hospitalized. Bormann was certain of Rommel's involvement, Goebbels was not.
The true extent of Rommel's knowledge of, or involvement with, the plot is still unclear. After the war, however, his wife maintained that Rommel had been against the plot as it was carried out. It has been stated that Rommel wanted to avoid giving future generations of Germans the perception that the war was lost because of a backstab, the infamous Dolchstoßlegende, as it was commonly believed by some Germans following WWI. Instead, he favored a coup where Hitler would be taken alive and made to stand trial before the public.
A memorial at the site of Field Marshall Erwin Rommel's suicide outside of the town of Herrlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (west of Ulm)Due to Rommel's popularity with the German people, Hitler gave him an option to commit suicide with cyanide or face a humiliating sham trial before Roland Freisler's "People's Court" and the murder of his family and staff. Rommel ended his own life on October 14, 1944, and was buried with full military honours. After the war his diary was published as The Rommel Papers. He is the only member of the Third Reich establishment to have a museum dedicated to his person and his career. His grave can be found in Herrlingen, a short distance west of Ulm.
Battles of Erwin Rommel
Battle of Arras (1940)
Siege of Tobruk (1941)
Battle of Gazala (1942)
Battle of Bir Hakeim (1942)
First Battle of El Alamein (1942)
Battle of Alam Halfa (1942)
Second Battle of El Alamein (1942)
Battle of the Kasserine Pass (1943)
Battle of Normandy (1944)
In fiction
He was portrayed by James Mason in the 1951 movie The Desert Fox, and also by Karl Michael Vogler in the 1970 biographical film Patton, starring George C. Scott, and by Hardy Kruger in the 1988 television miniseries War and Remembrance.
In Philip K. Dick's alternate history novel "The Man in the High Castle", it is mentioned that Rommel is currently the Nazi-appointed president of the United States of America in the early 1960s.
In Douglas Niles's and Michael Dobson's alternate history novel Fox on the Rhine, Hitler was killed by the bomb plot of July 20th, 1944. This led to Rommel's survival, and a different quick offensive strike. This was repelled and the book ended with his surrender to the Americans and British, believing that the Germans would be better off with the western powers than with the Soviets. Fox on the Rhine was followed by a sequel book Fox on the Front.
In Donna Barr's novel Bread and Swans the historical Rommel shares his concerns and career with a fictitious younger brother, Pfirsich, aka The Desert Peach. Both Rommels also appear as focal characters of Barr's long-running comic strip series about "The Peach."
Quotations about Rommel
The British Parliament considered a censure vote against Winston Churchill following the surrender of Tobruk. The vote failed, but in the course of the debate, Churchill would say:
"We have a very daring and skillful opponent against us, and, may I say across the havoc of war, a great General."
Churchill again, on hearing of Rommel's death:
"He also deserves our respect, because, although a loyal German soldier, he came to hate Hitler and all his works, and took part in the conspiracy to rescue Germany by displacing the maniac and tyrant. For this, he paid the forfeit of his life. In the sombre wars of modern democracy, there is little place for chivalry”
Theodor Werner was an officer who, during World War I, served under Rommel.
"Anybody who came under the spell of his personality turned into a real soldier. He seemed to know what the enemy were like and how they would react."
Attributed to General George S. Patton in North Africa (referring to "Infantry Attacks")
"Rommel, you magnificent bastard! I read your book!"
[edit]
Quotations of Erwin Rommel
"Sweat saves blood, blood saves lives, and brains saves both."
"Mortal danger is an effective antidote for fixed ideas."
"The best form of welfare for the troops is first-rate training."
"Don't fight a battle if you don't gain anything by winning."
"In a man-to-man fight, the winner is he who has one more round in his magazine."
"Courage which goes against military expediency is stupidity, or, if it is insisted upon by a commander, irresponsibility."
"So long as one isn't carrying one's head under one's arm, things aren't too bad."
"A risk is a chance you take; if it fails you can recover. A gamble is a chance taken; if it fails, recovery is impossible."
"There is one unalterable difference between a soldier and a civilian: the civilian never does more than he is paid to do."
"What difference does it make if you have two tanks to my one, when you spread them out and let me smash them in detail?"
"The best plan is the one made when the battle is over."
"In the absence of orders, go find something and kill it."
"The officers of a panzer division must learn to think and act independently within the framework of the general plan and not wait until they receive orders."
"Men are basically smart or dumb and lazy or ambitious. The dumb and ambitious ones are dangerous and I get rid of them. The dumb and lazy ones I give mundane duties. The smart ambitious ones I put on my staff. The smart and lazy ones I make my commanders."
"Be an example to your men, in your duty and in private life. Never spare yourself, and let the troops see that you don't in your endurance of fatigue and privation. Always be tactful and well-mannered and teach your subordinates to do the same. Avoid excessive sharpness or harshness of voice, which usually indicates the man who has shortcomings of his own to hide."
"The future battle on the ground will be preceded by battle in the air. This will determine which of the contestants has to suffer operational and tactical disadvantages and be forced throughout the battle into adoption compromise solutions."
"Anyone who has to fight, even with the most modern weapons, against an enemy in complete command of the air, fights like a savage against modern European troops, under the same handicaps and with the same chances of success."
"One must not judge everyone in the world by his qualities as a soldier: otherwise we should have no civilization."
"The art of concentrating strength at one point, forcing a breakthrough, rolling up and securing the flanks on either side, and then penetrating like lightning deep into his rear, before the enemy has time to react-is Blitzkrieg."
"Messages can't be intercepted if they aren't sent, can they?"
"This business with the Jews has got to stop."
quote:je deelt mijn meningOp dinsdag 14 februari 2006 04:34 schreef Pony-Lover het volgende:
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