abonnement Unibet Coolblue Bitvavo
pi_29991726
Ik ben een muzikant, en had succes in een tijd dat druggebruik en muziek een een-tweetje was. Ik trad op met een band, ik was eigenlijk zelfs de onbenoemde leider ervan. LSD was een van mijn inspiratiebronnen, maar je kan rustig stellen dat ik er teveel van heb gehad en ik werd onhandelbaar, ik werd gaandeweg vervangen en heb daarna met behulp van mijn ex-bandleden nog twee solo-albums gemaakt. Mijn ex-bandleden creeerden sinds '70 echter een nieuw geluid en werden sterren, later zelfs levende legenden, ik zelf leef echter heel erg teruggetrokken.
pi_29992212
Syd Barrett?
Eenen pyl vlieght snelder dan een clootken even swaer
pi_29992588
Damn! in een keer goed!
tja.. ik wilde het ook niet te vaag houden..


pi_29996453
Ik deed iets tijdens de Punische oorlogen, wat niemand eerder deed... Ik versloeg iemand die met zijn olifanten iets bijzonders kon. Van ene Jezus had ik nog nooit gehoord... Dat was pas eeuwen later.
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_29998084
Scipio?

Overigens:
quote:
Op vrijdag 26 augustus 2005 14:52 schreef ComComMer het volgende:
Ik deed iets tijdens de Punische oorlogen, (.....) Van ene Jezus had ik nog nooit gehoord... Dat was pas eeuwen later.
da's driedubbelop...........
Eenen pyl vlieght snelder dan een clootken even swaer
pi_29998275
quote:
Op vrijdag 26 augustus 2005 15:34 schreef pyl het volgende:
Scipio?

Overigens:
[..]

da's driedubbelop...........
Was ff iets te makkelijk...

Scipio Africanus Major

Tja driedubbel...

Mijn lievelingskat heette zo...

Scipio Africanus Major (Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus), 236–183 B.C., Roman general, the conqueror of Hannibal in the Punic Wars. He was the son of Publius Cornelius Scipio, and from a very early age he considered himself to have divine inspiration. He was with his father at the Ticino (218), and he survived Cannae (216). The young Scipio was elected (c.211) to the proconsulship in Spain. He conquered New Carthage (Cartagena) almost at once (209) and used the city as his own base; within several years he had conquered Spain. As consul in 205, Scipio wanted to invade Africa, but his jealous enemies in the senate granted him permission to go only as far as Sicily and gave him no army. He trained a volunteer army in Sicily. In 204 he received permission to go to Africa, where he joined his allies the Numidians and fought with success against the Carthaginians. In 202, Hannibal crossed to Africa and tried to make peace, but Scipio's demands were so extreme that war resulted; Scipio defeated Hannibal at Zama (202), returned home in triumph, and retired from public life. He was named Africanus after the country he conquered. His pride aggravated the hatred of his enemies, especially Cato the Elder, who accused the Scipio family of receiving bribes in the campaign against Antiochus III in which Scipio had accompanied (190) his brother. It was only through the influence of his son-in-law, Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, that Scipio was saved from ruin. He retired into the country and ordered that his body might not be buried in his ungrateful city. Later he revealed his great magnanimity by his attempt to prevent the ruin of the exiled Hannibal by Rome.
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_29998786
Europa was mij te klein en ging op zoek naar andere werelddelen... Amerika bestond maar net... maar dat waren geen echte indianen... Ik was de eerste!
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30002012
Ferdinand Magellaan (of Fernão de Magalhães)?

Uiteraard bestond Amerika al veel langer... Leif Eriksson was er tenslotte ook al geweest!
Time's fun when you're having flies - Kermit the Frog
  vrijdag 26 augustus 2005 @ 17:19:37 #109
43311 jozef444
complete and total insanity
pi_30002590
Americo Vespucci anders is het denk ik ook Magellaan
[16:08] <portier> Manvanmariadienooitsexheeftgehad :W
pi_30002654
Mmmmmmm.........ik ga voor Vasco da Gama
Eenen pyl vlieght snelder dan een clootken even swaer
pi_30004754
Hmm Ik denk dat Pyl weleens gelijk kan hebben!
Time's fun when you're having flies - Kermit the Frog
  Voormalig Sport Koningin vrijdag 26 augustus 2005 @ 21:04:26 #112
35237 Nuongirl
pi_30009222
en ? en ?
Geluk is niet afhankelijk van dingen buiten ons,
maar van de manier waarop wij die zien. (Tolstoj)
pi_30012353
quote:
Op vrijdag 26 augustus 2005 21:04 schreef Nuongirl het volgende:
en ? en ?
Ja, ik word zowaar nieuwsgierig........
Eenen pyl vlieght snelder dan een clootken even swaer
pi_30016792
quote:
Op vrijdag 26 augustus 2005 17:21 schreef pyl het volgende:
Mmmmmmm.........ik ga voor Vasco da Gama
And we have a winner!...

Was naar een verjaardag... sorry voor het oponthoud...

Vasco da Gama is famous for his completion of the first all water trade route between Europe and India. Da Gama’s father, Estavao, had originally been chosen by King Joao II to make this historic voyage, but he died before he could complete the mission. It is also said that the opportunity was then given to da Gama's brother, Paulo, who turned it down. The trip needed to be made, and as a last choice, King Emmanuel looked to da Gama to complete the mission.

Vasco da Gama was born in Sines, Portugal in 1469. Being the son of the town’s governor, he was educated as a nobleman and served in the court of King Joao II. Da Gama also served as a navel officer, and in 1492 he commanded a defense of Portuguese colonies from the French on the coast of Guinea. Da Gama was then given the mission to the take command of the first Portuguese expedition around Africa to India.

When Vasco da Gama set out on July 8, 1497 he and his crew planned and equipped four ships. Goncalo Alvares commanded the flagship Sao (Saint) Gabriel. Paulo, da Gama's brother, commanded the Sao Rafael. The other two ships were the Berrio and the Starship. Most of the men working on the ship were convicts and were treated as expendable. On the voyage, da Gama set out from Lisbon, Portugal, rounded the Cape of Good Hope on November 22, and sailed north. Da Gama made various stops along the coast of Africa in trading centers such as Mombasa, Mozambique, Malindi, Kenya, and Quilmana.

As the ships sailed along the east coast of Africa, many conflicts arose between the Portuguese and the Muslims who had already established trading centers along the coast. The Muslim traders in Mozambique and Mombasa did not want interference in their trade centers. Therefore, they perceived the Portuguese as a threat and tried to seize the ships. In Malindi, on the other hand, the Portuguese were well received, because the ruler was hoping to gain an ally against Mombasa, the neighboring port. From Malindi, da Gama was accompanied the rest of the way to India by Ahmad Ibn Majid, a famous Arab pilot.

Vasco da Gama finally arrived in Calicut, India on May 20, 1498. Calicut was the principle market of trade for precious stones, pearls, and spices. At first, the Portuguese were well received and accepted by the Hindu ruler. There was a great ceremony, and da Gama was taken to a Hindu temple. However, this immediate reaction did not last. The ruler later felt insulted by the gifts that Vasco da Gama brought, because they were of little value to him. Da Gama was not able to establish his trading station or negotiate a trading agreement, because the Zamorin (samudrin raja, the Hindu King) did not want to alienate the local merchants. The Portuguese goods that had been well accepted in Africa were not suitable for the prestigious Indian market. The Muslim merchants despised the Portuguese interference in their business and often threatened to not trade with them. Finally, when da Gama wanted to leave, the Zamorin told him that he had to pay a heavy tax and leave all the Portuguese goods as a form of collateral. Da Gama was enraged, and on August 29, 1498, da Gama and his crew departed with all of their possessions and five hostages. Da Gama also took a letter from the Zamorin stating that the Zamorin would trade spices and gems if the Portuguese could get scarlet cloth, coral, silver, and gold.

Vasco da Gama and his crew departed in August 1498 and reached Lisbon in September of 1499. The return trip took so long because many of the sailors died of diseases such as scurvy. When Vasco da Gama returned, he was rewarded with a great celebration. Da Gama was looked upon as a hero, and King Manoel awarded him with titles and a large income.

When Vasco da Gama went out on his second expedition on February 12, 1502, he was prepared for an encounter with the Muslim traders. He set sail with 20 well-armed ships, hoping to force his way into the market and to get revenge on the Muslims for the opposition in 1498. Da Gama killed many innocent Indians and Muslims. In one instance, da Gama waited for a ship to return from Mecca, a Muslim trading and religious center. The Portuguese overtook the ship and seized all the merchandise. Then they locked the 380 passengers in the hold and set the ship on fire. It took four days for the ship to sink, killing all men, women, and children.

When da Gama arrived in Calicut on October 30, 1502, the Zamorin was willing to sign a treaty. Da Gama told him that he would have to banish all of the Muslims. To demonstrate his power, da Gama hung 38 fishermen; cut off their heads, feet, and hands; and floated the dismembered corpses onto the shore. Later da Gama bombarded the city with guns and forced his way into the trading system. This led the way for other Portuguese conquests in the East Indies.

In February of 1503, da Gama returned home. During his final voyage to India, da Gama got sick and died on December 24, 1524. Vasco da Gama's remains were taken back to Portugal, where he was buried in the chapel where he had prayed before his first voyage.
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30033725
Dan maar weer de volgende...

Ik ben geboren eind 19-de eeuw en ben aan de universiteit van Berlijn afgestudeerd in de astronomie. Hoewel meteorologie en klimatologie ook mijn interesse hadden. Ik heb flink gepionierd op dat gebied. Ze doen me nog steeds na... ok iets moderner, maar toch. Uitgelachen ben ik... Ik ben wel geen Galilei, maar het scheelde niet veel... De tweede wereldoorlog heb ik nooit gezien.
Ik kan het uitleggen...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 18:10:45 #116
43311 jozef444
complete and total insanity
pi_30034370
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 17:50 schreef ComComMer het volgende:
Dan maar weer de volgende...

Ik ben geboren eind 19-de eeuw en ben aan de universiteit van Berlijn afgestudeerd in de astronomie. Hoewel meteorologie en klimatologie ook mijn interesse hadden. Ik heb flink gepionierd op dat gebied. Ze doen me nog steeds na... ok iets moderner, maar toch. Uitgelachen ben ik... Ik ben wel geen Galilei, maar het scheelde niet veel... De tweede wereldoorlog heb ik nooit gezien.
Wilde gok -> Goethe ?

edit -> zal wel neit maar ach gokken af en toe is nie erg
[16:08] <portier> Manvanmariadienooitsexheeftgehad :W
pi_30034582
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 18:10 schreef jozef444 het volgende:

[..]

Wilde gok -> Goethe ?

edit -> zal wel neit maar ach gokken af en toe is nie erg
Helaas... helaas...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30035675
Galilei dacht dat de aarde rond was... en om de zon draaide...
Ik dacht dat de aarde... "leefde"...

[ Bericht 1% gewijzigd door ComComMer op 27-08-2005 19:10:54 (aanhalingtekens toegevoegd... ;)) ]
Ik kan het uitleggen...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 19:20:53 #119
43311 jozef444
complete and total insanity
pi_30036000
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 19:07 schreef ComComMer het volgende:
Galilei dacht dat de aarde rond was... en om de zon draaide...
Ik dacht dat de aarde... "leefde"...
de kerel die Gaia heeft bedacht ?

trouwens de aarde is rond, net als een pannekoek
[16:08] <portier> Manvanmariadienooitsexheeftgehad :W
pi_30036097
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 19:20 schreef jozef444 het volgende:

[..]

de kerel die Gaia heeft bedacht ?

trouwens de aarde is rond, net als een pannekoek
Nee, die niet...

En een pannekoek draai je ook om...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 19:28:02 #121
95998 -DailaLama-
Het is Dalai, niet Daila!
pi_30036176
Keppler?
pi_30036578
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 19:28 schreef -DailaLama- het volgende:
Keppler?
Nee...

In 1914 moest ik het Duitse leger in, maar nadat ik gewond raakte, ging ik bij de meteorologische dienst werken voor het leger. Mijn ontdekking deed ik echter in 1911... Daarop ben ik in 1912 en 1913 naar Groenland op expeditie gegaan. En na de oorlog weer. Al die fossiele denkbeelden van de heersende wetenschap ook altijd...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30036815
En planten vond ik ook wel aardig... planten en stenen... dode planten en stenen...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30036974
Puzzel past, puzzel past... plantjes links en rechts... mineralen links en rechts ook! Fossielen rechts... maar ook weer links! JA DE PUZZEL PAST!
Ik kan het uitleggen...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 19:58:05 #125
43311 jozef444
complete and total insanity
pi_30037008
Rubix ?
[16:08] <portier> Manvanmariadienooitsexheeftgehad :W
pi_30037072
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 19:58 schreef jozef444 het volgende:
Rubix ?
Die was jaaaaaaaaaaaren later...

"Wat heeft Schotland nou met de Apalachen in de VS te maken"?????
Ik kan het uitleggen...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 20:08:45 #127
95998 -DailaLama-
Het is Dalai, niet Daila!
pi_30037290
Köppen?
pi_30037358
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 20:08 schreef -DailaLama- het volgende:
Köppen?
Wie is Koeppen?...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30037605
Is ie zo moeilijk?...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30037645
Ola,

Was 't de Duitse man die opeens het licht zag wat betreft de continenten?
pi_30037702
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 20:20 schreef Feniks het volgende:
Ola,

Was 't de Duitse man die opeens het licht zag wat betreft de continenten?
Maar hoe heette die ook alweer?

Naam!
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30037735
begint met een W...
En doet denken aan een Nederlandse uitgeverij
pi_30037879
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 20:23 schreef Feniks het volgende:
begint met een W...
En doet denken aan een Nederlandse uitgeverij


Alfred Wegener (1880-1930)

"Scientists still do not appear to understand sufficiently that all earth sciences must contribute evidence toward unveiling the state of our planet in earlier times, and that the truth of the matter can only be reached by combing all this evidence. . . It is only by combing the information furnished by all the earth sciences that we can hope to determine 'truth' here, that is to say, to find the picture that sets out all the known facts in the best arrangement and that therefore has the highest degree of probability. Further, we have to be prepared always for the possibility that each new discovery, no matter what science furnishes it, may modify the conclusions we draw."
Alfred Wegener. The Origins of Continents and Oceans (4th edition)

Some truly revolutionary scientific theories may take years or decades to win general acceptance among scientists. This is certainly true of plate tectonics, one of the most important and far-ranging geological theories of all time; when first proposed, it was ridiculed, but steadily accumulating evidence finally prompted its acceptance, with immense consequences for geology, geophysics, oceanography, and paleontology. And the man who first proposed this theory was a brilliant interdisciplinary scientist, Alfred Wegener.

Born on November 1, 1880, Alfred Lothar Wegener earned a Ph.D in astronomy from the University of Berlin in 1904. However, he had always been interested in geophysics, and also became fascinated with the developing fields of meteorology and climatology. During his life, Wegener made several key contributions to meteorology: he pioneered the use of balloons to track air circulation, and wrote a textbook that became standard throughout Germany. In 1906 Wegener joined an expedition to Greenland to study polar air circulation. Returning, he accepted a post as tutor at the University of Marburg, taking time to visit Greenland again in 1912-1913. (The above photograph of Wegener was taken during this expedition). In 1914 he was drafted into the German army, but was released from combat duty after being wounded, and served out the war in the Army weather forecasting service. After the war, Wegener returned to Marburg, but became frustrated with the obstacles to advancement placed in his way; in 1924 he accepted a specially created professorship in meteorology and geophysics at the University of Graz, in Austria. Wegener made what was to be his last expedition to Greenland in 1930. While returning from a rescue expedition that brought food to a party of his colleagues camped in the middle of the Greenland icecap, he died, a day or two after his fiftieth birthday.

While at Marburg, in the autumn of 1911, Wegener was browsing in the university library when he came across a scientific paper that listed fossils of identical plants and animals found on opposite sides of the Atlantic. Intrigued by this information, Wegener began to look for, and find, more cases of similar organisms separated by great oceans. Orthodox science at the time explained such cases by postulating that land bridges, now sunken, had once connected far-flung continents. But Wegener noticed the close fit between the coastlines of Africa and South America. Might the similarities among organisms be due, not to land bridges, but to the continents having been joined together at one time? As he later wrote: "A conviction of the fundamental soundness of the idea took root in my mind."

Such an insight, to be accepted, would require large amounts of supporting evidence. Wegener found that large-scale geological features on separated continents often matched very closely when the continents were brought together. For example, the Appalachian mountains of eastern North America matched with the Scottish Highlands, and the distinctive rock strata of the Karroo system of South Africa were identical to those of the Santa Catarina system in Brazil. Wegener also found that the fossils found in a certain place often indicated a climate utterly different from the climate of today: for example, fossils of tropical plants, such as ferns and cycads, are found today on the Arctic island of Spitsbergen. All of these facts supported Wegener's theory of "continental drift." In 1915 the first edition of The Origin of Continents and Oceans, a book outlining Wegener's theory, was published; expanded editions were published in 1920, 1922, and 1929. About 300 million years ago, claimed Wegener, the continents had formed a single mass, called Pangaea (from the Greek for "all the Earth"). Pangaea had rifted, or split, and its pieces had been moving away from each other ever since. Wegener was not the first to suggest that the continents had once been connected, but he was the first to present extensive evidence from several fields.

Reaction to Wegener's theory was almost uniformly hostile, and often exceptionally harsh and scathing; Dr. Rollin T. Chamberlin of the University of Chicago said, "Wegener's hypothesis in general is of the footloose type, in that it takes considerable liberty with our globe, and is less bound by restrictions or tied down by awkward, ugly facts than most of its rival theories." Part of the problem was that Wegener had no convincing mechanism for how the continents might move. Wegener thought that the continents were moving through the earth's crust, like icebreakers plowing through ice sheets, and that centrifugal and tidal forces were responsible for moving the continents. Opponents of continental drift noted that plowing through oceanic crust would distort continents beyond recognition, and that centrifugal and tidal forces were far too weak to move continents -- one scientist calculated that a tidal force strong enough to move continents would cause the Earth to stop rotating in less than one year. Another problem was that flaws in Wegener's original data caused him to make some incorrect and outlandish predictions: he suggested that North America and Europe were moving apart at over 250 cm per year (about ten times the fastest rates seen today, and about a hundred times faster than the measured rate for North America and Europe). There were scientists who supported Wegener: the South African geologist Alexander Du Toit supported it as an explanation for the close similarity of strata and fossils between Africa and South America, and the Swiss geologist Émile Argand saw continental collisions as the best explanation for the folded and buckled strata that he observed in the Swiss Alps. Wegener's theory found more scattered support after his death, but the majority of geologists continued to believe in static continents and land bridges.

What prompted the revival of continental drift? In large part it was increased exploration of the Earth's crust, notably the ocean floor, beginning in the 1950s and continuing on to the present day. By the late 1960s, plate tectonics was well supported and accepted by almost all geologists. We now know that Wegener's theory was wrong in one major point: continents do not plow through the ocean floor. Instead, both continents and ocean floor form solid plates, which "float" on the asthenosphere, the underlying rock that is under such tremendous heat and pressure that it behaves as an extremely viscous liquid. (Incidentally, this is why the older term "continental drift" is not quite accurate -- both continents and oceanic crust move.)

Since Wegener's day, scientists have mapped and explored the great system of oceanic ridges, the sites of frequent earthquakes, where molten rock rises from below the crust and hardens into new crust. We now know that the farther away you travel from a ridge, the older the crust is, and the older the sediments on top of the crust are. The clear implication is that the ridges are the sites where plates are moving apart (click on the picture at the left to see a map of the age of the ocean crust). Where plates collide, great mountain ranges may be pushed up, such as the Himalayas; or if one plate sinks below another, deep oceanic trenches and chains of volcanoes are formed. Earthquakes are by far most common along plate boundaries and rift zones: plotting the location of earthquakes allows seismologists to map plate boundaries and depths (click on the picture at the right to view a map of quake epicenters). Paleomagnetic data have allowed us to map past plate movements much more precisely than before. It is even possible to measure the speed of continental plates extremely accurately, using satellite technology. Nevertheless, Wegener's basic insights remain sound, and the lines of evidence that he used to support his theory are still actively being researched and expanded
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30038839
Ik ben een vrouw... geboren in het jaar 625 A.D. Op mijn 32ste werd ik keizerin. De belastingen voor de boeren werden verlaagd en scholen werden gebouwd. Vrouwen kregen relatief meer rechten. Mijn heerschappij was rechtvaardiger dan mijn weg naar de troon die ik ongenadig heb afgelegd...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 21:09:31 #135
95998 -DailaLama-
Het is Dalai, niet Daila!
pi_30039099
Hallo, ik ben ook een Duitser, en ben ook geboren in de 19e eeuw. Ik wilde graag een kunstenaarsopleiding doen, maar m'n vader raadde dat af. Daarom heb ik mezelf maar het een en ander geleerd. Je kunt van me zeggen dat ik "de brug gebouwd" heb, samen met wat andere mannen.

Ik heb gediend in het Duitse leger tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Helaas raakte ik daarvan erg in de war ...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 21:16:04 #136
95998 -DailaLama-
Het is Dalai, niet Daila!
pi_30039326
Ow moet ik die van mij nu even weghalen?
pi_30039532
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 21:16 schreef -DailaLama- het volgende:
Ow moet ik die van mij nu even weghalen?
Bewaar hem voor hierna... anders wordt het wat chaotisch denk ik...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 21:24:33 #138
95998 -DailaLama-
Het is Dalai, niet Daila!
pi_30039559
Matilda van Engeland?
pi_30039618
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 21:24 schreef -DailaLama- het volgende:
Matilda van Engeland?
Nee... Ik kom niet uit Europa...

Ik heb zelfs de hoer moeten uithangen, maar dat betekent in mijn land iets anders toendestijds... het was een maatschappelijke status... Met aanzien en macht...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30039902
Confucius vond niet dat vrouwen konden besturen... dat was net iets als een hen die kraait 's ochtends ter ontwaken... in plaats van de haan. Maar ik hield het vol tot mijn tachtigste. Creeerde mijn eigen geheime dienst. Maar van vriendjespolitiek was ook ik niet vreemd. Mensen werden aangesteld op basis van kwaliteit en niet op basis van status. Iedereen moest examens doen om dat te bewijzen. De wetenschap bloeide op en het Boedisme werd staatgodsdienst ipv het Daoisme...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30040156
Ik ben de enige vrouwelijke keizerin geweest van mijn land.
Ik kan het uitleggen...
pi_30040612
Eens een keer een machtige vrouw... geven de mannelijke Fokkers zich gewonnen...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 22:17:55 #143
95998 -DailaLama-
Het is Dalai, niet Daila!
pi_30041144
Ik heb geen verstand van Chinezen.
Dan kan ik het wel op gaan zoeken, maar dat mag toch niet?
pi_30041253
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 22:17 schreef -DailaLama- het volgende:
Ik heb geen verstand van Chinezen.
Dan kan ik het wel op gaan zoeken, maar dat mag toch niet?
Voor deze ene keer dan... omdat je naam uit die regionen stamt...
Ik kan het uitleggen...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 22:23:31 #145
95998 -DailaLama-
Het is Dalai, niet Daila!
pi_30041380
Keizerin Wu Zetian
pi_30041906
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 22:23 schreef -DailaLama- het volgende:
Keizerin Wu Zetian


Empress Wu Zetian
Tang Dynasty China (625-705 AD)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Even though according to the Confucian beliefs having a woman rule would be as unnatural as having a "hen crow like a rooster at daybreak," during the most glorious years of the Tang dynasty a woman did rule, and ruled successfully. She was Wu Zetian, the only female in Chinese history to rule as emperor. To some she was an autocrat, ruthless in her desire to gain and keep power. To others she, as a woman doing a "man's job," merely did what she had to do, and acted no differently than most male emperors of her day. They also note that she managed to effectively rule China during one of its more peaceful and culturally diverse periods.
The Tang dynasty (618-906 AD) was a time of relative freedom for women. They did not bind their feet nor lead submissive lives. It was a time in which a number of exceptional women contributed in the areas of culture and politics. So it is no surprise that Wu, born into a rich and noble family, was taught to play music, write, and read the Chinese classics. By thirteen years of age she was known for her wit, intelligence, and beauty, and was recruited to the court of Emperor Tai Tsung. She soon became his favorite concubine. But she also had eyes for his son, Kao Tsung.

When the emperor died and Kao Tsung took over, Wu was now twenty seven years old. In time she became a favorite concubine of the new emperor, giving birth to the sons he wanted. As mother of the future emperor of China, she grew in power. She managed to eliminate Kao Tsung's wife, Empress Wang, by accusing her of killing Wu's newborn daughter. Kao Tsung believed Wu, and replaced Empress Wang to marry the up and coming Wu Zetian.

Within five years of their marriage, Emperor Kao Tsung suffered a crippling stroke. The Empress Wu took over the administrative duties of the court, a position equal to the emperor. She created a secret police force to spy on her opposition, and cruelly jailed or killed anyone who stood in her way, including the unfortunate Empress Wang. With the death of Emperor Kao Tsung, Wu managed to outflank her eldest sons and moved her youngest, and much weaker son, into power. She in effect ruled, telling him what to do.

In order to challenge Confucian beliefs against rule by women, Wu began a campaign to elevate the position of women. She had scholars write biographies of famous women, and raised the position of her mother's clan by giving her relatives high political posts. She moved her court away from the seat of traditional male power and tried to establish a new dynasty. She said that the ideal ruler was one who ruled like a mother does over her children.

In 690, Wu's youngest son removed himself from office, and Wu Zetian was declared emperor of China. In spite of her ruthless climb to power, her rule proved to be benign. She found the best people she could to run the government, and treated those she trusted fairly. She reduced the army's size and stopped the influence of aristocratic military men on government by replacing them with scholars. Everyone had to compete for government positions by taking exams, thus setting the practice of government run by scholars. Wu also was fair to peasants, lowering oppressive taxes, raising agricultural production, and strengthening public works.

During her reign, Empress Wu placed Buddhism over Daoism as the favored state religion. She invited the most gifted scholars to China and built Buddhist temples and cave sculptures. Chinese Buddhism achieved its highest development under the reign of Wu Zetian.

As she grew older, Empress Wu lessened the power of her secret police. But she become increasingly superstitious and fearful. Sorcerers and corrupt court favorites flattered her. Finally, in 705, she was pressured to give up the throne in favor of her third son, who was waiting all these years in the wings. Wu Zetian died peacefully at age eighty the same year.
Ik kan het uitleggen...
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 22:56:29 #147
95998 -DailaLama-
Het is Dalai, niet Daila!
pi_30042465
Ow ja, nog even over mij. Je denkt misschien vanwege mn eerdere post dat ik Adolf Hitler ben, maar alsjeblieft niet zeg! Die schreeuwerige Oostenrijker .... Hij hield er niet van wat ik deed en liet dat ook merken. Al die rare dingen die hij daarover zij ... het werd me allemaal te veel en heb er maar een eind aan gemaakt.
pi_30044099
Dat einde... was dat toevallig op een besneeuwde bergtop, buiten?
Time's fun when you're having flies - Kermit the Frog
  zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 @ 23:56:23 #149
95998 -DailaLama-
Het is Dalai, niet Daila!
pi_30044512
quote:
Op zaterdag 27 augustus 2005 23:44 schreef Alecks het volgende:
Dat einde... was dat toevallig op een besneeuwde bergtop, buiten?
In Zwitserland was dat.

Ik begrijp die Hitler sowieso niet.
Al dat gezeur over die rassen ... Niets voor mij.
Sterker nog, ik leer juist heel veel van primitieve culturen. Het trekt me enorm.
  zondag 28 augustus 2005 @ 00:39:22 #150
95998 -DailaLama-
Het is Dalai, niet Daila!
pi_30045847
Maar ik ga slapen.

Dromen van mijn lieve Doris .... en van mezelf natuurlijk. Want ik vind mezelf ontzettend goed. Ik ben de beste van de club.
abonnement Unibet Coolblue Bitvavo
Forum Opties
Forumhop:
Hop naar:
(afkorting, bv 'KLB')