Wie ben ik? (deel 2)

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Op dinsdag 6 september 2005 20:25 schreef Nuongirl het volgende:
Vrede van Roskilde bedoel je ?
Ik denk dat het koning Karel X Gustaaf van Zweden is

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Karel X Gustaaf (8 november 1622 – 13 februari 1660) was koning van Zweden van 1654 tot 1660. Hij was de zoon van paltsgraaf Johan Casimir van de Palts-Kleeburg en prinses Catharina Wasa, de dochter van Karel IX. Hij was getrouwd met Hedwig Eleonora van Holstein-Gottorp en stierf in 1660 in Gotenburg. Hij had een zoon: Karel XI.

Karel X Gustaaf was neef van koningin Christina. Toen zijn in 1654 aftrad en het land verliet, volgde hij haar op. Hij is een van de meest facinerende koningen van Zweden. Hij zat niet zo lang op de troon, maar had grote invloed op de historie. Hij bracht het grootste deel van zijn regeerperiode door als aanvoerder van het Zweedse leger in Polen, Duitsland en Denemarken. Het leger behaalde vele successen, o.a. een offensief over de Grote Belt dat tot de vrede van Roskilde leidde. Daarbij verloor Denemarken zijn bezittingen in het zuiden van Zweden.

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Op woensdag 7 september 2005 09:26 schreef pyl het volgende:
Cleopatra

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Op woensdag 7 september 2005 17:22 schreef LodewijkNapoleon het volgende:
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Perigord wellicht?

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Charles Maurice de Talleyrand
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from Talleyrand)

Charles Maurice de TalleyrandCharles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (February 2, 1754 - May 17, 1838) was a French diplomat. He worked successfully from the regime of Louis XVI, through the revolution and then under Napoleon I, Louis XVIII and Louis-Philippe. Known since the turn of the 19th century simply by the name Talleyrand, he is widely regarded as one of the most versatile and influential diplomats in European history.

Talleyrand was born into an aristocratic family in Paris, but a foot injury in childhood, or possibly Marfan syndrome, left him unable to enter the anticipated military career. He was instead directed by his family into a career within the Church, attending the Collège d'Harcourt and Saint-Sulpice College until the age of 21. He was ordained in 1779. In 1780 he became a Church representative to the Crown, as the Agent-General of the Clergy. In this position, he was instrumental in drafting a general tableau of church properties in France as of 1785, along with a defence of "inalienable rights of church"; a stance he was to deny later. In 1789, due to the influence of his father, the already notably unbelieving Talleyrand was appointed Bishop of Autun.

In the Estates-General of 1789, he represented the clergy, the First Estate. During the French Revolution he supported the revolutionary cause. He assisted Mirabeau in the secularization of ecclesiastical properties. He participated the writing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and proposed the Civil Constitution of the Clergy that nationalized the Church, leading to his excommunication by Pope Pius VI and his resignation as Bishop. Notably, he promoted the public education in full spirit of Enlightenment. He celebrated the mass during the Fête de la Fédération on the 14 July 1790.

In 1792 he was sent twice, though not officially, to Britain to avert war: Besides an initial declaration of neutrality during the first campaigns of 1792, it ultimately failed. In September 1792, he left Paris for England just at the beginning of September Massacres, yet declined the émigré status. Because of his aristocratic background, Convention issued a warrant for his arrest in December 1792. His stay in England wasn't uneventful as well; in March 1794, he was forced to leave the country by Pitt's expulsion order. He then arrived at the United States where he stayed until his return to France in 1796. During his stay, he subsidized himself by working as a bank agent, involving in commodity trading and real-estate speculation. After the 9 Thermidor and demise of Robespierre, he mobilized his friends (most notably Desrenaudes and Germaine de Staël) to lobby in Convention and newly established Directoire for his return. His name was then suppressed from the émigré list and he returned to France in September 25, 1796. In 1797 he became Foreign Minister. Talleyrand saw a possible political career for Napoleon during the Italian campaigns of 1796/1797. He wrote many letters to Napoleon and they became close allies. Talleyrand was against the destruction of the Republic of Venice, but he complimented Napoleon when peace with Austria was concluded and Venice was finished, probably because he wanted to reinforce his alliance with Napoleon. Together with Napoleon´s older brother, Louis Bonaparte, he was instrumental in the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire, 1799 and soon after he was made Foreign Minister by Napoleon, although he rarely agreed with Napoleon's foreign policy. The Pope also released him from the ban of excommunication.

In March 1804 he was involved in the kidnapping and execution of the Duke of Enghien; in response to those events he made what was perhaps his most famous quip: "That was worse than a crime; it was a mistake". In May 1804 Napoleon made him Grand Chamberlain and Vice-elector of the Empire; during this year, Talleyrand also bought the Chateau Valençay. In 1806 he was made Sovereign Prince of Benevento (or Bénévent). Talleyrand was against the crude treatment of Prussia in the Peace of Tilsit in 1807. The queen of Prussia cried and was consoled by Talleyrand. This gave him a good name among the elite of the European countries outside France. He resigned as minister of foreign affairs in 1807 over his opposition to the Franco-Russian Alliance and by 1809 he was even further from the Emperor, a break completed in 1812 with the attack on Russia. Talleyrand had no responsible occupation between 1807 and 1812. Napoleon appointed him as representative of France at the Congress of Erfurt, because the European leaders wanted this. Tsar Alexander I of Russia wanted his advice in dealing with Napoleon and they met regularly during the congress. It is said that Tsar Alexander changed his attitude towards Napoleon thanks to Talleyrand. Alexander was afraid of Napoleon, because the Russians had been defeated twice. He admired the modern institutions of France and wanted to reform his country. Talleyrand allegedly convinced him that Napoleon's France was a threat to European nation states and that Russia should resist the will of emperor Napoleon. Talleyrand became a Russian secret agent from 1812 onwards, but his political career was over until the fall of Napoleon.

It is said that Talleyrand's continuous intriguing and plotting caused Napoleon to once denounce him to his face as "shit in a silk stocking," [1] to which the minister coldly retorted, "Pity that so great a man should be so ill mannered!"

When Napoleon was succeeded by Louis XVIII in April 1814, Talleyrand was one of the key creators of the restoration of the Bourbons while opposing the new legislation of Louis's rule. Tsar Alexander wanted Talleyrand to become the new ruler of France, but Talleyrand wanted the restoration of Louis XVIII. Talleyrand was the chief French negotiator at the Congress of Vienna, and in that same year he signed the Treaty of Paris. It was due, in part, to his skills that the terms of the treaty were remarkably lenient towards France. At the start, only four countries made the decisions: Austria, the United Kingdom, Prussia, and Russia. France and other European countries were invited, but had no influence on the decision making. Talleyrand became the champion of the small countries and demanded admission with the decision makers. The big four admitted France and Spain to the decision making back rooms of the conference after a lot of havoc making. Spain was excluded after a while, but France (Talleyrand) was allowed to participate until the end. Russia and Prussia wanted to enlarge their territory during the congress. Austria was afraid to lose territories to them and United Kingdom was against their expansion as well. Talleyrand managed to establish a middle position and received some favours from the other countries in exchange for his support. France even returned to its 1792 boundaries with no reparations, with French control over papal Avignon and Salm, which had been independent at the start of the French Revolution in 1789. (Some historians critical of Talleyrand blame his diplomacy for establishing the faultlines of World War I, especially for allowing Prussia to engulf small German states west of Rhine. This simultaneously placed Prussian armed forces at the French-German frontier—which had never happened before—, made Prussia the biggest power in Germany in terms of territorial extent, population and the industry of the Ruhr and Rhineland; and eventually paved the way to German unification under Prussian throne.)

Napoleon's return to France in 1815 and his subsequent defeat, the Hundred Days, was a reverse for the diplomatic victories of Talleyrand; the second peace settlement was markedly less lenient and it was fortunate for France that the business of the Congress had been concluded. Talleyrand resigned in September of that year, either over the second treaty or under pressure from opponents in France. He thereafter restricted himself to the role of 'elder statesman', criticising from the sidelines. Under King Louis-Philippe he was ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1830-34, where he strived to reinforce the legitimacy of Louis-Phillipe which came to power after 1830 Revolution (also known as the July Revolution). As ambassador in London he proposed a partition plan for the Netherlands.


Catherine (Worlée) Grand, princesse de Talleyrand-Périgourd, painted by François Gérard 1805–6Talleyrand was a womanizer. Many women fall for his charms, his fluent conversation and elegant manner, despite his limping leg. He used women for his political networking. He became minister of foreign affairs in 1797, after initial letters of a woman towards Barras, the most powerful politician in France at that time. He lived together with Catherine Worlée, born in India and married there to Charles Grand, who then adventured about before settling in Paris as a notorious courtesan in the 1780s for several years before she divorced Grand and they married in 1802. Talleyrand tried to prevent a marriage, but after a lot of postponement, he was obliged to marry on instigation of Napoleon: otherwise his political career would have been over. Visitors to Talleyrand were shocked by the behaviour of his wife, who was regarded as a beauty, but very stupid.

Talleyrand liked money as well. He got a lot of money from his occupations, for instance his behaviour during the German Mediatization (Reichsdeputationshauptschluss), the consolidation of the small German states. German rulers and elites paid him lots of money to save their possesions, or to enlarge their territories.

Talleyrand was idle. He kept on using his title, prince of Benevento, after Napoleon was defeated, despite his principality being reincorporated into Italy. This irritated king Louis XVIII and his court.

Talleyrand was a great conversationalist, gourmand, and wine connoisseur. From 1801 to 1804 he owned Château Haut-Brion in Bordeaux. He employed the renowned French chef Carême, one of the first celebrity chef known as "chef of kings and king of chefs."

Talleyrand died on May 17, 1838 and was buried at his Château of Valençay.

Today, when speaking of the art of diplomacy, the phrase "he is a Talleyrand" denotes a statesman of great resource and skill.

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Op woensdag 7 september 2005 17:22 schreef LodewijkNapoleon het volgende:
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Perigord wellicht?

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Op woensdag 7 september 2005 17:58 schreef LodewijkNapoleon het volgende:
Ik ben geboren in een gebied genoemd naar de daar aanwezige groene heuvelen. Ik was best wel gelovig ingesteld, maar ik had geen flauw idee bij welke kerk ik me moest aansluiten. Gelukkig kwam een engel me vertellen dat ik maar beter voor mijzelf kon beginnen en dat ik zelf een kerk moest stichten, hij vertelde tussen neus en lippen ook nog even waar de tien zoekgeraakte stammen van Israel gebleven waren, en hoe toevallig, die woonde volgens hem ook in mijn land.

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Op woensdag 7 september 2005 18:37 schreef -DailaLama- het volgende:
Kun je zulke lange namen ECHT uit je hoofd op lepelen?

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Op woensdag 7 september 2005 18:48 schreef -DailaLama- het volgende:
Joseph Smith Jr.?

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Op woensdag 7 september 2005 20:51 schreef Alecks het volgende:
Lodewijk Napoleon, DailaLama: Dat is dan toch wel een beetje valsspelen, hoor...
(Daarom vind ik dit spelletje ook veel moeilijker dan RJP. Ik heb ook moeite met dit soort details...)

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Op woensdag 7 september 2005 20:31 schreef -DailaLama- het volgende:
Ik wist dat het de man achter de Mormonen was, maar ik wist zn naam niet meer, die heb ik opgezocht

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Op donderdag 8 september 2005 10:24 schreef pyl het volgende:
Hmmmmmm..........ik twijfelde en verwierp de gedachte, maar nu probeer ik het toch: Idi Amin?

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Idi Amin

Idi AminIdi Amin Dada Oumee (ca 1925-16 augustus 2003) was van 1971 tot 1979 dictator in Oeganda. Zijn regeringstijd wordt als een van de bloedigste in de moderne Afrikaanse geschiedenis beschouwd. Hij droeg de bijnaam slachter van Afrika; zijn bewind kostte circa 300.000 mensen het leven. Amin kon niet schrijven en nauwelijks lezen.

Het exacte geboortejaar van Amin is onbekend, de schattingen lopen uiteen van 1924 tot 1928.

Generaal Amin greep de macht in Oeganda op 25 januari 1971, waarna hij een dictatoriaal regime vestigde. De militaire leiders die zijn staatsgreep niet steunden, werden door hem geëxecuteerd. Het gerucht gaat dat hij enkele van hun hoofden in de vriezer bewaarde, om op tafel te zetten als gasten kwamen eten.

In 1972 heeft hij de Indiase gemeenschap van Oeganda (circa 40.000) uit Oeganda verjaagd; hij beweerde daartoe opgeroepen te zijn door God. Indiase inwoners die weigerden te vertrekken, werden uitgemoord door Amins troepen.

In 1976 ondersteunde Idi Amin een terroristische actie van de PLO, door deze organisatie toe te staan een gekaapt toestel van Air France en de passagiers onder te brengen op het Oegandese vliegveld Entebbe en van daaruit eisen te stellen aan Israël. Een bliksemactie van het Israëlische defensieleger op 4 juli 1976 (waarbij de Israelische veldcommandant Jonathan Netanyahu omkwam) maakte een eind aan de gijzeling.

In de loop der jaren heeft Amin zichzelf imposante titels toegekend, variërend van 'president voor het leven' tot 'koning van Schotland'.

In 1978 vielen Amins troepen Tanzania binnen. In 1979 lukte het Tanzania, met behulp van Oegandese guerrillastrijders, om Amin te verjagen. De vroegere president van Oeganda, Milton Obote, kwam weer aan de macht. Amin vluchtte naar Libië. Eind jaren '80 verhuisde hij naar Saudi-Arabië, waar hij met zijn vier vrouwen van een Saudisch staatspensioen leefde.

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Op zondag 11 september 2005 16:57 schreef Nuongirl het volgende:
Pyl, jij mag weer