abonnement bol.com Unibet Coolblue
pi_193468867
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 11:02 schreef Ensiferum het volgende:

[..]

[ afbeelding ]

Check die racist!
Wow een propaganda foto. Nu kunnen we al zijn uitspraken gewoon vergeten.
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 12:41:49 #177
365087 RamboDirk
is een beer!
pi_193468928
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 10:56 schreef slashdotter3 het volgende:
Trudeau’s 21-Second Pause Becomes the Story in Canada
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau struggled to find the words to answer a question about President Trump’s response to the protests roiling the United States.

When asked what he thought of President Trump’s call for military action against American protesters and the tear gassing of peaceful demonstrators to make way for a photo-op, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau paused at his podium for 21 uncomfortable, televised seconds. He opened his mouth, then shut it — twice. He softly groaned.

Finally, in a scene on Tuesday that has now spread wildly around the internet, Mr. Trudeau said: “We all watch in horror and consternation what’s going on in the United States.”

filmpje: https://www.nytimes.com/2(...)-floyd-protests.html

https://www.reddit.com/r/(...)ecomes_the_story_in/
Lachwekkende act :D
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 12:48:40 #178
56749 BlaZ
Torpitudo peius est quam mors.
pi_193469029
quote:
9s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 01:55 schreef Enchanter het volgende:

[..]

Ja leuk , maar er worden nog steeds meer blanken dan donkere mensen door de politie neer geschoten.
Ja , ik weet het er wonen ook meer blanken dan donkere mensen in de USA..
Maar daarentegen zijn donkere mensen veel meer vertegenwoordigd in criminaliteit dan blanken.
En er al zal ongetwijfeld hier en daar een racistische agent tussen zitten die de het slachtoffer gedood heeft omdat die zwart was , maar we weten natuurlijk niet wat er vooraf zich heeft afgespeeld

Deze statistieken zeggen natuurlijk ook wel het één en ander

[ afbeelding ]
Maar negers
Dat zeg ik ook helemaal niet. Maar ik geef alleen aan waar de onvrede van BLM vandaan komt. Of die verder statistisch correct is maakt weinig uit in een segregeerde maatschappij.
Ceterum censeo Turciam delendam esse.
pi_193469119
quote:
1s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 12:41 schreef RamboDirk het volgende:

[..]

Lachwekkende act :D
Trudeau voelt zich natuurlijk wat meer verbonden met die zwarte actievoerders. ^O^

pi_193469136
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 12:22 schreef probeer het volgende:

[..]

https://en.wikipedia.org/(...)#In_housing_and_loan

Maar we snappen wel dat jij koste wat kost blijft negeren dat institutioneel racisme een ding is in de VS.
Ik dacht, ik ga je link eens even doorlezen. Maar na je opmerking doen we dat dan toch maar niet.
pi_193469171
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 12:55 schreef Scrummie2.1 het volgende:

[..]

Ik dacht, ik ga je link eens even doorlezen. Maar na je opmerking doen we dat dan toch maar niet.
Die link is je al 3x voorgelegd en heb je nog steeds niet willen lezen.

Maar doe maar weer leuk alsof het aan een ander ligt dat jij het institutioneel racisme in Amerika al 23 topics lang weigert te erkennen.
"Pools are perfect for holding water"
pi_193470388
Niet mijn krant verder, maar;

quote:
The Myth of Systemic Police Racism
Hold officers accountable who use excessive force. But there’s no evidence of widespread racial bias.
https://www.wsj.com/artic(...)e-racism-11591119883
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 14:33:06 #183
140043 Isdatzo
Born in the echoes.
pi_193470501
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 10:46 schreef Scrummie2.1 het volgende:

[..]

De enige bron die ik mij kan herinneren was een artikel van de WaPo dat achter een paywall zit.

Als je het niet erg vind ga ik daar inderdaad niet op in.
Zal ik je helpen?

A 2017 study of 4.5 million traffic stops by the 100 largest police departments in North Carolina found that blacks and Latinos were more likely to be searched than whites (5.4 percent, 4.1 percent and 3.1 percent, respectively), even though searches of white motorists were more likely than the others to turn up contraband (whites: 32 percent, blacks: 29 percent, Latinos: 19 percent).
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.05376.pdf

According to the Justice Department, between 2012 and 2014, black people in Ferguson, Mo., accounted for 85 percent of vehicle stops, 90 percent of citations and 93 percent of arrests, despite comprising 67 percent of the population. Blacks were more than twice as likely as whites to be searched after traffic stops, even though they proved to be 26 percent less likely to be in possession of illegal drugs or weapons. Between 2011 and 2013, blacks also received 95 percent of jaywalking tickets and 94 percent of tickets for “failure to comply.” The Justice Department also found that the racial discrepancy for speeding tickets increased dramatically when researchers looked at tickets based on only an officer’s word vs. tickets based on objective evidence, such as vs. radar. Black people facing similar low-level charges as white people were 68 percent less likely to see those charges dismissed in court. More than 90 percent of the arrest warrants stemming from failure to pay/failure to appear were issued for black people.
https://www.justice.gov/s(...)epartment_report.pdf

A study of “investigatory” traffic stops — that is, stops that did not result in a citation — by police in Kansas City found that blacks were 2.7 times more likely to be pulled over in an investigatory stop, and five times more likely to be searched.
https://www.kcur.org/show(...)ce-practice#stream/0

A study of stop and frisk incidents in Boston between 2007 and 2010 that did not result in a citation or arrest found that 63 percent of such stops were of black people. Blacks made up 24 percent of the city’s population. Incredibly, 97.5 percent of these encounters resulted in no arrest or seizure of contraband.
https://www.aclum.org/sit(...)own-and-targeted.pdf

A 2015 statistical analysis of police shootings from 2011 to 2014 found that the racial disparity in police shootings of black people could not be explained by higher crime rates in majority-black communities.
http://journals.plos.org/(...)journal.pone.0141854

a study published in June reviewed every reported homicide between 1976 and 2009 and found that “homicides with white victims are significantly more likely to be ‘cleared’ by the arrest of a suspect than are homicides with minority victims.”
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3202470

Another ACLU study, this time on the use of stop-and-frisk in Milwaukee between 2010 and 2017, found that in nearly half of the more than 700,000 such stops, the police failed to demonstrate reasonable suspicion as required by the Constitution. The study found that between pedestrian stops and traffic stops, black people were six times more likely to be stopped and searched than white people, and that less than 1 percent of those searches turned up any contraband. Here again, while black and Latino drivers were more likely to be searched, they were 20 percent less likely to be in possession of any contraband.
https://www.aclu.org/blog(...)kee-police-stops-are

A 2017 study of interactions between officers and citizens taken from footage captured by police officer body cameras found that “officers speak with consistently less respect toward black versus white community members, even after controlling for the race of the officer, the severity of the infraction, the location of the stop, and the outcome of the stop.”
http://www.pnas.org/conte(...)/1702413114.full.pdf

An NAACP survey of citizen complaints against police officers in North Charleston, S.C., between 2006 and 2016 found that complaints by white citizens were about two-thirds more likely to be sustained than complaints filed by black citizens. When the complainant alleged excessive force, white complaints were sustained seven times more often than black complaints.
http://www.naacpldf.org/f(...)AL%20July%202017.pdf

According to a Justice Department study released in 2013, throughout the United States, black drivers are about 30 percent more likely to be pulled over than white drivers. Black drivers are also more likely to be pulled over for alleged mechanical or equipment problems with their automobiles, or for record checks. White people are actually more likely to get pulled over for noticeable traffic violations such as speeding. Black drivers are more likely to not be told why they were pulled over.
https://www.washingtonpos(...)=lk_inline_manual_41

In 2016, the ACLU of Florida released a report that found that black drivers in that state were twice as likely to be pulled over for seat-belt violations as white drivers.
https://www.aclu.org/repo(...)belt-law-enforcement

data from New York City showed that black people are arrested for marijuana at eight times the rate of white people. In Manhattan, it’s 15 times as much. Black neighborhoods produce far more arrests than white neighborhoods, despite data showing a similar rate at which residents complain about marijuana use.
https://www.nytimes.com/2(...)rticle®ion=Footer

A 2014 ACLU survey of SWAT teams across the country found that “dynamic entry” and paramilitary police tactics are disproportionately used against black and Latino people. Most of these raids were on people suspected of low-level drug crimes.
https://www.aclu.org/site(...)-report-web-rel1.pdf

In contrast to the assertion that blacks are more likely to be arrested because they’re more likely to use drugs in public, a 2002 study of narcotics search warrants in the San Diego area — that is, warrants to search for drugs in private homes — found that black and Hispanic residents were “significantly over-represented as targets of narcotics search warrants,” even after adjusting for usage rates. The study also found that “searches of White suspects were more successful in recovering the targeted drug than were searches of either Black or Hispanic suspects.”
http://faculty.cwsl.edu/b(...)csSearchWarrants.pdf

According to figures from the National Registry of Exonerations (NER) black people are about five times more likely to go to prison for drug possession than white people. According to exoneration data, black people are also 12 times more likely to be wrongly convicted of drug crimes.
http://www.law.umich.edu/(...)gful_Convictions.pdf

When Harris County, Tex., saw a flaw in how drug testing was conducted at its crime lab, officials went back and exonerated dozens of people who had been wrongly convicted for possession — most pleaded guilty, despite their innocence. This is because prosecutors often promise harsher sentences or more charges for defendants who take a case to trial. Black people comprise 20 percent of the Harris County population but made up 62 percent of the wrongful drug convictions.
https://www.texastribune.org/2017/03/07/report/

Black people comprise about 12.5 percent of drug users but 29 percent of arrests for drug crimes and 33 percent of those incarcerated.
https://www.naacp.org/criminal-justice-fact-sheet/

Blacks were also three times as likely to get hit with — and made up two-thirds of — the sentencing enhancements for committing drug crimes near a school zone, church, park or public housing. In all, when blacks and whites committed similar drug crimes, blacks on average received a sentence that was two-thirds longer. In some parts of the state, it was two or three times longer.
http://projects.heraldtribune.com/bias/bauer/

An analysis of drug war data by the Vera Institute of Justice published this year found that “the risk of incarceration in the federal system for someone who uses drugs monthly and is black is more than seven times that of his or her white counterpart.”
https://storage.googleapi(...)cial-disparities.pdf

A study of criminal cases from 1983 and 1993 found that prosecutors in Philadelphia removed 52 percent of potential black jurors vs. only 23 percent of nonblack jurors.
https://www.aclu.org/other/race-and-death-penalty

Between 2003 and 2012, prosecutors in Caddo Parish, La. — one of the most aggressive death penalty counties in the country — struck 46 percent of prospective black jurors with preemptory challenges, vs. 15 percent of nonblacks.
https://blackstrikes.com/(...)rish_August_2015.pdf

Between 1994 and 2002, Jefferson Parish prosecutors struck 55 percent of blacks, but just 16 percent of whites. Although blacks make up 23 percent of the population, 80 percent of criminal trials had no more than two black jurors in a state where it takes only 10 of 12 juror votes to convict.
https://www.newyorker.com(...)-strike-black-jurors & https://eji.org/sites/def(...)n-jury-selection.pdf

A 2011 study from Michigan State University College of Law found that between 1990 and 2010, state prosecutors struck about 53 percent of black people eligible for juries in criminal cases, vs. about 26 percent of white people. The study’s authors concluded that the chance of this occurring in a race-neutral process was less than 1 in 10 trillion. Even after adjusting for excuses given by prosecutors that tend to correlate with race, the 2-to-1 discrepancy remained. The state legislature had previously passed a law stating that death penalty defendants who could demonstrate racial bias in jury selection could have their sentences changed to life without parole. The legislature later repealed that law.
1.https://digitalcommons.la(...)1330&context=facpubs
2. https://deathpenaltyinfo.(...)e-act-ruling-summary
3. https://www.ncleg.net/Sessions/2009/Bills/Senate/PDF/S461v6.pdf
4. https://edition.cnn.com/2(...)h-penalty/index.html

In a 2010 study, “mock jurors” were given the same evidence from a fictional robbery case but then shown alternate security camera footage depicting either a light-skinned or dark-skinned suspect. Jurors were more likely to evaluate ambiguous, race-neutral evidence against the dark-skinned suspect as incriminating and more likely to find the dark-skinned suspect guilty.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1601615

While white people make up less than half of the country’s murder victims, a 2003 study by Amnesty International found that about 80 percent of the people on death row in the United States killed a white person.
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/AMR51/046/2003/en/

A 2012 study of Harris County, Tex., cases found that people who killed white victims were 2.5 times more likely to be sentenced to the death penalty than other killers.

In Delaware, according to a 2012 study, “black defendants who kill white victims are seven times as likely to receive the death penalty as are black defendants who kill black victims. … Moreover, black defendants who kill white victims are more than three times as likely to be sentenced to death as are white defendants who kill white victims.”
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2019913

A study of death penalty rates of black perpetrators/white victims vs. white perpetrators/black victims through 1999 showed similar discrepancies. Interestingly, the study found that blacks are underrepresented on death row in proportion to the proportion of murders they commit. But this is largely because most black murderers kill other black people, and prosecutors are far less likely to seek the death penalty when the victim is black.
https://scholarship.law.c(...)=1240&context=facpub

A study of North Carolina murder cases from 1980 through 2007 found that murderers who kill white people are three times more likely to get the death penalty than murderers who kill black people.
https://scholarship.law.u(...)le=4522&context=nclr

A 2000 study commissioned by then-Florida Gov. Jeb Bush (R) found that the state had, as of that time, never executed a white person for killing a black person
http://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/law/law_review/Issues/Slobogin.pdf

According to a 2002 study commissioned by then-Gov. Frank O’Bannon (D), Indiana had executed only one person for killing a nonwhite victim, and though 47 percent of homicides in the state involved nonwhite victims, just 16 percent of the state’s death sentences did.
https://www.in.gov/ipdc/f(...)0death%20penalty.pdf

A 2014 study looking at 33 years of data found that after adjusting for variables such as the number of victims and brutality of the crimes, jurors in Washington state were 4.5 times more likely to impose the death penalty on black defendants accused of aggravated murder than on white ones.

A 2014 study looking at 33 years of data found that after adjusting for variables such as the number of victims and brutality of the crimes, jurors in Washington state were 4.5 times more likely to impose the death penalty on black defendants accused of aggravated murder than on white ones.
https://files.deathpenalt(...)ashRaceStudy2014.pdf

Black people are also more likely to be wrongly convicted of murder when the victim was white. Only about 15 percent of people killed by black people were white, but 31 percent of black exonorees were wrongly convicted of killing white people. More generally, black people convicted of murder are 50 percent more likely to be innocent than white people convicted of murder.
http://www.law.umich.edu/(...)gful_Convictions.pdf

Innocent black people are also 3.5 times more likely than white people to be wrongly convicted of sexual assault and 12 times more likely to be wrongly convicted of drug crimes. (And remember, data on wrongful convictions is limited in that it can only consider the wrongful convictions we know about.)
https://www.vox.com/polic(...)ocence-prison-racism

A 2000 study of federal cases found that federal prosecutors were about 50 percent more likely to offer a plea bargain to white murder suspects than black suspects that allowed them to avoid the death penalty.
https://www.washingtonpos(...)=lk_inline_manual_96

A 2006 Stanford report found that when a black person was accused of killing a white person, defendants with darker skin and more “stereotypically black” features were twice as likely to receive a death sentence. When the victim was black, there was almost no difference.
https://news.stanford.edu/news/2006/may3/deathworthy-050306.html

A 2016 study found that in Louisiana, killers of white victims were 14 times more likely to be executed than killers of black victims. Black men who killed white women were 30 times more likely to get the death penalty than black men who killed black men. Those convicted of killing white people were also less likely to have their sentences overturned on appeal, and Louisiana hasn’t executed a white person for killing a black person since 1752.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2770761

Studies in other states have produced similar results: In Oklahoma, killers of white women were 9.5 times more likely to get the death penalty than killers of minority men. In Ohio, they were 6 times more likely, and in Florida, 6.5 times more likely.
https://scholarlycommons.(...)le=7615&context=jclc

A 2017 study of about 48,000 criminal cases in Wisconsin showed that white defendants were 25 percent more likely than black defendants to have their most serious charge dismissed in a plea bargain. Among defendants facing misdemeanor charges that could carry a sentence of incarceration, whites were 75 percent more likely to have those charges dropped, dismissed or reduced to a charge that did not include such a punishment.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3036726

A 2016 review of nearly 474,000 criminal cases in Hampton Roads, Va., found that whites were more likely to get plea deals that resulted in no jail time for drug offenses. While facing charges of drug distribution, 48 percent of whites received plea bargains with no jail time, vs. 22 percent of blacks. Among those with prior criminal records who pleaded guilty to robbery, 36 percent of whites got no jail time, vs. 8 percent of blacks.
https://www.yalelawjourna(...)he-effects-of-booker

A 2013 study found that after adjusting for numerous other variables, federal prosecutors were almost twice as likely to bring charges carrying mandatory minimums against black defendants as against white defendants accused of similar crimes.
A 2008 analysis found that black defendants with multiple prior convictions are 28 percent more likely to be charged as “habitual offenders” than white defendants with similar criminal records. The authors conclude that “assessments of dangerousness and culpability are linked to race and ethnicity, even after offense seriousness and prior record are controlled.”
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.(...)79&rep=rep1&type=pdf

A 2007 Harvard study found sentencing discrepancies among black people, depending on the darkness of their skin. The study looked at 67,000 first-time felons in Georgia from 1995 to 2002. The average sentence for white men was 2,689 days. The average for black men was 378 days longer. But light-skinned blacks received sentences of about three and a half months longer than whites. Medium-skinned blacks received a sentence of about a year longer. Dark-skinned blacks received sentences of a year and a half longer.
https://scholar.harvard.e(...)merican-racial-order

A 2011 study of bail in five large U.S. counties found that blacks received $7,000 higher bail than whites for violent crimes, $13,000 higher for drug crimes and $10,000 higher for crimes related to public order. These disparities were calculated after adjusting for the seriousness of the crime, criminal history and other variables.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1990324

A 2011 investigation of presidential pardons by ProPublica found that white federal prisoners are almost four times as likely to receive a pardon than minority federal prisoners.
https://www.propublica.or(...)ons-what-can-be-done

About 16 percent of sexual assaults of white women are committed by black men, but half of the exonerations for sexual assault involve cases in which an eyewitness wrongly identified a black man for the rape of a white woman.
https://time.com/wrongly-convicted/

A study of the pardons granted in Mississippi during former governor Haley Barbour’s tenure found that although blacks make up almost two-thirds of the state’s prison population, they make up fewer than a third of the people to whom Barbour granted clemency. (It is worth noting that this isn’t about the severity of the crime — Barbour pardoned at least eight men who killed their wives or girlfriends.)
https://www.reuters.com/a(...)0120120?feedType=RSS
https://www.cbsnews.com/n(...)r-wives-girlfriends/

A 2015 county-level study of police shootings from 2011 to 2014 found “a significant bias in the killing of unarmed black Americans relative to unarmed white Americans, in that the probability of being black, unarmed, and shot by police is about 3.49 times the probability of being white, unarmed, and shot by police on average.” The study also found “no relationship between county-level racial bias in police shootings and crime rates (even race-specific crime rates), meaning that the racial bias observed in police shootings in this data set is not explainable as a response to local-level crime rates.”
https://journals.plos.org(...)journal.pone.0141854

A 2018 survey of bail practices in Miami and Philadelphia found that “bail judges are racially biased against black defendants, with substantially more racial bias among both inexperienced and part-time judges. We find suggestive evidence that this racial bias is driven by bail judges relying on inaccurate stereotypes that exaggerate the relative danger of releasing black defendants.”
https://university.pretri(...)8e9eef&forceDialog=0

Met droge ogen beweren dat institutioneel racisme niet bestaat is onmogelijk. Ik denk dat je dat aardig als "wegkijken" kan kwalificeren. En let op hč, dit is slechts een selectie.
Huilen dan.
pi_193470605
quote:
2s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 14:33 schreef Isdatzo het volgende:

[..]

Zal ik je helpen?
Liever niet :).

https://www.wsj.com/artic(...)e-racism-11591119883
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 14:49:29 #185
193178 Ensiferum
Met zonder usericon
pi_193470709
quote:
2s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 14:33 schreef Isdatzo het volgende:

[..]

Zal ik je helpen?

A 2017 study of 4.5 million traffic stops by the 100 largest police departments in North Carolina found that blacks and Latinos were more likely to be searched than whites (5.4 percent, 4.1 percent and 3.1 percent, respectively), even though searches of white motorists were more likely than the others to turn up contraband (whites: 32 percent, blacks: 29 percent, Latinos: 19 percent).
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.05376.pdf

According to the Justice Department, between 2012 and 2014, black people in Ferguson, Mo., accounted for 85 percent of vehicle stops, 90 percent of citations and 93 percent of arrests, despite comprising 67 percent of the population. Blacks were more than twice as likely as whites to be searched after traffic stops, even though they proved to be 26 percent less likely to be in possession of illegal drugs or weapons. Between 2011 and 2013, blacks also received 95 percent of jaywalking tickets and 94 percent of tickets for “failure to comply.” The Justice Department also found that the racial discrepancy for speeding tickets increased dramatically when researchers looked at tickets based on only an officer’s word vs. tickets based on objective evidence, such as vs. radar. Black people facing similar low-level charges as white people were 68 percent less likely to see those charges dismissed in court. More than 90 percent of the arrest warrants stemming from failure to pay/failure to appear were issued for black people.
https://www.justice.gov/s(...)epartment_report.pdf

A study of “investigatory” traffic stops — that is, stops that did not result in a citation — by police in Kansas City found that blacks were 2.7 times more likely to be pulled over in an investigatory stop, and five times more likely to be searched.
https://www.kcur.org/show(...)ce-practice#stream/0

A study of stop and frisk incidents in Boston between 2007 and 2010 that did not result in a citation or arrest found that 63 percent of such stops were of black people. Blacks made up 24 percent of the city’s population. Incredibly, 97.5 percent of these encounters resulted in no arrest or seizure of contraband.
https://www.aclum.org/sit(...)own-and-targeted.pdf

A 2015 statistical analysis of police shootings from 2011 to 2014 found that the racial disparity in police shootings of black people could not be explained by higher crime rates in majority-black communities.
http://journals.plos.org/(...)journal.pone.0141854

a study published in June reviewed every reported homicide between 1976 and 2009 and found that “homicides with white victims are significantly more likely to be ‘cleared’ by the arrest of a suspect than are homicides with minority victims.”
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3202470

Another ACLU study, this time on the use of stop-and-frisk in Milwaukee between 2010 and 2017, found that in nearly half of the more than 700,000 such stops, the police failed to demonstrate reasonable suspicion as required by the Constitution. The study found that between pedestrian stops and traffic stops, black people were six times more likely to be stopped and searched than white people, and that less than 1 percent of those searches turned up any contraband. Here again, while black and Latino drivers were more likely to be searched, they were 20 percent less likely to be in possession of any contraband.
https://www.aclu.org/blog(...)kee-police-stops-are

A 2017 study of interactions between officers and citizens taken from footage captured by police officer body cameras found that “officers speak with consistently less respect toward black versus white community members, even after controlling for the race of the officer, the severity of the infraction, the location of the stop, and the outcome of the stop.”
http://www.pnas.org/conte(...)/1702413114.full.pdf

An NAACP survey of citizen complaints against police officers in North Charleston, S.C., between 2006 and 2016 found that complaints by white citizens were about two-thirds more likely to be sustained than complaints filed by black citizens. When the complainant alleged excessive force, white complaints were sustained seven times more often than black complaints.
http://www.naacpldf.org/f(...)AL%20July%202017.pdf

According to a Justice Department study released in 2013, throughout the United States, black drivers are about 30 percent more likely to be pulled over than white drivers. Black drivers are also more likely to be pulled over for alleged mechanical or equipment problems with their automobiles, or for record checks. White people are actually more likely to get pulled over for noticeable traffic violations such as speeding. Black drivers are more likely to not be told why they were pulled over.
https://www.washingtonpos(...)=lk_inline_manual_41

In 2016, the ACLU of Florida released a report that found that black drivers in that state were twice as likely to be pulled over for seat-belt violations as white drivers.
https://www.aclu.org/repo(...)belt-law-enforcement

data from New York City showed that black people are arrested for marijuana at eight times the rate of white people. In Manhattan, it’s 15 times as much. Black neighborhoods produce far more arrests than white neighborhoods, despite data showing a similar rate at which residents complain about marijuana use.
https://www.nytimes.com/2(...)rticle®ion=Footer

A 2014 ACLU survey of SWAT teams across the country found that “dynamic entry” and paramilitary police tactics are disproportionately used against black and Latino people. Most of these raids were on people suspected of low-level drug crimes.
https://www.aclu.org/site(...)-report-web-rel1.pdf

In contrast to the assertion that blacks are more likely to be arrested because they’re more likely to use drugs in public, a 2002 study of narcotics search warrants in the San Diego area — that is, warrants to search for drugs in private homes — found that black and Hispanic residents were “significantly over-represented as targets of narcotics search warrants,” even after adjusting for usage rates. The study also found that “searches of White suspects were more successful in recovering the targeted drug than were searches of either Black or Hispanic suspects.”
http://faculty.cwsl.edu/b(...)csSearchWarrants.pdf

According to figures from the National Registry of Exonerations (NER) black people are about five times more likely to go to prison for drug possession than white people. According to exoneration data, black people are also 12 times more likely to be wrongly convicted of drug crimes.
http://www.law.umich.edu/(...)gful_Convictions.pdf

When Harris County, Tex., saw a flaw in how drug testing was conducted at its crime lab, officials went back and exonerated dozens of people who had been wrongly convicted for possession — most pleaded guilty, despite their innocence. This is because prosecutors often promise harsher sentences or more charges for defendants who take a case to trial. Black people comprise 20 percent of the Harris County population but made up 62 percent of the wrongful drug convictions.
https://www.texastribune.org/2017/03/07/report/

Black people comprise about 12.5 percent of drug users but 29 percent of arrests for drug crimes and 33 percent of those incarcerated.
https://www.naacp.org/criminal-justice-fact-sheet/

Blacks were also three times as likely to get hit with — and made up two-thirds of — the sentencing enhancements for committing drug crimes near a school zone, church, park or public housing. In all, when blacks and whites committed similar drug crimes, blacks on average received a sentence that was two-thirds longer. In some parts of the state, it was two or three times longer.
http://projects.heraldtribune.com/bias/bauer/

An analysis of drug war data by the Vera Institute of Justice published this year found that “the risk of incarceration in the federal system for someone who uses drugs monthly and is black is more than seven times that of his or her white counterpart.”
https://storage.googleapi(...)cial-disparities.pdf

A study of criminal cases from 1983 and 1993 found that prosecutors in Philadelphia removed 52 percent of potential black jurors vs. only 23 percent of nonblack jurors.
https://www.aclu.org/other/race-and-death-penalty

Between 2003 and 2012, prosecutors in Caddo Parish, La. — one of the most aggressive death penalty counties in the country — struck 46 percent of prospective black jurors with preemptory challenges, vs. 15 percent of nonblacks.
https://blackstrikes.com/(...)rish_August_2015.pdf

Between 1994 and 2002, Jefferson Parish prosecutors struck 55 percent of blacks, but just 16 percent of whites. Although blacks make up 23 percent of the population, 80 percent of criminal trials had no more than two black jurors in a state where it takes only 10 of 12 juror votes to convict.
https://www.newyorker.com(...)-strike-black-jurors & https://eji.org/sites/def(...)n-jury-selection.pdf

A 2011 study from Michigan State University College of Law found that between 1990 and 2010, state prosecutors struck about 53 percent of black people eligible for juries in criminal cases, vs. about 26 percent of white people. The study’s authors concluded that the chance of this occurring in a race-neutral process was less than 1 in 10 trillion. Even after adjusting for excuses given by prosecutors that tend to correlate with race, the 2-to-1 discrepancy remained. The state legislature had previously passed a law stating that death penalty defendants who could demonstrate racial bias in jury selection could have their sentences changed to life without parole. The legislature later repealed that law.
1.https://digitalcommons.la(...)1330&context=facpubs
2. https://deathpenaltyinfo.(...)e-act-ruling-summary
3. https://www.ncleg.net/Sessions/2009/Bills/Senate/PDF/S461v6.pdf
4. https://edition.cnn.com/2(...)h-penalty/index.html

In a 2010 study, “mock jurors” were given the same evidence from a fictional robbery case but then shown alternate security camera footage depicting either a light-skinned or dark-skinned suspect. Jurors were more likely to evaluate ambiguous, race-neutral evidence against the dark-skinned suspect as incriminating and more likely to find the dark-skinned suspect guilty.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1601615

While white people make up less than half of the country’s murder victims, a 2003 study by Amnesty International found that about 80 percent of the people on death row in the United States killed a white person.
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/AMR51/046/2003/en/

A 2012 study of Harris County, Tex., cases found that people who killed white victims were 2.5 times more likely to be sentenced to the death penalty than other killers.

In Delaware, according to a 2012 study, “black defendants who kill white victims are seven times as likely to receive the death penalty as are black defendants who kill black victims. … Moreover, black defendants who kill white victims are more than three times as likely to be sentenced to death as are white defendants who kill white victims.”
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2019913

A study of death penalty rates of black perpetrators/white victims vs. white perpetrators/black victims through 1999 showed similar discrepancies. Interestingly, the study found that blacks are underrepresented on death row in proportion to the proportion of murders they commit. But this is largely because most black murderers kill other black people, and prosecutors are far less likely to seek the death penalty when the victim is black.
https://scholarship.law.c(...)=1240&context=facpub

A study of North Carolina murder cases from 1980 through 2007 found that murderers who kill white people are three times more likely to get the death penalty than murderers who kill black people.
https://scholarship.law.u(...)le=4522&context=nclr

A 2000 study commissioned by then-Florida Gov. Jeb Bush (R) found that the state had, as of that time, never executed a white person for killing a black person
http://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/law/law_review/Issues/Slobogin.pdf

According to a 2002 study commissioned by then-Gov. Frank O’Bannon (D), Indiana had executed only one person for killing a nonwhite victim, and though 47 percent of homicides in the state involved nonwhite victims, just 16 percent of the state’s death sentences did.
https://www.in.gov/ipdc/f(...)0death%20penalty.pdf

A 2014 study looking at 33 years of data found that after adjusting for variables such as the number of victims and brutality of the crimes, jurors in Washington state were 4.5 times more likely to impose the death penalty on black defendants accused of aggravated murder than on white ones.

A 2014 study looking at 33 years of data found that after adjusting for variables such as the number of victims and brutality of the crimes, jurors in Washington state were 4.5 times more likely to impose the death penalty on black defendants accused of aggravated murder than on white ones.
https://files.deathpenalt(...)ashRaceStudy2014.pdf

Black people are also more likely to be wrongly convicted of murder when the victim was white. Only about 15 percent of people killed by black people were white, but 31 percent of black exonorees were wrongly convicted of killing white people. More generally, black people convicted of murder are 50 percent more likely to be innocent than white people convicted of murder.
http://www.law.umich.edu/(...)gful_Convictions.pdf

Innocent black people are also 3.5 times more likely than white people to be wrongly convicted of sexual assault and 12 times more likely to be wrongly convicted of drug crimes. (And remember, data on wrongful convictions is limited in that it can only consider the wrongful convictions we know about.)
https://www.vox.com/polic(...)ocence-prison-racism

A 2000 study of federal cases found that federal prosecutors were about 50 percent more likely to offer a plea bargain to white murder suspects than black suspects that allowed them to avoid the death penalty.
https://www.washingtonpos(...)=lk_inline_manual_96

A 2006 Stanford report found that when a black person was accused of killing a white person, defendants with darker skin and more “stereotypically black” features were twice as likely to receive a death sentence. When the victim was black, there was almost no difference.
https://news.stanford.edu/news/2006/may3/deathworthy-050306.html

A 2016 study found that in Louisiana, killers of white victims were 14 times more likely to be executed than killers of black victims. Black men who killed white women were 30 times more likely to get the death penalty than black men who killed black men. Those convicted of killing white people were also less likely to have their sentences overturned on appeal, and Louisiana hasn’t executed a white person for killing a black person since 1752.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2770761

Studies in other states have produced similar results: In Oklahoma, killers of white women were 9.5 times more likely to get the death penalty than killers of minority men. In Ohio, they were 6 times more likely, and in Florida, 6.5 times more likely.
https://scholarlycommons.(...)le=7615&context=jclc

A 2017 study of about 48,000 criminal cases in Wisconsin showed that white defendants were 25 percent more likely than black defendants to have their most serious charge dismissed in a plea bargain. Among defendants facing misdemeanor charges that could carry a sentence of incarceration, whites were 75 percent more likely to have those charges dropped, dismissed or reduced to a charge that did not include such a punishment.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3036726

A 2016 review of nearly 474,000 criminal cases in Hampton Roads, Va., found that whites were more likely to get plea deals that resulted in no jail time for drug offenses. While facing charges of drug distribution, 48 percent of whites received plea bargains with no jail time, vs. 22 percent of blacks. Among those with prior criminal records who pleaded guilty to robbery, 36 percent of whites got no jail time, vs. 8 percent of blacks.
https://www.yalelawjourna(...)he-effects-of-booker

A 2013 study found that after adjusting for numerous other variables, federal prosecutors were almost twice as likely to bring charges carrying mandatory minimums against black defendants as against white defendants accused of similar crimes.
A 2008 analysis found that black defendants with multiple prior convictions are 28 percent more likely to be charged as “habitual offenders” than white defendants with similar criminal records. The authors conclude that “assessments of dangerousness and culpability are linked to race and ethnicity, even after offense seriousness and prior record are controlled.”
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.(...)79&rep=rep1&type=pdf

A 2007 Harvard study found sentencing discrepancies among black people, depending on the darkness of their skin. The study looked at 67,000 first-time felons in Georgia from 1995 to 2002. The average sentence for white men was 2,689 days. The average for black men was 378 days longer. But light-skinned blacks received sentences of about three and a half months longer than whites. Medium-skinned blacks received a sentence of about a year longer. Dark-skinned blacks received sentences of a year and a half longer.
https://scholar.harvard.e(...)merican-racial-order

A 2011 study of bail in five large U.S. counties found that blacks received $7,000 higher bail than whites for violent crimes, $13,000 higher for drug crimes and $10,000 higher for crimes related to public order. These disparities were calculated after adjusting for the seriousness of the crime, criminal history and other variables.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1990324

A 2011 investigation of presidential pardons by ProPublica found that white federal prisoners are almost four times as likely to receive a pardon than minority federal prisoners.
https://www.propublica.or(...)ons-what-can-be-done

About 16 percent of sexual assaults of white women are committed by black men, but half of the exonerations for sexual assault involve cases in which an eyewitness wrongly identified a black man for the rape of a white woman.
https://time.com/wrongly-convicted/

A study of the pardons granted in Mississippi during former governor Haley Barbour’s tenure found that although blacks make up almost two-thirds of the state’s prison population, they make up fewer than a third of the people to whom Barbour granted clemency. (It is worth noting that this isn’t about the severity of the crime — Barbour pardoned at least eight men who killed their wives or girlfriends.)
https://www.reuters.com/a(...)0120120?feedType=RSS
https://www.cbsnews.com/n(...)r-wives-girlfriends/

A 2015 county-level study of police shootings from 2011 to 2014 found “a significant bias in the killing of unarmed black Americans relative to unarmed white Americans, in that the probability of being black, unarmed, and shot by police is about 3.49 times the probability of being white, unarmed, and shot by police on average.” The study also found “no relationship between county-level racial bias in police shootings and crime rates (even race-specific crime rates), meaning that the racial bias observed in police shootings in this data set is not explainable as a response to local-level crime rates.”
https://journals.plos.org(...)journal.pone.0141854

A 2018 survey of bail practices in Miami and Philadelphia found that “bail judges are racially biased against black defendants, with substantially more racial bias among both inexperienced and part-time judges. We find suggestive evidence that this racial bias is driven by bail judges relying on inaccurate stereotypes that exaggerate the relative danger of releasing black defendants.”
https://university.pretri(...)8e9eef&forceDialog=0

Met droge ogen beweren dat institutioneel racisme niet bestaat is onmogelijk. Ik denk dat je dat aardig als "wegkijken" kan kwalificeren. En let op hč, dit is slechts een selectie.
Mooi. Nu mag je verklaren waarom de verschillen door ras worden veroorzaakt, en dan ook nog dat er racisme ten grondslag aan ligt. Jij laat weer zien dat je niet snapt dat het bestaan van een verschil niet betekent dat de oorzaak racisme is. Jij geeft racisme de schuld omdat jij wil dat het racisme is. Maar zo werkt het in de echte wereld niet. Jij laat geen bewijzen van racisme zien, alleen dat er gevallen van verschillen tussen rassen bestaan. En natuurlijk enkel eenzijdig, maar dat vergeef ik je.
pi_193470727
quote:
Ah, de opinie van een Heather Lynn Mac Donald, gekend voor haar "pro-police views and her opposition to criminal justice reform".
Ich glaube, dass es manchmal nicht genügend Steine gibt und
Ich bin mir sicher, dass auch schöne Augen weinen
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 14:51:11 #187
140043 Isdatzo
Born in the echoes.
pi_193470730
quote:
Paywall.

Wel typisch hoor. Ik kom met een reactie vol wetenschappelijke onderzoeken waar je blijkbaar geen oren naar hebt (omdat de bevindingen niet in je straatje passen), en wat zet jij ertegenover? Een opiniestuk van Heather Mac Donald* :') .

Serieus?

*
SPOILER
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[ Bericht 4% gewijzigd door Isdatzo op 04-06-2020 15:17:56 ]
Huilen dan.
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 14:54:21 #188
140043 Isdatzo
Born in the echoes.
pi_193470783
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 14:49 schreef Ensiferum het volgende:

[..]

Mooi. Nu mag je verklaren waarom de verschillen door ras worden veroorzaakt,
Jarenlange geschiedenis van eerst onderdrukking en daarna achterstelling.

quote:
en dan ook nog dat er racisme ten grondslag aan ligt. Jij laat weer zien dat je niet snapt dat het bestaan van een verschil niet betekent dat de oorzaak racisme is. Jij geeft racisme de schuld omdat jij wil dat het racisme is. Maar zo werkt het in de echte wereld niet. Jij laat geen bewijzen van racisme zien, alleen dat er gevallen van verschillen tussen rassen bestaan. En natuurlijk enkel eenzijdig, maar dat vergeef ik je.
Dan laat ik je eigen vraag aan jou: hoe komt het volgens jou dan dat er verschillen tussen rassen bestaan?
Huilen dan.
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 14:57:57 #189
193178 Ensiferum
Met zonder usericon
pi_193470824
quote:
7s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 14:54 schreef Isdatzo het volgende:

Jarenlange geschiedenis van eerst onderdrukking en daarna achterstelling.
Toe maar.
quote:
Dan laat ik je eigen vraag aan jou: hoe komt het volgens jou dan dat er verschillen tussen rassen bestaan?
Geen idee, maar het is dan ook niet mijn bewering dat het komt door racisme. Jij komt met een hoop conclusies, en dan mag ik naar de verklaringen zoeken? Da's wel de wetenschappelijke methode die ik van een links geörienteerd persoon verwacht. Beginnen bij de conclusie, en dan terug redeneren. Een waterdichte methode.
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 15:00:23 #190
313152 Harvest89
Black Metal fan
pi_193470865
Ik werd gequote en zie er niets van terug in dit topic.

Deceit for a lifetime has taken it's toll.
An emotional void, I feel numb and cold.
You're all dead to me now. And has been for long.
The time has come to reap what you've sown.
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 15:01:52 #191
489794 Poem_
Brightness of Loss
pi_193470886
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 14:49 schreef Ensiferum het volgende:

[..]

Mooi. Nu mag je verklaren waarom de verschillen door ras worden veroorzaakt, en dan ook nog dat er racisme ten grondslag aan ligt. Jij laat weer zien dat je niet snapt dat het bestaan van een verschil niet betekent dat de oorzaak racisme is. Jij geeft racisme de schuld omdat jij wil dat het racisme is. Maar zo werkt het in de echte wereld niet. Jij laat geen bewijzen van racisme zien, alleen dat er gevallen van verschillen tussen rassen bestaan. En natuurlijk enkel eenzijdig, maar dat vergeef ik je.
De verschillen worden door ras veroorzaakt?

"Racisme bestaat niet, negers zijn gewoon afkomstig van een ras waardoor ze criminele genen hebben."

:D
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 15:03:11 #192
193178 Ensiferum
Met zonder usericon
pi_193470906
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 15:01 schreef Poem_ het volgende:

[..]

De verschillen worden door ras veroorzaakt?

"Racisme bestaat niet, negers zijn gewoon afkomstig van een ras waardoor ze criminele genen hebben."

:D
Mooie stropop.
pi_193470961
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 14:49 schreef Ensiferum het volgende:

[..]

Mooi. Nu mag je verklaren waarom de verschillen door ras worden veroorzaakt, en dan ook nog dat er racisme ten grondslag aan ligt. Jij laat weer zien dat je niet snapt dat het bestaan van een verschil niet betekent dat de oorzaak racisme is. Jij geeft racisme de schuld omdat jij wil dat het racisme is. Maar zo werkt het in de echte wereld niet. Jij laat geen bewijzen van racisme zien, alleen dat er gevallen van verschillen tussen rassen bestaan. En natuurlijk enkel eenzijdig, maar dat vergeef ik je.
LOL. Klaagde jij niet dat twitter politiek bedreef omdat ze niet het gehele politieke spectrum gelijk zouden behandelen? Als we jouw redenering van hierboven toepassen: nee, als twitter politieke meningen niet gelijk behandelt toont dat enkel aan dat er verschillen zijn tussen politieke meningen, het zegt niets over twitter...
Ich glaube, dass es manchmal nicht genügend Steine gibt und
Ich bin mir sicher, dass auch schöne Augen weinen
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 15:10:23 #194
193178 Ensiferum
Met zonder usericon
pi_193471011
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 15:07 schreef crystal_meth het volgende:

[..]

LOL. Klaagde jij niet dat twitter politiek bedreef omdat ze niet het gehele politieke spectrum gelijk zouden behandelen? Als we jouw redenering van hierboven toepassen: nee, als twitter politieke meningen niet gelijk behandelt toont dat enkel aan dat er verschillen zijn tussen politieke meningen, het zegt niets over twitter...
En de oorzaak van de ongelijke behandeling is Twitters openlijke bias.

Welnu, wat is de oorzaak van de verschillen in Isdatzo's cijfers?
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 15:11:14 #195
140043 Isdatzo
Born in the echoes.
pi_193471033
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 14:57 schreef Ensiferum het volgende:

[..]

Toe maar.
[..]

Geen idee, maar het is dan ook niet mijn bewering dat het komt door racisme. Jij komt met een hoop conclusies, en dan mag ik naar de verklaringen zoeken? Da's wel de wetenschappelijke methode die ik van een links geörienteerd persoon verwacht. Beginnen bij de conclusie, en dan terug redeneren. Een waterdichte methode.
Jij hebt mijn reactie dus duidelijk niet gelezen, maar alleen aangegrepen als stok om weer eens je eigen vlag aan op te hangen.

Serieus: lees mijn reactie en probeer met een andere verklaring dan "institutioneel racisme" te komen. Alleen al het verschil in de zwaarte van opgelegde gevangenisstraffen en frequentie van doodstraffen voor vergelijkbare vergrijpen is exemplarisch.
Huilen dan.
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 15:11:54 #196
140043 Isdatzo
Born in the echoes.
pi_193471045
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 15:10 schreef Ensiferum het volgende:

[..]

En de oorzaak van de ongelijke behandeling is Twitters openlijke bias.

Welnu, wat is de oorzaak van de verschillen in Isdatzo's cijfers?
Dat is nu een vraag aan jou. Mijn antwoord weet je al.
Huilen dan.
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 15:12:57 #197
489794 Poem_
Brightness of Loss
pi_193471054
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 15:03 schreef Ensiferum het volgende:

[..]

Mooie stropop.
De verschillen worden door ras verklaard?

Maar als racisme uitgesloten is van de oorzaak in bijvoorbeeld de significante verhoging op kans op de doodstraf bij moord, wat is het dan wel? Wat is dan de oorzaak?
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 15:23:30 #198
193178 Ensiferum
Met zonder usericon
pi_193471205
quote:
7s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 15:11 schreef Isdatzo het volgende:

[..]

Jij hebt mijn reactie dus duidelijk niet gelezen, maar alleen aangegrepen als stok om je eigen vlag weer aan op te hangen.

Serieus: lees mijn reactie en probeer met een andere verklaring dan "institutioneel racisme" te komen. Alleen al het verschil in de zwaarte van opgelegde gevangenisstraffen en frequentie van doodstraffen voor vergelijkbare vergrijpen is exemplarisch.
quote:
7s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 15:11 schreef Isdatzo het volgende:

[..]

Dat is nu een vraag aan jou. Mijn antwoord weet je al.
Ander gedrag als ze staande worden gehouden, en zichzelf verdacht maken. Slechtere rechtsbijstand. Je moet toch echt de individuele zaken in gaan om daar een beter oordeel over te kunnen geven. Maar daar is de wortel van het probleem weer. De individuele zaken interesseren jou niet. Altijd maar weer het collectief, zodat je er dingen bij kan gooien die er niks mee te maken hebben. Het is een beetje als het versnijden van cocaine. Ach, het is niet meer puur en het product wat het hoort te zijn, maar who gives a damn, toch?

quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 15:12 schreef Poem_ het volgende:

De verschillen worden door ras verklaard?
Is dat zo? Dat blijkt niet uit de post.
quote:
Maar als racisme uitgesloten is van de oorzaak in bijvoorbeeld de significante verhoging op kans op de doodstraf bij moord, wat is het dan wel? Wat is dan de oorzaak?
Dat zal hoogstwaarschijnlijk verschillend zijn per zaak. Slechte rechtsbijstand, ander gedrag
pi_193471375
Waarom hebben zwarten slechtere rechtsbijstand? Denk je dat dat deze discrenpanties veroorzaakt?
"Ik heb nog met hem gekoerst"
  donderdag 4 juni 2020 @ 15:39:29 #200
22794 Enchanter
Right you are Ken!!!
pi_193471497
quote:
0s.gif Op donderdag 4 juni 2020 15:00 schreef Harvest89 het volgende:
Ik werd gequote en zie er niets van terug in dit topic.

[ afbeelding ]
Ik zelfs 2 x , maar zie ook niets

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