Vulkaan Kilauea op Hawaii

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Op donderdag 30 september 2021 14:43 schreef FlippingCoin het volgende:
Alle vulkanen gaan uitbarsten en het einde van de wereld is hier?

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Kilauea volcano erupts in Hawaii - alert level raised

Jan 5 (Reuters) - The Kilauea  volcano in Hawaii began erupting on Thursday, the U.S. Geological Service's volcanic activity notice said, after detecting a glow in the summit producing smog that is confined within the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.

The  volcano alert level was raised to 'Red' after an evaluation of the eruption and associated hazards, the notice said.

USGS said the volcanic gas, which consists of sulphur dioxide and other gases, could produce a visible haze of volcanic smog, known as 'vog', which has been observed in the downwind of Kilauea.

Vog has the potential to generate airborne health hazards for residents and visitors, causing breathing difficulties and also damaging agricultural crops.

Known to be the younger and more active neighbor of Mauna Loa, which erupted in November for the first time since 1984, the Kilauea volcano has been erupting since 2021.

However, Mauna Loa's eruption has had no impact and remains quiet, USGS said.

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Kilauea is in state of heightened unrest

May 23—The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory this evening issued a special status report saying Kilauea volcano is showing signs of heightened unrest.

The volcano is not erupting, the report said, but elevated earthquake rates beneath Kilauea summit and Namakanipaio suggest that magma is accumulating beneath the surface and an eruption is possible with little or no warning.

HVO officials said small flurries of earthquakes are occurring irregularly but have increased over the past week. More than 100 earthquakes were recorded on Saturday, including a magnitude-3.7 event that was felt in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and surrounding communities.

Most of these earthquakes have been smaller than magnitude-2 and not reported felt.

HVO officials said rates of ground movement are also elevated at the summit, and overall inflation is higher than conditions preceding the Jan. 5 summit eruption.

"An eruption at Kilauea's summit does not appear to be imminent, although heightened unrest suggests that an eruption at Kilaueaʻs summit might be possible with little or no warning," the report said.

No active lava has been observed at Kilauea since March 7.

Hawaiian Volcano Update: Kīlauea Quakes Spike, Still Elevated, May 25, 2023

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Seismic activity and ground deformation surge at Kīlauea’s summit, Hawaii

Increased earthquake activity and signs of magma movement beneath Kīlauea’s summit, detected on January 31, 2024, have prompted the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory to elevate the volcano’s alert level from ADVISORY/YELLOW to WATCH/ORANGE. With over 500 earthquakes recorded since midnight and ground deformation indicating pressurized magma chambers, the risk of an eruption remains high.

In the early morning hours (HST, GMT+10) of January 31, 2024, Kīlauea Volcano exhibited increased seismic activity and inflationary ground deformation, signaling the movement of magma in the subsurface. This prompted the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) to raise the volcano’s Alert Level and Aviation Color Code from ADVISORY/YELLOW to WATCH/ORANGE, indicating a heightened possibility of eruption.

The HVO’s latest update, published at 03:55 UTC on February 1, reports that activity beneath Kīlauea’s summit remains “heightened and dynamic.” The increase in seismicity and deformation, initially observed in the south caldera region, has fluctuated throughout the day but continues to signal a pressurized volcanic system. The seismic events, varying between 25 – 40 earthquakes per hour at depths of 1.5 – 3 km (approximately 1 – 2 miles), have formed clusters that migrated across the summit area, indicating shifting magma beneath the surface.

Since January 31, over 500 earthquakes have been located in this region, with magnitudes ranging up to 3.4, contributing to more than 1 400 earthquakes detected since January 27. Despite the increased seismicity, no events have caused damage, though several were felt by nearby communities and triggered rockfalls within the Halemaʻumaʻu crater.

Ground deformation measurements, particularly from tiltmeters at Sand Hill and Uēkahuna bluff, have shown variable directions and rates of tilt, typical of underground movements that could precede an eruption. Approximately 20 microradians of tilt change have been recorded, with step-wise changes often triggered by the seismic activity shaking the instruments.

Current patterns of deformation and seismicity suggest ongoing magma movement beneath the surface, extending from the region south of Halemaʻumaʻu to the area southwest of Kīlauea’s caldera. While activity remains concentrated in the summit region, with no unusual activity detected in the East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone, the HVO warns that periods of increased earthquake activity and deformation rates are likely to continue.

Wind conditions, currently weak and from the south, could carry volcanic gases into areas of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and surrounding communities if an eruption occurs.

The HVO is closely monitoring the situation, including seismic activity, ground deformation, gas emissions, and webcam imagery, to detect any signs that might precede an eruption, such as accelerated seismic rates or changes in earthquake depths.

Officials at Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are working in tandem with HVO staff to ensure public safety, staying vigilant for any signs of a new lava outbreak or dike propagation that could indicate an imminent eruption.

Kīlauea, located on the eastern flank of the massive Mauna Loa shield volcano on the island of Hawaii, has a rich history recorded in Polynesian legends and documented eruptions since 1820. These eruptions include frequent summit and flank lava flows, interspersed with periods of long-term lava lake activity at the Halemaumau crater within the summit caldera, up until 1924.

The caldera, which measures approximately 3 x 5 km (about 1.86 x 3.11 miles), was formed in several stages around 1 500 years ago and again during the 18th century. Eruptions have also originated from the extensive East and Southwest rift zones, which stretch to the ocean in both directions.

Around 90% of the volcano’s surface is comprised of lava flows that are less than approximately 1 100 years old, with 70% of its surface being younger than 600 years.

A prolonged eruption from the East rift zone, spanning from 1983 to 2018, produced lava flows that covered more than 100 km� (about 38.6 square miles), destroyed hundreds of homes, and contributed to the formation of new coastline. Kīlauea is located within the Hawaiian Islands, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site.

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New eruption at Kilauea volcano, Aviation Color Code raised to Red, Hawaii

A new eruption began at Kilauea volcano in Hawaii at approximately 10:30 UTC (00:30 HST) on June 3, 2024. The eruption took place in a closed area of Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park.

The eruption is taking place about 1.6 km (1 mile) south of Kīlauea caldera and north of the Koa’e fault system and Hilina Pali Road, within Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park.

Accordingly, the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) has raised the Volcano Alert Level for ground-based hazards from Watch to Warning and the Aviation Color Code from Orange to Red.

“Glow is visible in webcam imagery, indicating that lava is currently erupting from fissures,” HVO volcanologists said.

“The most recent eruption in this region was during December 1974, which lasted only about 6 hours. At this time, it is not possible to say how long the eruption will last.”

The eruption follows a significant increase in earthquake and ground deformation rates at the volcano after 03:00 UTC today.

Residents and visitors are urged to stay informed and follow the County of Hawai‘i and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park guidelines.

Kīlauea presents several hazards, with the primary concern being the high level of volcanic gas emissions, including water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). These emissions can create vog (volcanic smog), which poses health risks to residents and visitors, damages crops and plants, and affects livestock.

Additional hazards include instability around Kīlauea caldera, with ground cracking and rockfalls enhanced by earthquakes in the area, which has been closed to the public since 2008.

Rates of seismicity and ground deformation beneath the East Rift Zone and Southwest Rift Zone remain low, with current activity restricted to the summit region.