quote:Aanslag op Franse ambassade Libië
In de Libische hoofdstad Tripoli is vanochtend een aanslag gepleegd op de Franse ambassade. Dat heeft een medewerker van de ambassade laten weten.
"Er is een aanval geweest op de ambassade en we denken dat het een autobom was'', aldus de functionaris. Volgens hem was er behoorlijk wat schade aan het pand. De aanslag werd gepleegd met een autobom. Bij de explosie raakten twee bewakers gewond. Wie er achter de aanslag zit, is nog niet bekend.
In september vorig jaar was de Amerikaanse ambassade nog doelwit van een aanslag. Bij die aanval kwamen de Amerikaanse ambassadeur Christopher Stevens en drie andere Amerikanen om het leven.
Bronquote:Tripoli conference produces Sebha peace deal
Rival groups who have been the cause of continuing instability in Sebha and elsewhere on the south of the country today signed a peace deal under which both agreed to disarm and put aside past animosities.
Representatives from Tebus and the Arab tribe, the Awlad Suleiman, were brought together this morning at the Congress building in a reconciliation conference organised by the government and the General National Congress.
Sebha and the surrounding area have been the scene of intermittent clashes for over a year despite ceasefires and peace agreements.
Fighting between Tebus and Arab residents in the town, mainly from the Abu Seif tribe, broke out in March last year in a dispute supposedly over a vehicle. Some 150 people were killed and 400 wounded in the following few days before a ceasefire was brokered. Later, the conflict turned into one between the Tebus and the Awlad Suleiman.
Today’s conference, entitled ‘Reconciliation in the South of Libya’ and organised with the help of a number of reconciliation committees and elders following long negotiations between the rivals, was opened by the Chief of Staff, Major-General Yousef Mangoush.
It was attended by the President of Congress, Mohamed Magarief, the Prime Minister, Ali Zeidan, and Defence Minister Mohamed Bargathi as well as several members of Congress.
In his opening remarks, Mangoush said that everyone was aware of the problems in Libya during its present transitional stage. The challenges, he stated, were massive and difficult.
Magarief said reconciliation was the right path for the new Libya. There had been “enough Libya wounds, enough Libya bleeding, enough Libya sensitivities, enough Libya barriers”. More than ever, the country needed “reconciliation with ourselves and with our history”. The conference would set the pattern “for reconciliation in all parts of the country”, he stated.
For his part, Ali Zaidan, said his government hoped that this reconciliation process would build the new Libya, but that what was needed was determination. Reconciliation would not happen, he said, unless people returned to the values and morality of their fathers and grandfathers.
At the end of conference, a representative from each of the two groups signed a peace agreement, but not before a heated exchange of words by some of those attending the conference almost wrecked it.
A number of attendees said that they did not approve the deal and that the views of some of the conflicting parties had been ignored. The Misrata representatives quit the conference complaining they were not mentioned in the reconciliation programme.
Following the departure of Magarief and other officials, two journalists covering the conference became embroiled in a dispute with GNC security guards and were beaten. One, Mohamed Al-Ghariani, a cameraman with Al-Aan TV, had to be hospitalized as a result. The other, a freelance photographer, was able to walk away.
In a statement later today, Magarief said it was the result of misunderstanding by both sides and high emotions but he still condemned it. “Any attack on journalists is an attack on freedom of speech”, he said. However, he called on both sides to exercise restraint in future.
twitter:
Mocht het toch gaan om een opzettelijke aanval, dan is dit de eerste terreuraanslag die duidelijk is gericht tegen burgers.quote:Benghazi blast an 'accident', Libya ministers say
A blast outside a hospital in the Libyan city of Benghazi on Monday might have been an accident, ministers say.
The government initially said that a car bomb exploded in a "terrorist act" that killed three people.
But on Tuesday, Interior Minister Ashur Shwayel said "all the signs point to an accidental" blast, in a car transporting explosives.
Security remains precarious in Libya since the uprising against long-time leader Muammar Gaddafi.
The city was terrorized, a 16-year old died, investigations need to be concluded”
Since then, Libya has been hit by a wave of bombings - often blamed on militant Islamists or Gaddafi loyalists - and battles between rival militias who fought the ousted regime.
Justice Minister Salah al-Mirghani said it was "too early to draw any conclusions" about Monday's car explosion.
"Even if it was detonated accidentally [by those inside] as it was heading somewhere else, or whatever the reason - it is not normal to be driving around with explosives like that," he told the BBC from Benghazi.
"The city was terrorized, a 16-year old died, investigations need to be concluded. There are two unidentified bodies, but we also have not concluded whether they were the ones in the car or not."
He said he could not discount reports that the explosives might have been transported by fishermen, who often use such material to catch fish.
A report by an explosive expert from Libya's ministry of defence said a grey Mazda exploded while it was travelling with material used to make anti-tank mines, says BBC Libya correspondent Rana Jawad.
In the immediate aftermath of the blast, government officials and eyewitnesses said a grey Toyota parked near the hospital exploded.
Angry crowds protested at the scene, blaming militants for the bombing and urging the authorities to drive them out of the city.
Many demonstrators chanted "Rise, Benghazi!"
There were wildly conflicting reports on casualty figures, with Deputy Interior Minister Abdallah Massoud saying that up to 15 may have been killed and at least 30 wounded.
On Tuesday, the health ministry, said it reached a "definitive toll" of three dead and 14 wounded in the explosion.
At least three police stations were bombed in Benghazi last week - causing damage but not casualties.
Earlier this month, the UK said it had withdrawn some of its embassy staff in Libya because of "ongoing political uncertainty".
NU.nlquote:Zeker 28 doden bij rellen Libië
Zeker 28 mensen zijn zaterdag om het leven gekomen bij hevige rellen tussen demonstranten en gewapende milities in de Libische stad Benghazi.
55 anderen raakten gewond, zei een arts uit de oostelijke havenstad tegen staatspersbureau LANA.
De demonstranten hadden zich verzameld voor het hoofdkwartier van een plaatselijke militie. Ze eisten de opheffing van de gewapende groep. De situatie liep vervolgens uit de hand. Hoe dat precies kon gebeuren, is nog niet bekend.
Milities brachten in 2011 het regime van Muammar Kaddafi ten val. Daarna kwamen zijn wapens in handen van de strijders. De nieuwe leiding in Libië heeft de milities nog niet onder controle gekregen.
NOSquote:Libische legerleider stapt op
Toegevoegd: zondag 9 jun 2013, 20:34
Update: zondag 9 jun 2013, 20:55
De chef-staf van het Libische leger stapt op naar aanleiding van het geweld tussen betogers en aanhangers van milities in de oostelijke stad Benghazi. Daarbij vielen gisteren zeker dertig doden.
Legerleider Youssef al-Mangoush bood vandaag zijn ontslag aan. Het parlement, het Nationaal Congres, stemde daarmee in.
Geen grip
Sinds de val van de Libische leider Kadhafi twee jaar geleden is de Libische overheid er niet in geslaagd grip te krijgen op de gewapende milities. Al-Mangoush wordt gezien als een van de hoofdverantwoordelijken voor die machteloosheid.
De doden vielen toen tientallen demonstranten gisteren optrokken naar het hoofdkwartier van een van de milities in Benghazi. Ze eisten dat die de wapens zou neerleggen. Daarop braken urenlange gevechten uit.
Lijkt me tijd voor de NATO om in te grijpen en die milities eens flink kapot te bombarderen toch? 'vredige' demonstraties worden immers met zeer dodelijk geweld neergedrukt. En zo ging dat toch ook in de tijd van Ghadaffi en daar werd ook ingegrepen.quote:Op zondag 9 juni 2013 21:32 schreef Frikandelbroodje het volgende:
Tsja, dat was te verwachten. De militie waar het hier om gaat heet 'Libya Shield'. Drie weken geleden heeft de overheid speciale eenheden van het leger ingezet in Benghazi na aanleiding van die explosie. Hun doel is de orde te herstellen, de politie te versterken en eventueel milities te ontbinden, wat tot nu toe goed ging. De bevolking zijn de milities flink zat, maar willen niet ontbinden. Vandaar deze uitspatting. Het leger gaat de basissen van 'Libya Shield' nu overnemen.
Ik ben blij dat Mangoush opgestapt is, hij weigerde aanvankelijk 'Libya Shield' te ontbinden, ondanks eerdere incidenten.
Wat een vergelijkingen weer. Ik denk dat ze dat nu zelf wel kunnen als ze willen, Libië heeft haar eigen luchtmacht.quote:Op maandag 10 juni 2013 00:19 schreef JaJammerJan het volgende:
[..]
Lijkt me tijd voor de NATO om in te grijpen en die milities eens flink kapot te bombarderen toch? 'vredige' demonstraties worden immers met zeer dodelijk geweld neergedrukt. En zo ging dat toch ook in de tijd van Ghadaffi en daar werd ook ingegrepen.
En andere ooggetuigen meldde weer dat de demonstranten er pas wapens bij haalden toen ze werden beschoten door Shield. Net als met Khadaffi, als je toch van vergelijken houdt. Dus dat weten we niet.quote:Ik wed dat die demonstraties, (net zoals in het begin van de 'revolutie') helemaal niet vredig verliepen. Zoals hier beschreven staat worden het al 'rellen' genoemd en bij het nieuws van nu.nl staat dat de 'demonstranten' mogelijk zelf ook wapens hadden.
Volgens Khadaffi.quote:Echter, de eerste 'demonstraties' tegen Ghadaffi begonnen ook met het in de fik steken van auto's en politiegebouwen, en daar zullen behalve wapens als molotov cocktails, ook zwaardere wapens gebruikt zijn, wat tot het aantal doden van onze subjectieve media gedeeld door 10 leidde.
Verzin er nog wat leugens bij zoals bij Ghadaffi is gedaan: huurlingen, luchtaanvallen, wrede dictator, verkrachtingen.
en hoppaa, je hebt er bijna weer een 'revolutie' bij.
quote:Violence Against Libyan Protesters Threatens to Undercut Power of Militias
BENGHAZI, Libya — Gathering here to bury nearly 30 civilian protesters killed the night before by a powerful militia, mourners said Sunday that they hoped a backlash after the massacre would finally cow Libya’s freewheeling brigades into submitting to the central government.
“It is sad that whenever we reach our goals we have to lose souls in the process,” said Naja Abdel Wanis, 28, an engineer. The militia, known as Libya Shield, had already fled, he said, adding, “There is no longer a Libya Shield.”
Militia leaders argue that Libya’s weak transitional government still badly needs their superior firepower. But after this weekend’s clashes, there were signs on Sunday that Libyans’ shock at the violence against civilians might undercut the influence of the biggest militia leaders just as they appeared poised to consolidate their political power.
On Sunday afternoon, the transitional Parliament said it had accepted the resignation of the government official closest to the militia leaders, Yousef al-Mangoush, the military chief of staff and the brigades’ chief advocate. Libya Shield’s compound here was all but deserted, and its fighters were scattered after the melee on Saturday night. A handful of looters pawed over the rubble of a burned-out car, a tank and a rocket launcher left in the yard.
The militia’s leaders appeared to be in hiding; in a telephone interview late Saturday, a spokesman declined to disclose his location because of safety concerns. By Sunday night, several other militias reportedly announced their own dissolution as well.
After weeks of anonymous bombings and assassinations aimed at the former security forces of Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi, new police officers in blue uniforms appeared for the first time since the revolution on the streets of Benghazi. A contingent of regular, uniformed troops was also patrolling the cemetery to deter any new violence, and about a dozen soldiers were lined up in a row along the road outside.
“This is a historic day for our revolution,” said Jamal Bennor, a judge who attended the burials. “Now all the people are determined that there is no room for ‘security committees’ or ‘militias’ outside the official authorities,” he said. “Be satisfied. Everything is going well. The local government has no power, but the power is with the people.”
The Libya Shield militia has been a bellwether among the many autonomous brigades that emerged out of the revolt against Colonel Qaddafi two years ago. Although the militia was outside government control, its leaders distinguished themselves by offering their services to help quell regional unrest. Government officials cited it as a vital, “legitimate” militia, and it became a template for a handful of other brigades, which adopted the names Libya Shield 2, 3, 4 and so on.
But as the transitional government came to depend on Libya Shield and its imitators, the militia leaders also used their leverage to influence the government, most notably in pushing for the passage last month of a law barring former senior Qaddafi government officials from public posts for 10 years.
The broad legislation had the effect of disqualifying many of the big militias’ leading civilian opponents. And to push it through, armed militia members surrounded the Ministries of Justice and Foreign Affairs as well as the transitional Parliament, implicitly threatening the use of force.
The Parliament’s swift acquiescence had appeared to seal the militia leaders’ hold on power, and Wissam bin Hamid, the leader of Libya Shield, was chosen to lead a committee of top brigade leaders who would advise the civilian government.
Then on Saturday, what began as a dispute with neighbors over the deed to Libya Shield’s compound escalated into a lopsided slaughter. A swelling crowd of hundreds attacked the compound with rocks, and a few fired Kalashnikovs. The ill-trained militia inside retaliated with heavy gunfire, antiaircraft guns, rocket-propelled grenades and at least one round of mortar fire.
Thirty-one people were killed, officials said Sunday, raising the death toll from the 27 reported the night before. Only two were members of Libya Shield, its leaders said, and the rest were protesters.
In a radio interview on Saturday night, Mr. Bin Hamid of Libya Shield was unapologetic, portraying the protesters as angry members of a local tribe, Qaddafi loyalists and “federalists” aiming to break up the country into a union of three autonomous states.
“They had strange demands,” Mr. Bin Hamid said. “We did not understand what they wanted.”
But on Sunday, some mourners said that Mr. Bin Hamid had badly damaged his image. “He looked for bogus excuses,” said Nasser Ghaffer, 32, a former brigade leader who put down his weapon to resume civilian life. Libya Shield’s “legitimacy,” he said, is just “decoration.”
Mr. Abdel Wanis, the engineer, said: “His blood is wanted, as we say in Libyan culture. He can no longer come here. He is finished.”
quote:Libya Oil Output Slides as Power Cuts Mix With Protests
Since the overthrow of Muammar Qaddafi in 2011, Libya’s oil industry has become the target of violent attacks and civil protests. The latest challenge is a lack of electricity.
Production dropped 16 percent to 1.13 million barrels a day last month, the lowest since January, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The decline is partly because power shortages are disrupting the pumps that lift oil from beneath the ground, said Abdel Jalil Mayuf, a spokesman for state-run Arabian Gulf Oil Co., which pumps crude in eastern Libya.
The oil and natural gas industry makes up more than 70 percent of Libya’s economy and generates almost all the state’s revenue, according to the International Monetary Fund. Falling output is also a challenge for international companies including Italy’s Eni SpA (ENI), which gets more output from Libya, North Africa’s largest producer, than any other country.
“The country has been through a tumultuous time,” said Sana Abid, an oil analyst at KBC Energy Economics. “It looks bleak for Libya at the moment. They are going to struggle and that’s reflected in declining output.”
Austrian producer OMV AG (OMV) said today its fields in Libya, which produced 30,000 barrels a day last year, have been shut since June 25 because of the political situation.
The Libyan government is trying to address the problems facing oil producers, quadrupling the size of a special guard to protect the industry from attacks to 12,000 people this year.
To ensure electricity supply, Libya signed a deal with London-based contractor APR Energy Plc (APR) to provide 450 megawatts of power through mobile generators, the largest ever single contract for temporary power supply.
quote:Major Upgrading
“Stop-gap solutions are unlikely to be enough,” John Hamilton, a director at U.K.-based consultant Cross-Border Information, said in an interview in Tripoli. “Power generation and a major upgrading of power lines crossing hundreds of miles of desert are essential to keep production at existing levels.”
Civil protests at oil fields, where demonstrators have demanded jobs and changes in the way oil revenue is distributed, have cost Libya about 250,000 barrels a day in lost output, Oil Minister Abdulbari Al-Arusi said last month. Production is now 30 percent below the post-revolution peak of 1.6 million barrels a day reached last July.
Violence is also a risk. A shooting in June near Zueitina, a city in eastern Libya with a major oil export terminal, left an employee at power grid supplier ABB Ltd. (ABBN) and a contractor injured, according to state-run news agency LANA.
The Tripoli headquarters of the Defence Ministry Petroleum Facilities Guard was stormed by militiamen from Zintan late last month, leading to a gun battle in the streets of the capital that left at least six people injured.
Security Problem
“There is a general security problem in the country,” Total SA (FP) Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Christophe De Margerie said in an interview. “We have reduced our expatriate staff a little so that in case of a big problem we can evacuate more quickly.”
Demonstrations have been held at terminals in Tobruk and Zueitina -- shut down at least four times since November -- and at the Al-Fil oil field in the south, Al-Arusi said. Eni was forced to halt gas exports to Europe through its Greenstream pipeline for a week this year.
An explosion in April at pipelines serving Zueitina also heightened tensions after LANA reported it was a rocket-propelled grenade attack, citing an army officer. While the state-run National Oil Corp. called it an accident, results from an investigation haven’t been released.
“The way in which the Libyan institutions will settle down is at the center of our attention,” Eni CEO Paolo Scaroni said in an interview last month. “In principle, there are all the reasons to get to a peaceful democracy.”
quote:Saharan Wilderness
As well as holding back production, unrest makes some companies wary of looking for new fields in a country with Africa’s largest oil reserves. Explorers have become particularly wary of exploring the wilderness of the Saharan desert after an attack in January by al-Qaeda-linked militants on the In Amenas gas plant in neighboring Algeria left at least 38 foreign workers dead.
“Companies are extremely worried,” said Cross-Border’s Hamilton. “BP said in 2012 they were going to resume exploration in 2013, and here we are, there’s no sign of resuming exploration. A company like BP right now couldn’t commit hundreds of millions of dollars and send large numbers of its employees into the desert.”
BP Plc (BP/) has pulled its foreign workers due to insecurity, though the company remains operational with its Libyan staff, according to a spokesman.
Worsening Relations
Thomas Schmidt, a spokesman for ABB, confirmed an incident had taken place in Libya and he said the company has no plans to leave for the moment. Neither does Total.
The biggest risk for the oil and gas industry may be the worsening relations between the country’s two halves -- western Libya, where the capital Tripoli is located, and the oil-producing regions in the east.
Many of the protests that disrupted oil production in the east were led by federalists seeking a greater share of oil revenue for the region, according to Arabian Oil’s Mayuf. The east is also where U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens and three colleagues were killed in Benghazi in September.
“Libya’s oil industry is the football that all groups and protagonists seek to kick around,” said Duncan Bullivant, CEO of U.K.-based consulting company Henderson Risk.
quote:Picking Up the Pieces in Libya
During the week of July 22nd, 2013, three Libyan officials were killed in a wave of violence that shook Libya as a whole, and the city of Benghazi, in particular.
Since the country’s liberation from the regime of Muammar Ghaddafi, assassinations have become an increasingly common phenomenon.
Attacks against two Libyan army officials, Colonel Salem Al Sarah (head of police in southern Libya) and Lieutenant Khattab Younis Zwai (a local Benghazi police officer) followed the usual pattern. As with previous attempts, these assassinations aimed to quash efforts to establish a national army and police force to replace the militias that continue to run Libya.
But, the third victim of these attacks, prominent activist and lawyer, Abdulsalam Al-Mismari, highlights a shift in targeting practices – civil society is now on the hit list.
Al-Mismari was the founder of the February 17 Coalition, a collection of activists at the forefront of the country’s uprising. He had always been outspoken, and had previously received death threats for speaking out against Islamist factions in the former interim government, the National Transitional Council.
Most recently, Al-Mismari had publically expressed concerns about the assassination of General Abdelfatah Younis, who was killed on July 28th, 2011, and criticized the Muslim Brotherhood for attempting to sway the government through the use of armed groups.
Al-Mismari’s assassination sparked nation-wide protests condemning the violence and calling for the disbanding of all militias.
To date, Libya’s spate of assassinations, which began with the Younis killing, has claimed 62 victims. Perpetrators have yet to be identified or brought to justice in these cases.
A Sobering Reality: Have We Reached a Breaking Point?
As assassinations and violence increased over the last 2.5 years, Libyans persevered and continued to remain hopeful.
Recent events have, however, definitively shattered this bubble.
Hassan Al-Amin, a human rights lawyer, opponent of the Ghaddafi regime, and former representative from Misrata in the General National Council (GNC), Libya’s interim parliament, has continuously spoken out about the issues plaguing the country.
Al-Amin resigned from the GNC in May, in opposition to the forced passage of the controversial political isolation law. The law prohibits officials with ties to the Ghaddafi regime from working in the government for a period of ten years. The legislation was passed under duress, after various militia groups threatened violence if the law was not approved.
Since stepping down from office, Al-Amin has continued to speak out against the chaos in the country.
“Libya has reached its breaking point, the situation is getting worse by the day” he observes.
In a country where militias are strong and the government weak, the current crisis can only be described as inevitable.
Since Ghaddafi’s ouster, the militias, which were created to battle the regime, have been prone to fighting amongst themselves. These conflicts have typically been about settling scores that more often than not are extensions of tensions between other factions in Libya.
The government has attempted to incorporate the militias into the national security services. Nevertheless, many militia groups continue to pursue local and individuals interests, instead of the public good, making them ill-suited to provide security for the general population.
“Militias are divided, they can’t work together. They have differing views, demands, and have gained status, prestige, and power that they are not willing to give up on easily,” says Al-Amin.
The troubling situation is compounded by internal tensions within the Libyan army, which is national only in name. As the country’s circumstances continue to deteriorate, army heads are consistently shuffled around with no real ground being made.
Local police forces across the country are uncoordinated. Most critically, they lack a central intelligence system, which makes, rampant violence, like on-going assassinations, impossible to resolve.
Outside forces, whether regional or international, also play a role in destabilizing the country. Those with vested interests, which may or may not align with peaceful developments in the nation, constantly threaten to push Libya to its limits. It is commonly believed, for example, that Libya’s Islamists are backed by regional forces that will not rest until an Islamic state is established.
These experiences are further aggravated by the inexperience of the Libyan government and the GNC and their collective unwillingness to genuinely address the issues threatening the country’s security.
In the face of growing violence, both bodies have been complacent to say the least. Each assassination has been met with vague, though prompt, statements condemning violence and promising justice. Little effort has been made, however, to investigate these crimes, capture responsible parties, and prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future.
On top of all this, the government remains disconnected from the street and has made little effort to cultivate support among the Libyan population.
“The government and parliament are an illusion. They have no standing or power in the country” says Al-Amin. He suggests that, for the first time in its history, Libya has begun to resemble the early days of post-war Iraq, where constant power struggles were a recurring phenomenon.
Al-Amin is firm when assigning responsibility for Libya’s failures, which he lays at the feet of numerous individuals and government bodies, particularly the interim parliament.
The GNC has failed to follow through on its responsibilities. The body was created for one reason: to help elect members for a constituent assembly that would draft a new constitution for the country.
No real headway has been made on this goal. A draft election law for the constitutional committee has been prepared, but has stalled while debates continue about representation in the assembly for Libya’s various constituencies.
Within the GNC, political parties pursue their own agendas. As with all political groups in the country, these parties were established after the country’s liberation. There has simply been insufficient time for these groups to develop real relationships with their constituencies, making it inevitable they would pursue the interests of a few over the many.
The Way Forward
In light of the recent assassinations, some have called for a boycott of the GNC.
It is clear the GNC and the government are too busy accommodating pressure groups to pursue the public interest. Nevertheless, their authority must be maintained.
The process for creating the constituent assembly must be accelerated. Once formed, the body must be empowered with the necessary tools to swiftly complete the task of drafting and voting on a constitution.
The government must approach Libya today as a country in a state of emergency. Great effort must be made to stabilize the country and engage the population in this work.
Redirecting the transitional period along these lines would help rectify the country’s current problematic course.
But, how does a fragmented nation, with the government on one side and the people on the other, forge a new path? Al-Amin maintains that honesty and transparency can mend ties between the government and the masses.
“It is not too late to restore the country but the government needs to clearly articulate a program of change. They must be honest and reveal who calls the shots, name the forces that are becoming obstacles. The people need to see a clear and innovative leadership, flexible but firm. The government needs to be smart about presenting the truth; gain back the respect of the Libyan street, then ask of them what they want.”
Al-Amin stresses this long overdue conversation should be televised, and occur sooner rather than later. Waiting too long will only make the situation worse and lead to more bloodshed.
Opportunity for Change
Many Libyans wish to see change but feel paralyzed.
How can the government become stronger when faced with militias that are fighting one another and undermining any attempts to create a professional state security service?
Al-Amin remains resolute that if the government acts wisely now, the country can be salvaged.
He suggests the government begin to cultivate relationships with young people who are interested in the political process and invested in creating a better future for Libya.
His logic is irrefutable. Including Libya’s disenfranchised youth in this transitional period would be a game changer.
In particular, Al-Amin believes reviving or in most cases introducing volunteerism among young people to establish localized security would create a viable alternative to current efforts at developing a police force and army, which are moving at a snail’s pace. Al-Amin believes money has been a factor in the militias’ ability to hold onto power, and that a volunteer force would re-establish loyalty to the state, neighborhood by neighborhood.
Efforts to engage young people could tap into on-going youth-led efforts, like Stand for Libya, which work to foster a more inclusive political sphere.
Stand for Libya is a coalition of several youth led NGOs across the country established in response to Libya’s instability. Malak Bouod, a founding member of the coalition, describes the goals of the initiative:
“We all have our own political opinions but have come together under one goal, to deliver Libya out of this ordeal. We are in agreement that this phase requires unity and synchronized efforts. Many NGOs and political parties have lost sight of what is important right now, to put pressure on the congress and the government until we make our way out of this crisis situation.”
“What good is it to us if Libya is dragged into a civil war, that we leave it to the disposal of terrorists and extremists? Now is the time for cohesion, once security and the state are established, we can all go back to our individual efforts,” explains Bouod.
Reservations and Obstacles
There are many hurdles to moving past this difficult time in the country’s history.
For instance, Ghaddafi sympathizers continue to use media and other forms of propaganda to undermine the revolution and break down all that has been achieved so far.
The continued absence of a unified, professional security apparatus is, obviously, a significant problem for stability in the country
The media has become a major obstacle post-revolution as well. Most media outlets subscribe to a distinct agenda and are devoid of journalistic integrity and ethics.
Rather than supporting the democratic process and cultivating the kind of national unity that existed during the uprising, Libyan media has become a divisive agent and has failed to provide the people with accurate information. It acts as a distracting force, deflecting attention away from important issues by broadcasting political rumors and baseless accusations.
Adding to the country’s many challenges, civil society has failed to step up to the plate. Reflecting the state of Libyan society, civic activities remain exclusive, localized, and disorganized.
Civil society in Libya, though nascent, would benefit from outreach, coordination, and consistency in its work. Furthering such efforts through comprehensive awareness and education campaigns would allow for civic-minded activities to become more widespread and continue for longer periods of time.
The Egypt Debate
In Libya, reactions to current events in Egypt vary.
Some insist the two countries have little in common: Egypt has a strong army while Libya does not; Egypt has suffered at the hands of one group (the Muslim Brotherhood) while Libya has been victimized by many organizations; the political arena in Egypt is well developed while Libya’s remains nascent.
Others believe Libya would be wise to learn from its neighbors.
Political activist and nationalist, Ayman Grada, believes that, in light of Egypt’s current turmoil, Libya has a chance to expel unwanted forces, like the Muslim Brotherhood, which threaten the state’s legitimacy.
He describes the country’s current political dynamics as a conflict between nationalists and Islamists. A power vacuum left behind post-revolution has allowed Islamists to thrive. Grada argues that Islamists, which include a matrix of radical jihadists, Muslim Brotherhood affiliates, and the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), all share the same goal of establishing a caliphate.
In Libya, the Islamists have allied with various militias and have been involved in sporadic clashes with the Libyan Special Armed Forces, as well as the storming of the GNC earlier this year to forcibly pass the political isolation law.
Nationalists, on the other hand, are made up of a coalition of tribes from all over the country including those in the east that support federalism. This group calls for a national state and rejects the Muslim Brotherhood’s purported globalist agenda.
“The two groups are in a constant power struggle, reflected in a severe partisan ideological schism inside the GNC, that sometimes devolves into street fights,” says Grada.
Libya’s Muslim Brotherhood has already stirred trouble across the border. According to recent report, the Libyan chapter of the Brotherhood supplied Egypt’s Brotherhood with weaponry.
There is no clear indication where the Brotherhood’s loyalty lies, although it is certainly not with the state. Nevertheless, reconciliation efforts must be pursued to ensure the schism between Islamists and nationalists is resolved, and does not continue to hamstring the country’s progress
Conclusion
While specific details on events inside Libya are hard to come by, the general sentiment in the country is clear.
Libyans are outraged by violence that continues to torment their communities without resolution, and want a country that will protect their rights both legally and physically, through a national security service.
The people of Libya are reaching a point of no return. Should the government fail to act swiftly and engage the population, it will lose these individuals for good and further expose the country to terrorists and extremists.
The people of Libya must continue to remind the government and militias they have no more patience left – it is time for change in the country.
quote:Dispatches: A First Step toward Justice, for Some, in Libya
Libya is finally set to begin collecting evidence of crimescommitted by militias from the town of Misrata and people from Tawergha during the 2011 uprising to oust Muammar Gaddafi. This may be a first, hopeful step towards justice – but much needs to be done to ensure this difficult task is conducted fairly and thoroughly.
The Ministry of Justice announced on July 31, 2013, that a fact finding commission would begin its work, more than a year after the commission was established by a decree form the National Transitional Council.
Revolutionaries and civilians from Misrata have accused residents of neighboring Tawergha of siding with Gaddafi and his forces during the “17 February Revolution”. They have accused Tawerghans of committing serious crimes in Misrata, including unlawful killings, torture, and rapes, especially during the first months of the revolution, as Gaddafi forces besieged Misrata.
In August 2011, armed groups mostly from Misrata launched an onslaught on Tawergha, emptying the town, and subsequently looting and destroying its houses and rendering it inhabitable. Today, 35,000 Tawerghans were forced to leave their homes and now live in makeshift camps and private housing in Tripoli, Benghazi, and the South. Militias from Misrata have threatened Tawerghans with violence if they attempt to return. The Continued forced displacement of thousands of people amounts to a crime against humanity. Another 1,300 are missing or detained, mostly in Militia-run facilities in Misrata. Hundreds are dead.
The commission now has the daunting task of investigating these crimes and deciding which cases should be referred to the judiciary for prosecution and which people should receive compensation for their losses.
Despite the delay in launching investigations, this may be a step in the right direction. Authorities now need to show they are committed to justice by ensuring the commission is thorough, neutral, and independent. Much is at stake, and victims, from both sides, need to see a radical shift in the government’s attitude toward achieving justice.
quote:'Libische olieproductie moet omhoog'
TRIPOLI (AFN/BLOOMBERG) - De Libische overheid kan mogelijk ambtenaren aan het eind van het jaar niet meer betalen als de olie-uitvoer niet toeneemt. Dat zei een lid van de Libische parlementaire energiecommissie zondag.
Die uitvoer staat sterk onder druk door protesten en stakingen van arbeiders en bewakers bij de belangrijkste oliefaciliteiten in het land. Libië produceert op dit moment 150.000 vaten olie per dag, terwijl het dagelijks 400.000 vaten zou moeten produceren om publieke salarissen te betalen. ,,De overheid draait op haar reserves. Als de situatie niet verbetert kunnen we eind dit jaar niet meer betalen'', aldus het commissielid.
Libië produceerde in augustus gemiddeld 575.000 vaten per dag, de laagste maandproductie sinds het einde van het regime van Moammar Kadhafi in 2011. Het land, dat de grootste bewezen oliereserves van Afrika zou hebben, zou met zijn faciliteiten in staat moeten zijn om 1,6 miljoen vaten per dag te produceren, een niveau dat in juli 2012 voor het laatst werd bereikt.
quote:Special report: We all thought Libya had moved on – it has, but into lawlessness and ruin
A little under two years ago, Philip Hammond, the Defence Secretary, urged British businessmen to begin “packing their suitcases” and to fly to Libya to share in the reconstruction of the country and exploit an anticipated boom in natural resources.
Yet now Libya has almost entirely stopped producing oil as the government loses control of much of the country to militia fighters.
Mutinying security men have taken over oil ports on the Mediterranean and are seeking to sell crude oil on the black market. Ali Zeidan, Libya’s Prime Minister, has threatened to “bomb from the air and the sea” any oil tanker trying to pick up the illicit oil from the oil terminal guards, who are mostly former rebels who overthrew Muammar Gaddafi and have been on strike over low pay and alleged government corruption since July.
As world attention focused on the coup in Egypt and the poison gas attack in Syria over the past two months, Libya has plunged unnoticed into its worst political and economic crisis since the defeat of Gaddafi two years ago. Government authority is disintegrating in all parts of the country putting in doubt claims by American, British and French politicians that Nato’s military action in Libya in 2011 was an outstanding example of a successful foreign military intervention which should be repeated in Syria.
In an escalating crisis little regarded hitherto outside the oil markets, output of Libya’s prized high-quality crude oil has plunged from 1.4 million barrels a day earlier this year to just 160,000 barrels a day now. Despite threats to use military force to retake the oil ports, the government in Tripoli has been unable to move effectively against striking guards and mutinous military units that are linked to secessionist forces in the east of the country.
quote:Libya Is So Chaotic That It's Struggling To Buy Bread
TRIPOLI (Reuters) - Payments problems, chaos and corruption are hampering Libyan importers from making big deals to buy wheat, another setback as the country spins out of control two years after dictator Muammar Gaddafi was toppled by rebels and NATO warplanes.
In the latest disruption, the biggest wheat importer Mahatan Tripoli, which supplies most of the capital's bread, says it may have to put off its next major wheat purchase unless the state starts paying it nearly $100 million owed for previous imports.
For months, rogue militia members have disrupted Libya's oil exports, the main source of funding for a state that feeds its six million people with subsidized bread handed out for as little as 2 U.S. cents a loaf.
There are no signs of food shortages - quite the opposite: bread is still plentiful and cheap. But global grain traders say big Libyan buyers are now having difficulty arranging import deals. Exporters abroad are worried about being paid on time, and about the additional risks of unloading ships in chaotic ports where armed militia members run rampant.
The chairman of Matahan Tripoli, which buys wheat on international markets and sells flour and other processed foods to the state's subsidized distribution system, said the government owed it $96.7 million.
"If we don't get paid within two weeks then we don't have the funds to open new credit letters and make purchases again," Mustafa Abdel-Majid Idris told Reuters.
quote:Seif Gaddafi Appears on TV in Libya for the First time
Tripoli—Gaddafi’s son Seif appeared on a Libyan TV channel Tuesday night for the first time since he was captured in 2011. He seemed nervous but in good health and insisting he would rather be tried in Zintan city.
In a brief interview obtained by Al Aseema TV channel, Seif Gaddafi said he was in good health, that he is being visited by human rights organizations and that he would rather be tried in the city of Zintan where he is being currently detained.
Prison authorities in Zintan agreed to the interview with Al Aseema TV after widespread rumours alleged that Seif escaped from prison and he had already left the country.
Both these authorities and the Libyan government in Tripoli wanted to bring an end to such rumours which have been used by some political factions to create instability in the country.
New details emerged in the interview about how Seif was captured in the early morning hours of 19 November 2011 in southern Libya.
Other new details were revealed in relation to the arrest in June 2012 of Australian lawyer Melinda Taylor as she smuggled electronic devices to Seif in prison. Taylor, a lawyer was appointed by International Criminal Court (ICC) to defend Seif.
Colonel Al Ajami Al-Atairi, commander of the brigade that captured Seif and which now securing his prison, revealed the name of the individual who was first to tip that there would be a VIP from the Gaddafi regime who was to secretly flee the country to neighboring Niger.
Not knowing who would be the VIP, Colonel Al-Atairi said he took necessary contingencies to monitor all escape routes that the suspected caravan may lead.
Al-Atairi was in command of a revolutionary brigade that was tasked with the mission to secure the southwestern part of Libya.
A few days later two SUVs appeared. In first there were two people including the driver, Yousef, who was also the desert guide and an aide to Seif with the rank of a Colonel.
Seif was in the second car with two other people. He tried to hide his identity by putting his face in the sand and decided to escape only to change his mind as a result of the heavy gunfire in the air.
Al-Atairi said he was rather surprised when one of the men who were riding with him said the man whose face was covered with sand wad Seif Gaddafi. They were all taken to a nearby camp and then were flown to Zintan, 800 kms to the north.
During the very brief interview with Al-Aseema TV, Seif was kind of nervous. In the beginning his lawyer, Mohamed Bousenna consulted with him and went back to the TV crew to tell them that Seif declined to go on TV.
Later Bousenna returned and told the interviewer that he could only ask three questions: one about his health, another about whether he is getting visitors from family and human rights organizations and the third about the place of his trial. Here is a translation to the full brief interview:
Interviewer: How is your health, tell about your health?
Seif Gaddafi: ‘Al-hamdu liallah’ (thanks to God).
Interviewer: Do your family and human rights organizations visit you?
Seif Gaddafi: Yes, ‘Al-hamdu liallah’ (thanks to God).
Interviewer: What is the secret behind your saying that you wish to finish your trial in Zintan and you do not want to be transfer to Tripoli?
Seif Gaddafi: Is not Zintan in Libya? There is no problem. What is the difference between it and Tripoli?
Interviewer: Do not you see that there is a problem in Zintan?
Seif Gaddafi: You, do you see that there is a problem?
Interviewer: I am asking you?
Seif Gaddafi: Is Zintan in Libya or outside Libya?
Interviewer: Inside Libya.
Seif Gaddafi: ‘khalas’ (then).
quote:Premier Libië mobiliseert burgers tegen milities
De Libische premier Ali Zidan heeft de bevolking zondag opgeroepen geweldloos de strijd aan te binden met de vele milities die het land onveilig maken.
De betrekkingen van Libië met het buitenland staan op het spel, zei Zidan.
Afgelopen week legden rivaliserende strijdgroepen het openbare leven in de hoofdstad Tripoli lam. De milities hadden het aan de stok over de moord op een rebellencommandant uit Misurata. In Tripoli brak paniek uit en er vielen vier doden.
Sinds rebellen het bewind van Muammar Kaddafi in 2011 ten val brachten kampt Libië met milities die met elkaar wedijveren om de macht. De nieuwe machthebbers slagen er maar niet in de vele strijdgroepen in het gelid te dwingen en te ontwapenen.
Vorige maand was een militie zelfs brutaal genoeg Zidan zelf te ontvoeren. De strijders hielden de premier korte tijd gevangen, maar lieten hem al snel gaan.
quote:Financiële problemen Libië door olieblokkade
Libië dreigt vanaf volgende maand betalingsproblemen te krijgen vanwege de aanhoudende stakingen en blokkades bij Libische olievelden en havens. Dat heeft de Libische premier Ali Zeidan zondag gezegd.
Arbeiders, bewakers en milities leggen al maanden de belangrijkste oliefaciliteiten van het land plat om hoger loon en meer politieke rechten te eisen.
De premier waarschuwt nu dat als de blokkades niet stoppen, de overheid door de gedaalde olie-inkomsten problemen zal krijgen met het dekken van haar uitgaven.
Hij gaf de actievoerders een week tot tien dagen de tijd om hun acties te staken, anders zullen maatregelen worden genomen, zonder nadere details te geven.
Door de onrust in de Libische olie- en gasindustrie is de productie van het OPEC-land gedaald naar nog maar een fractie van de capaciteit van 1,6 miljoen vaten per dag.
quote:Opnieuw gevechten in Libië
zaterdag 16 nov 2013, 15:57 (Update: 16-11-13, 19:10)
In buitenwijken van de Libische hoofdstad Tripoli zijn opnieuw gevechten uitgebroken tussen rivaliserende militieleden. De gevechten volgen op de geweldsexplosie van gisteren, waarbij meer dan veertig mensen omkwamen en honderden gewond raakten.
Leden van een militie uit de stad Misrata zouden zijn opgerukt naar Tripoli. Ze zijn in gevecht geraakt met lokale militieleden. Misrata ligt zo'n tweehonderd kilometer ten oosten van Tripoli.
Nieuwe gevechten
Gisteren liep het in Tripoli uit de hand toen demonstranten richting het hoofdkantoor van de militie uit Misrata liepen. Ze eisten het vertrek van de strijders uit de hoofdstad. Toen de betogers in de buurt kwamen, openden militieleden in burger het vuur.
Sommige betogers gingen daarop wapens halen en het kwam tot nieuwe gevechten bij het hoofdkantoor van de militie. Verschillende gebouwen werden in brand gestoken.
Nauwelijks vat
Premier Ali Zeidan deed vandaag een oproep aan alle partijen om kalm te blijven. Ook waarschuwde hij dat geen milities van buiten Tripoli naar de hoofdstad moeten komen. Regeringsgezinde milities hebben in de stad barricades opgeworpen.
De Libische regering heeft nauwelijks vat op de vele gewapende strijders in het land. Vorige maand werd de premier ontvoerd en urenlang vastgehouden.
Nog geen grondwet
Libië heeft twee jaar na de val van kolonel Kadhafi nog geen grondwet. In het parlement woedt een heftige strijd tussen seculiere en islamitische fracties.
quote:Veertig doden bij gevechten Tripoli
zaterdag 16 november 2013, 18:48
Opnieuw zijn in buitenwijken van de Libische hoofdstad Tripoli gevechten uitgebroken. De gevechten volgen op de geweldsexplosie van gisteren, waarbij meer dan veertig mensen omkwamen en honderden gewond raakten.
inderdaad, voor herhaling vatbaar in Syriëquote:Op zaterdag 16 november 2013 20:12 schreef Schurkenstaat het volgende:
Dat heeft het Westen allemaal keurig geregeld daar. Vrijheid, blijheid en democratie. Leve de revolutie.
Veel te kort door de bocht om de schuld weer allemaal toe te schuiven op het Westen. De problemen na de revolutie in Libië worden vooral intern veroorzaakt. En voor buitenlandse bemoeienis om de boel toen te laten stabiliseren was geen behoefte, zowel in Libië als daarbuiten.quote:Op zaterdag 16 november 2013 20:12 schreef Schurkenstaat het volgende:
Dat heeft het Westen allemaal keurig geregeld daar. Vrijheid, blijheid en democratie. Leve de revolutie.
Forum Opties | |
---|---|
Forumhop: | |
Hop naar: |