Campi Flegrei Napels: Supervulkaan kan leven Europa in bedreigen

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Op dinsdag 4 januari 2011 10:23 schreef HyperViper het volgende:
Spannend, is deze vergelijkbaar met Toba?

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Op maandag 3 januari 2011 23:20 schreef Honingbijtje het volgende:
Ik hoop stiekem dat ie uitbarst : O

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Op dinsdag 4 januari 2011 10:23 schreef HyperViper het volgende:
Spannend, is deze vergelijkbaar met Toba?

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Op woensdag 21 september 2011 16:43 schreef lipjes het volgende:
Ik ga deze eens even kicken

Viel me op dat er de afgelopen tijd wat krachtige activiteit is:
Date Time Magnitude Depth
2011-09-19 23:27:19 2.3 27 Km
2011-09-17 13:41:44 3.6 23 Km
2011-09-08 22:06:21 4.8 33 Km
2011-09-07 00:10:01 5.0 40 Km
2011-09-06 10:47:28 5.0 25 Km
2011-08-16 19:35:20 5.4 40 Km
2011-08-14 20:42:05 4.9 50 Km
2011-08-09 19:24:33 2.8 8 Km
2011-08-07 20:31:52 3.2 8 Km
2011-08-05 10:53:22 4.9 56 Km

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Op woensdag 21 september 2011 16:57 schreef Frutsel het volgende:
Tambora heeft de alertstatus al verhoogd naar de ena-hoogste stand...

italie rommelt het echt flink door, wist niet dat deze bevingen echt bij CF waren

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Possible signs of magma ascent in supervolcano Campi Flegrei

Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy): increase in uplift and temperature as possible signs of magma ascent

According to a recent report by INGV Naples, the ground deformation of the Campi Flegrei (Phlegraean Fields) near Naples has increased considerably lately. During the last 12 months, the ground in some places near the town of Pozzuoli was uplifted by about 8 cm.
The largest uplift, recorded by GPS devices, occurred during the months of July-August 2012 and since December. The trend appears to be continuing at the moment.

Such (sometimes dramatic, totaling up to several meters in a few years) ground uplift and subsidence have been known in the Phlegraean Fields since antiquity and are not a new phenomenon. They can usually be explained by normal pressure, temperature and density variations of the giant hydrothermal system of the Campi Flegrei caldera and may not necessarily indicate an imminent eruption.

However, in addition to the detected ground deformation, scientists also measured increased numbers of micro earthquakes, a rise in temperature and in particular, an increase in the proportion of the gases of magmatic origin at fumaroles in the Solfatara crater.

As the hydrothermal system is closely connected with the underlying complex magma chamber of the Phlegrean Fields, new magma movements could in fact be the culprit for the observed changes. Whether these, and if so when, will lead to a new volcanic eruption is currently uncertain.
A much larger increase of such observed changes should probably be expected if in fact should new volcanic activity was to announce itself.

The last volcanic eruption occurred after a rest period of about 3000 years in the year 1538 AD and built a new cinder cone, the Monte Nuovo ("New Mountain") near Pozzuoli.

Strong ground uplift, earthquakes and changes in springs and fumaroles preceded the eruption according to historical sources. Even though it was - geologically speaking - a rather small eruption, the effects of a similar event today would be devastating for the very densely populated area. It should be hoped that the residents and all involved are spared such a scenario, at least for the near future.

Ancient Supervolcano's Eruption Spewed Ash Over Europe, Asia | Video

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Supervolcano awakening in Italy?
It looks like we may be in for an earth-shattering explosion. A dormant super volcano appears to be stirring under the Phlegraen Fields of Naples in Italy. Rising soil temperatures and surface deformation in the area have alarmed seismologists. In the distant past, volcanic super eruptions caused global climate change responsible for mass extinctions of plant and animal species.

So far, scientists are unable to model the potential consequences of an awakening super volcano.

Latest studies show that the Phlegraen Fields have actually been swelling above sea level at a rate of 3 cm per month. Micro quakes and large amounts of gases accumulated in soil indicate that the volcano may be preparing to erupt, says Vladimir Kiryanov, Assistant Professor of Geology at the St. Petersburg University.

"The Phlegraen Fields are a super volcano. Yellowstone in the United States and Toba in Indonesia are also super volcanoes capable of spewing more than 1,000 cubic km of magma. These are catastrophic eruptions. There was a huge volcanic eruption in the Phlegraen Fields some 30,000-40,000 years ago. Volcanic ash from that eruption is still found in the Mediterranean, Bulgaria, Ukraine, and even in Russia. We are now seeing the expansion of a magma pocket, which means that there might be an eruption at a certain time."

Super eruptions of such magnitude may produce the so-called “volcanic winter” effect when sulfur gases and ash will reach the stratosphere and cover the globe with thick ash clouds that solar rays will be unable to penetrate. Condensed sulfur trioxides will react with moisture, forming sulfuric acid. Downpours of sulfuric acid will hit the Earth. Scientists have obtained new evidence of a similar cataclysm following the eruption of the Toba super volcano on island of Sumatra in Indonesia about 74,000 years ago. But today, things promise to be even more devastating. Suffice it to recall the havoc wreaked by a minor increase in volcanic activity in Iceland in 2010 on air transportation over Europe.

Super eruptions occurred so rarely that it is virtually impossible to calculate the approximate time span between the first and last stages of a future potential eruption. In the 1970s, the Phlegraen Fields inflated by more than 50 cm. There were even cracks in house walls. But then the process slackened. Apparently, the fact itself that a magma chamber is being filled with magma may or may not signal any immediate eruption. Alexei Sobisevich, laboratory chief at the Institute of Volcanology and Geophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, shares his view:

"It actually seems to be a long-term precursor. A magma chamber may be filled up within a span ranging from decades to centuries. Many mounts grow by 5 cm per year. This is a natural process."

Some scientists hold that the volcanic system of the Earth is becoming increasingly tense and that underground cavities are full of magma threatening to burst out any moment. Whether this will be a super eruption or a string of smaller eruptions, we should prepare for the worst.

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Campi Flegrei nearing critical pressure point
The slumbering Campi Flegrei volcano under the Italian city of Naples shows signs of reawakening and may be nearing a critical pressure point, according to a new study.

Italian and French scientists have for the first time identified a threshold beyond which rising magma under the Earth’s surface could trigger the release of fluids and gases at a 10-fold increased rate.

This would cause the injection of high-temperature steam into surrounding rocks, said Giovanni Chiodini, a researcher at Italy’s National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Bologna. “Hydrothermal rocks, if heated, can ultimately lose their mechanical resistance, causing an acceleration towards critical conditions,” he told AFP by email.

He said it was not possible to say when – or if – the volcano would erupt but “it would be very dangerous” if it did for about 500,000 people living inside and near the caldera – the bowl-like depression created after a volcano blows its top.

Chiodini said there was an urgent need to obtain a better understanding of Campi Flegrei’s behaviour because of the risk to such a dense urban population.

Since 2005, Campi Flegrei has been undergoing what scientists call uplift, causing Italian authorities to raise the alert level in 2012 from green to yellow, signalling the need for active scientific monitoring. The pace of ground deformation and low-level seismic activity has recently increased.

Two other active volcanoes – Rabaul in Papua New Guinea and Sierra Negra in the Galapagos – “both showed acceleration in ground deformation before eruption with a pattern similar to that observed at Campi Flegrei,” Chiodini said.

The Campi Flegrei caldera was formed 39,000 years ago in an explosion that threw hundreds of cubic kilometres of lava, rock and debris into the air in the largest eruption in Europe in the past 200,000 years. Campi Flegrei last erupted in 1538, though on a much smaller scale.

Nearby Mount Vesuvius, which had a massive eruption in AD79 that buried several Roman settlements including Pompeii, is also classified as an active volcano.

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Op woensdag 21 december 2016 08:55 schreef Frutsel het volgende:
Vulkanologen: 'monster van Napels' kan rond 2020 ontwaken

Een van de engste vulkanen van Europa lijkt af te stevenen op een eruptie. Ergens rond 2020 zou de reuzenvulkaan Campi Flegrei bij Napels zijn kookpunt bereiken en tot uitbarsting kunnen komen. Dat becijferen Italiaanse vulkanologen aan de hand van gassen die uit de vulkaan ontsnappen.

Voor de rest: lees hier

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