quote:Op donderdag 28 januari 2010 19:49 schreef Its-Jojo-4you het volgende:
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Gewoon....
afstuderen, trouwen, kinderen krijgen en huisvrouw worden
Ga je toch gewoon theezakjeskunst maken als de kinderen op school zijn?quote:Op donderdag 28 januari 2010 19:52 schreef Etcetera het volgende:
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Vakken afronden, op stage gaan, werk vinden
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Ik wil wel werken hoor
quote:Op donderdag 28 januari 2010 19:56 schreef Hawaii_Tim het volgende:
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Ga je toch gewoon theezakjeskunst maken als de kinderen op school zijn?
* Gaat aandelen van een nagellak remover fabrikant kopenquote:Op donderdag 28 januari 2010 20:06 schreef B.ertha het volgende:
Goedzo Etcie
Ik heb mijn teennagels gelakt. Dat doe ik nooit, dus daar ben ik heel slecht in. Bij mij houdt dat dus in dat ik een kwak nagellak op mijn nagels smeer en dan het merendeel langs de randen er weer afhaal met remover![]()
Tot zover de update
Ik ga ze wel krijgenquote:
Timquote:Op donderdag 28 januari 2010 19:56 schreef Hawaii_Tim het volgende:
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Ga je toch gewoon theezakjeskunst maken als de kinderen op school zijn?
en dan naar de huishoudbeursquote:Op donderdag 28 januari 2010 19:56 schreef Hawaii_Tim het volgende:
[..]
Ga je toch gewoon theezakjeskunst maken als de kinderen op school zijn?
ik weiger hieraan mee te werkenquote:Op donderdag 28 januari 2010 20:59 schreef Its-Jojo-4you het volgende:
ik ben even een uurtje weg. Ik verwacht dat als ik terug kom dit topic vol is.
Begrepen?
quote:Groupthink (Irving Janis) is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas. Individual creativity, uniqueness, and independent thinking are lost in the pursuit of group cohesiveness, as are the advantages of reasonable balance in choice and thought that might normally be obtained by making decisions as a group.[1] During groupthink, members of the group avoid promoting viewpoints outside the comfort zone of consensus thinking.
quote:To make groupthink testable, Irving Janis devised eight symptoms indicative of groupthink (1977).
1. Illusions of invulnerability creating excessive optimism and encouraging risk taking.
2. Rationalizing warnings that might challenge the group's assumptions.
3. Unquestioned belief in the morality of the group, causing members to ignore the consequences of their actions.
4. Stereotyping those who are opposed to the group as weak, evil, biased, spiteful, disfigured, impotent, or stupid.
5. Direct pressure to conform placed on any member who questions the group, couched in terms of "disloyalty".
6. Self censorship of ideas that deviate from the apparent group consensus.
7. Illusions of unanimity among group members, silence is viewed as agreement.
8. Mind guards — self-appointed members who shield the group from dissenting information.
quote:By following these guidelines, groupthink can be avoided. After the Bay of Pigs invasion fiasco, John F. Kennedy sought to avoid groupthink during the Cuban Missile Crisis.[6] During meetings, he invited outside experts to share their viewpoints, and allowed group members to question them carefully. He also encouraged group members to discuss possible solutions with trusted members within their separate departments, and he even divided the group up into various sub-groups, to partially break the group cohesion. JFK was deliberately absent from the meetings, so as to avoid pressing his own opinion. Ultimately, the Cuban missile crisis was resolved peacefully, thanks in part to these measures.
quote:According to Janis, group cohesion will only lead to groupthink if one of the following two antecedent conditions is present:
* Structural faults in the organization: insulation of the group, lack of tradition of impartial leadership, lack of norms requiring methodological procedures, homogeneity of members' social background and ideology.
* Provocative situational context: high stress from external threats, recent failures, excessive difficulties on the decision-making task, moral dilemmas.
Social psychologist Clark McCauley's three conditions under which groupthink occurs:
* Directive leadership.
* Homogeneity of members' social background and ideology.
* Isolation of the group from outside sources of information and analysis.
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