Vulkaan Mayon op de Filipijnen weer actief

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Mayon volcano starts new phreatic eruption fase
A strong phreatic eruption started at Mayon volcano, Philippines at 09:06 UTC (17:06 local time) on Saturday, January 13, 2018. The eruption produced a column of ash reaching up to 5.2 km (17 000 feet) above sea level. The eruption was ongoing as of 10:06 UTC, although not visible in satellite imagery due to a meteorological cloud. The last eruption of this volcano took place in 2014.

Ashfall was reported in the towns SW of the volcano, Camalig and Guinobatan, while residents in towns near the volcano reported rumbling sounds and sulfur smell.

Authorities issued evacuation orders for people living in 16 barangays within the 5-km (3.1 miles) radius of the volcano. As of 12:00 UTC, the evacuation was still in progress in at least 2 barangays and authorities did not have an exact number of evacuees. Mayor Maria Ahrdail Baldo said evacuees will be staying at public elementary schools designated by the local government units.

At least 13 434 residents living within 8 km (5 miles) danger zone are at risk of effects of ashfall.

According to the Tokyo VAAC Volcanic Ash Advisory issued 10:04 UTC, volcanic ash is rising up to 5.2 km (17 000 feet) and drifting to the SW.

PHIVOLCS advised civil aviation authorities against flying close to the volcano.

There were no volcanic earthquakes detected under the volcano on January 12 but moderate to voluminous emissions of white steam-laden plumes were observed drifting southwest, northwest, north-northeast, and west-southwest.

"Precise leveling data obtained on November 7 to 11, 2017 indicated slight inflation of the edifice relative to September 2017. This is also exhibited in increased rates in the inflationary trends recorded by continuous GPS and tilt since October and November 2017, respectively," PHIVOLCS said.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission was measured at an average of 856 tonnes/day on December 3, 2017.

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Mayon alert level raised from 2 to 3

Following the first eruption of Mayon volcano since 2014 on Saturday, January 13, 2018, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) has raised the volcano's Alert Level to 2 and then to 3 on Sunday, January 14, 2018. This means that Mayon is exhibiting relatively high unrest, that magma is at the crater and that hazardous eruption is possible within weeks or even days.

For the past 24 hours, Mayon volcano in Albay Province has noticeably increased its unrest, PHIVOLCS reported 12:00 UTC today. After three phreatic (steam-driven) eruptions and 158 rockfall events between 08:21 UTC, January 13 and 11:25 UTC, January 14, Mayon's summit crater is now exhibiting bright crater glow that signifies the growth of new lava dome and beginnings of lava flow towards the southern slopes.

This increased activity forced PHIVOLCS to raise the Alert Level from 2 to 3 on January 14. This means that Mayon is exhibiting relatively high unrest, that magma is at the crater and that hazardous eruption is possible within weeks or even days.

"It is therefore recommended that the 6-km [3.7 miles] radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and a 7-km [4.3 miles] Extended Danger Zone (EDZ) on the southern flank be enforced due to the danger of rockfalls, landslides and sudden explosions or dome collapse that might generate hazardous volcanic flows.

Increased vigilance against pyroclastic density currents, lahars and sediment-laden streamflows along channels draining the edifice is also advised.

Civil aviation authorities must also advise pilots to avoid flying close to the volcano's summit as ash from any sudden eruption can be hazardous to aircraft, PHIVOLCS said.

Based on the seasonal wind pattern, ashfall events may most likely occur on the southwest side of the volcano.

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Lava flow from Mayon summit towards Miisi and Bonga gullies as of 19:47 PST

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Nearly 15.000 evacuated now
Authorities have evacuated nearly 15 000 people living in the vicinity of Mayon volcano, Albay Province, Philippines following its first eruption since 2014 on Saturday, January 13, 2018. Lava is flowing from the summit towards Miisi and Bonga gullies.

Mayon is ejecting ash and producing lahars since Saturday, January 13, forcing authorities to raise the Alert Level from 1 to 3. The volcano, however, was on Alert Level 1 since September 8, 2016.

Two lava collapse events occurred early Monday, January 15, triggering rockfall and small-volume pyroclastic flows, observed descending down the volcano at 01:47 UTC (09:47 local time)

Renato Solidum, head of PHIVOLCS said lava flowed about 800 m (0.5 miles) from the crater on Monday morning and ash clouds appeared mid-slope as lava fragments rolled downs. "It was hard to track down the lava flow given the thick clouds shrouding the volcano," Solidum added.

Early Monday morning, Philippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) said they have already accounted 3 061 families or 12 044 persons who have been evacuated due to possible hazardous eruption. The number has since increased to nearly 15 000.

At 03:07 UTC (11:07 local time) Monday, a degassing event started and lasted eight minutes, producing a grayish to dirty white ash column with a maximum height of about 1 000 m (3 280 feet) above summit (2 460 m / 8 070 feet above sea level) before drifting west-southwest.

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Powerful eruption at Mayon volcano, heavy ashfall and zero visibility, Alert Level 4

A powerful eruption took place at Mayon volcano, Philippines around 04:45 UTC on Monday, January 22, 2018 (12:45 local time), producing a column of ash that rose up to 7.6 km (25 000 feet) above sea level. At 05:10 UTC, the Tokyo VAAC reported ash cloud up to 12.5 km (41 000 feet) a.s.l. and corrected it within 30 minutes. Increased activity at the volcano forced authorities to raise the Alert Level from 3 to 4 (hazardous eruption imminent). The scale goes up to 5.

Heavy ashfall was reported in communities around the volcano and as far as Ligao City, some 35 km (21.7 miles) from Legazpi City. Albay Governor said zero visibility has been reported in parts of Guinobatan, Ligao, and Camalig after the major ash eruption, advising everyone to wear their face masks and to stay indoors, especially those in the 3rd district of Albay.

Classes in all public and private schools across the entire province have been suspended.

Volcanologist Ed Laguerta said the eruption lasted for some 8 minutes and generated pyroclastic flows towards Camalig and Guinobatan towns southwest of the volcano.

"The volcano in Albay Province has been exhibiting increased seismic unrest, lava fountaining and summit explosions," PHIVOLCS said 05:00 UTC (13:00 local time), January 22. "In view thereof, DOST-PHIVOLCS is raising the Alert Level of Mayon volcano from Alert 3 (increased tendency to hazardous eruption) to Alert Level 4 (hazardous eruption imminent)."

Because of this, the Danger Zone is extended to 8 km (5 miles) from the summit vent.

The public is strongly advised to be vigilant and desist from entering this danger zone. Civil aviation authorities must also advise pilots from flying close to the volcano's summit as ash from eruptions can be hazardous to aircraft, the agency added.

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Philippine volcano explodes, authorities raise alert level

MANILA, Philippines (AP) — The Philippines’ most active volcano exploded thunderously Monday, sending a huge gray column of lava fragments, ash and steam into the sky and prompting authorities to warn that a violent eruption may be imminent.

The noontime explosion sent superheated lava, molten rocks and steam cascading down Mount Mayon’s slopes and shrouded nearby villages in darkness, said Renato Solidum of the Philippine Institute of Seismology and Volcanology and other officials.

Authorities raised the alert level to four on a scale of five, which means an explosive eruption is possible within hours or days. A danger zone around Mayon was expanded to 8 kilometers (5 miles) from the crater.

“If the eruption is vertical, it’s possible pyroclastic flows or pyroclastic density currents may cascade down in all directions,” Solidum told a news conference, warning villagers and tourists not to venture into the no-go zones and airplanes to stay safely away from the crater and ash-laden winds.

More than 27,000 villagers have fled since Mayon started acting up more than a week ago.

Mayon is in coconut-growing Albay province, about 340 kilometers (210 miles) southeast of Manila. With its near-perfect cone, it is popular with climbers and tourists but has erupted about 50 times in the last 500 years, sometimes violently.

In 2013, an ash eruption killed five climbers who had ventured near the summit despite warnings. Mayon’s first recorded eruption was in 1616 and the most destructive, in 1814, killed 1,200 people and buried the town of Cagsawa in volcanic mud.

The Philippines lies in the so-called “Ring of Fire,” a line of seismic faults surrounding the Pacific Ocean where earthquakes and volcanic activity are common.

In 1991, Mount Pinatubo in the northern Philippines exploded in one of the biggest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century, killing about 800 people.

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Op maandag 22 januari 2018 14:20 schreef rubbereend het volgende:
dank voor alle update Frutsel

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Op maandag 22 januari 2018 19:44 schreef SeLang het volgende:
Ik was erbij de vorige keer dat hij uitbarstte, 8 jaar geleden. Mooi naar zitten kijken met een pilsje op het balkon

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Noodsituatie door lavaspuwende vulkaan Mayon gaat maanden duren

De noodsituatie rond de uitbarstende vulkaan Mayon in de Filipijnen kan wel drie maanden duren. Dat meldt het rampenbureau. Er zijn al 81.000 mensen geėvacueerd en de noodopvanglocaties zijn overvol. De 2462 meter hoge Mayon spuwt as en lava.

Omwonenden zijn ondergebracht in 69 opvangcentra, maar daar zijn te weinig toiletten. Hygiėne wordt daardoor een steeds groter probleem.

De mensen zijn vooral ondergebracht in scholen, maar er zijn ook tentenkampen opgericht.

Dorpsbewoners en toeristen worden met klem geadviseerd om uit de buurt te blijven, er bestaat een gevaar voor lawines met gloeiend hete as. Vliegtuigen worden om de aswolk heen geleid.

Blijven voor oogst of vee
Toch zijn er ook mensen die ondanks de waarschuwingen weigeren het gebied te verlaten. Bijvoorbeeld omdat ze hun oogst of vee niet willen achterlaten.

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Erupting Mayon volcano sparks Philippine tourism boom

LEGAZPI, PHILIPPINES (AFP) - With chilli-flavoured "lava ice cream" in demand and awestruck tourists packing onto viewing decks, the erupting Mayon volcano is sparking a local business boom in an impoverished region of the Philippines where tens of thousands of others have fled for their lives.

Albay province has built its image around the picture-perfect, cone-shaped Mayon volcano whose periodic activity offers both boundless opportunity as well as enduring misery.

Since Mayon began shooting out lava two weeks ago, restaurants and hotels just outside a 9km "danger zone" - some complete with volcano branding - have enjoyed an off-season tourism bonanza.

"We are thankful because we have many guests but it also makes me guilty because so many people are affected," Purita Araojo, front desk officer at Vista Al Mayon Pensionne, told AFP.

Nearly 90,000 people living around the volcano have fled to overcrowded relief camps where the authorities have warned of a worsening sanitation crisis.

The largely farming region is still bracing itself against a potentially explosive eruption, though experts are convinced everyone is now out of reach of the 2,460m Mayon's threat.

With its 52nd eruption in about 400 years, Mayon is the most active of 22 volcanoes in the Philippines, a country which is itself part of the Pacific "Ring of Fire" of islands formed by volcanic activity.

'BEAUTIFUL LADY'
But its rumblings are also a spark of inspiration for tourism-oriented businesses, which have fashioned spicy menus while prominently displaying volcano photos and logos.

A bestseller at a local restaurant is the "Mayon Hot Lava" - Mayon-shaped ice cream scoops topped with bits of chili and spicy syrup.

High-end hotels provide live TV streaming of Mayon's eruption, while out-of-town journalists and tourists are also corralled into "volcano-view" rooms with windows looking out onto the slowly unfolding disaster.

ST_20180115_XNEWMAYON_3689602.jpg
Mount Mayon erupting in Legazpi City, Philippines, on Saturday in this still obtained from social media. More than 900 families were ordered to evacuate from villages near the volcano, a tourist attraction in Albay province.
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Albay saw a 10-per cent growth in tourist arrivals this month from a year earlier, the local tourism office said, as travel agencies and tour guide services cashed in on what is normally a slow period after Christmas.

The forlorn top of the old church belfry of Cagsawa town - jutting out of the grass more than two centuries after Mayon buried 1,200 of its residents alive in a catastrophic 1814 eruption - is the most popular draw.

Family and friends pose for wacky shots beside it, many making it appear as if they are leaning on the smouldering volcano in the background, or cupping its red-hot crater.

At times however low-lying rain clouds spoil the photography, forcing tourist guides to turn to story-telling.

"We tell them the epic where the cloud is believed to be the suitor of Mount Mayon, which we call the beautiful lady," park aide Hohanna Loterina told AFP.

"When the cloud covers her, he does not want to show her to others and it's an expression of love."

But beyond the hospitality industry, the volcano has brought misery to the poor, many of them farmers on its lower slopes.

Volcanic ash has destroyed many crops, pushing up vegetable prices and causing roadside eatery proprietor Janet Octavo to miss out on the boom.

"I wish that the eruption stops," she told AFP.

Elderly chili farmer Marcal Morato stood barefoot on blackened soil where wilted stems were all that remained.

"It's such a shame because I can no longer use this. I would have to buy new seeds," the 72-year-old told AFP.

Venice Mar lost 30,000 pesos (S$766) worth of bitter gourd but was philosophical, saying disasters yield both winners and losers.

"We get frustrated but we just take it as it is. We are used to it because business is like a gamble," he added.

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Op dinsdag 30 januari 2018 12:44 schreef Basp1 het volgende:

[..]

Klopt die theorie over meer uitbarsting bij een redelijk dichtbijstaande maan wel of zijn het nog steed onbewezen vermoedens?

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Alert status Mayon lowered
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) lowered the Alert Level for Mayon volcano from 3 to 2 on March 29, 2018. The lowering of the alert status from Alert Level 3 to Alert Level 2 signifies the cessation of eruptive activity and the decline to a moderate level of unrest. However, the lowering of the alert status should not be interpreted to mean that the volcano’s unrest has ceased, considering that the edifice is still inflated relative to its baseline level.

Mayon’s volcano monitoring network and active observation of day-to-day conditions have recorded a general decline in unrest, as indicated by the following monitored parameters:

1. Volcanic earthquake activity:

For the past two weeks, seismic activity has waned from a peak of 82 to less than 10 rockfall events attributed to the collapse of unstable lava flow deposits on the Miisi, Bonga and Basud drainage systems.

Low frequency earthquakes associated with magma degassing and short ash plumes were last recorded on March 15, 2018, although lava flow effusion from the crater could be detected until March 18, 2018. The overall decline in seismicity indicates that there is currently no active transport of eruptible magma to the shallow levels of the edifice.

2. Ground deformation:

Since February 20, 2018, medium-term deflation of Mayon’s edifice has been recorded by electronic tilt and Precise Leveling (PL) surveys despite short-term episodes of inflation of its lower and middle slopes.

The downtrend in ground deformation follows a period of continuous inflation that began in October-November 2017 and implies that magma recharge from deep to shallower levels of the edifice has decreased. Based on medium-term PL data, nonetheless, the volcano is still inflated relative to January 2010 baselines, most likely due to the presence of remnant magma beneath the edifice.

3. Volcanic degassing:

Magmatic sulfur dioxide or SO2 flux measured for the past two weeks has fluctuated within the range of 500 - 2 000 tonnes/day, which is lower than 700 - 4 500 tonnes/day for the period of eruption from January 13, 2018 to March 8, 2018. The current concentrations of SO2 reflect the diminishing volumes of gas exsolved from unreplenished magma beneath the edifice as well as from cooling lava deposits on the summit and volcanic slopes.

4. Visual parameters:

Since the last observation of lava effusion on March 18, 2018, no new lava has been detected on Mayon’s summit crater. Crater glow, which is incandescence associated with superheated gas emission at the summit vent, has diminished from intense to faint.

Gravity-driven lava flow has begun to stabilize, producing less rockfall and infrequent pyroclastic density currents, the last of which occurred on March 27, 2018. The decline in observable surface parameters is consistent with the cessation of magma supply to the shallow levels of the volcanic edifice.

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Two ash explosions at Mayon volcano
MANILA, Philippines – Mount Mayon in Albay again spewed ash on Monday morning, November 26.

In a bulletin issued 10:15 am on Monday, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) said two phreatic eruptions were observed between 7:59 am and 8:05 am.

A phreatic eruption is steam-driven and occurs when water beneath the ground or on the surface is heated by magma, lava, hot rocks, or new volcanic deposits.

"The events generated grayish to grayish white ash plume that rose 300 to 500 meters above the summit before drifting southwest," Phivolcs said.

Mayon volcano has been under Alert Level 2 since late March this year, which means "a moderate level of unrest."

Phivolcs warned that "sudden explosions, lava collapses, pyroclastic density currents or PDCs, and ashfall can still occur and threaten areas in the upper to middle slopes of Mayon."

It reiterated that people should not be allowed to enter the 6-kilometer-radius permanent danger zone and the 7-kilometer-radius extended danger zone stretching from Anoling, Camalig, to Sta Misericordia, Sto Domingo.

"People residing close to these danger areas are also advised to observe precautions associated with rockfalls, PDCs, and ashfall," Phivolcs said.

Aircraft must also avoid flying close to Mount Mayon's summit.

Back in January, the volcano was placed under Alert Level 4, which meant a "hazardous" eruption was possible.

This status was lowered to Alert Level 3, and then to Alert Level 2, in March. More than 54,600 evacuees were also allowed to go home. –