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Chant (from Old French chanter[1]) is the rhythmic speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two pitches called reciting tones. Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes (e.g. woah woah) to highly complex musical structures (e.g. woah woah wo wo woah wo wo wo woah wo woah), often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant. Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the later Middle Ages some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).[2]
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A football chant or terrace chant, is a song or chant sung at association football matches. They can be historic, dating back to the formation of the club, adaptations of popular songs, or spontaneous reactions to events on the pitch. They are one of the last remaining sources of an oral folk song tradition in the United Kingdom.[1] Traditions vary from country to country and from team to team, but they are generally used either to encourage the home team or slight the opposition. Not only do fans sings songs to directly slight the opposition they are playing that day, many teams sing songs about their club rivals, even if they are not playing them.
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Ten German Bombers
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Ten German Bombers was originally a song sung by English school children during World War II. It uses the same tune as 'She'll Be Coming 'Round The Mountain' though its verse and chorus follow the format of the song 'Ten Green Bottles':
There were ten German bombers in the air,
There were ten German bombers in the air,
There were ten German bombers, Ten German bombers,
There were ten German bombers in the air,
And the RAF from England shot one down,
And the RAF from England shot one down,
And the RAF from England, The RAF from England,
And the RAF from England shot one down,
These verses are then repeated with one more bomber being shot down, until there are none left. (In the penutlimate verses it is changed to "There was" and "shot it down") The final verses of the song are:
There were no German bombers in the air,
There were no German bombers in the air,
There were no German bombers, No German bombers,
There were no German bombers in the air,
'Cos the RAF from England shot them down,
'Cos the RAF from England shot them down,
'Cos the RAF from England, The RAF from England,
'Cos the RAF from England shot them down.[1][2][3]
In football
In recent years the song has been sung by English football fans at matches against Germany. It is typically accompanied by horizontally outstretched arms and a gentle swaying motion, as if to mimic an aircraft in flight.
Such behaviour has been deemed to be offensive by the Football Association, and the former English manager Sven-Göran Eriksson asked fans to refrain from it at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany.[4] Television commercials starring David Beckham, Michael Owen, and Wayne Rooney requesting the same were also planned.[5] Similar issues attended the football song Two World Wars and One World Cup.
These moves have been criticized by some elements of the British press. Tony Parsons, writing in The Daily Mirror, has stated:
"Less than a lifetime ago the Germans inflicted untold misery on the world. If English football fans choose to deal with that a mere 60 years later by holding their arms out and pretending to be Lancaster bombers, I would suggest that the Germans are getting off quite lightly." [5]
During the 2006 World Cup the anti-German German musician Torsun (half of the group Egotronic) recorded a techno cover of the song. The song and its accompanying youtube video (featuring footage of German planes being shot down, the Wembley goal, a burning German flag, etc.) attracted media attention in Germany, as well as from the British tabloid News of the World. The song was eventually included in the World Cup themed compilation Weltmeister Hits 2006.[6][7][8]
(on some occasions, 'air' is replaced with 'war')